scholarly journals Relationship between heavy vehicle speed limit and fleet fuel consumption on minor roads

Author(s):  
G Wilson ◽  
G Morrison ◽  
W Midgley ◽  
D Cebon

This paper investigates the traffic-related effects of a proposal to increase the speed limit from 40 mile/h to 50 mile/h, for heavy goods vehicles greater than 7.5 tonnes, on single carriageway roads. A ‘microscopic’ single carriageway traffic simulation is developed by combining the ‘enhanced intelligent driver model’ with a single carriageway gap-acceptance passing model. Fuel consumption estimates are made using engine characteristic maps and a ‘fuel optimal’ gear selection scheme, where vehicle trajectories from the traffic simulations are taken as input drive-cycles. Traffic congestion and fleet fuel consumption are specifically addressed, though implications regarding passing behaviour and traffic safety are also noted. Results indicate that the proposed 50 mile/h heavy goods vehicles speed limit would reduce traffic congestion by over 37% and increase fleet fuel consumption by approximately 0.5 L/100 km.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yongtao Liu ◽  
Jie Qiao ◽  
Yanting Hu ◽  
Tengyuan Fang ◽  
Ting Xu ◽  
...  

Different vehicular speed limits may have an impact on the balance between safety and efficiency of travel on mountainous road corners associated with complex road conditions. Placing suitable speed limit warning signs does not merely effectively improve traffic safety but can also improve traffic efficiency. In this study, a global positioning system (GPS) terminal and Metrocount were used to collect vehicle speed data from more than 40 provincial-level curves in 8 provinces over the course of 1 year. Each road data collection time-period lasted approximately 8 hours. A descriptive statistics method was adopted by means of data screening and pretreatment. Additionally, both a velocity difference estimation model was established and a linear model of velocity differential estimation was constructed. Quantitative analysis was carried out on the safe speed, the driver’s expected speed, and the location of the speed limit warning signs. This demonstrated a positive correlation with the initial speed. When the difference in speed was greater than 15 km/h, a safety warning sign was required to limit the design speed to 80 km/h. A safety warning sign was also required when the corner radius was less than 300 m. The location of safety warning signs could be calculated based on the operating speed and taking driving safety and the visual range of drivers into consideration. The results can provide a theoretical reference for setting up appropriate safe speed limiting signs on road corners in mountainous areas.


Algorithms ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Chen ◽  
Yuxuan Yu ◽  
Qi Guo

This paper proposes a model predictive control method based on dynamic multi-objective optimization algorithms (MPC_CPDMO-NSGA-II) for reducing freeway congestion and relieving environment impact simultaneously. A new dynamic multi-objective optimization algorithm based on clustering and prediction with NSGA-II (CPDMO-NSGA-II) is proposed. The proposed CPDMO-NSGA-II algorithm is used to realize on-line optimization at each control step in model predictive control. The performance indicators considered in model predictive control consists of total time spent, total travel distance, total emissions and total fuel consumption. Then TOPSIS method is adopted to select an optimal solution from Pareto front obtained from MPC_CPDMO-NSGA-II algorithm and is applied to the VISSIM environment. The control strategies are variable speed limit (VSL) and ramp metering (RM). In order to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, the proposed algorithm is tested under the simulation environment originated from a real freeway network in Shanghai with one on-ramp. The result is compared with fixed speed limit strategy and single optimization method respectively. Simulation results show that it can effectively alleviate traffic congestion, reduce emissions and fuel consumption, as compared with fixed speed limit strategy and classical model predictive control method based on single optimization method.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Jelić ◽  
◽  
Maja Balenović ◽  

The development of traffic that is conditioned by the high mobility of people, goods and services must be in line with the principles of sustainable development, but it is only possible if the consumption of renewable resources is less than natural renewal opportunities. The future is in implementation of innovative technologies such as telematics systems that offer not only technical solutions but also a new way of life, a new business approach and a new cultural aspect of living for all traffic participants. Advanced telematics solutions such as inflow management and speed limit management greatly help to solve traffic problems, like incidents, environmental pollution, traffic congestion, fuel consumption, etc. Impact of telematics can increase safety but can also introduce new risks for drivers that pose special challenges to traffic psychology and public health. In order to reduce traffic congestion, longer waiting times, environmental pollution, reduce fuel consumption in incident situation various advanced grammatical solutions have been implemented in order to reduce these problems. Telematics, using techniques such as informatics, optoelectronics, automatics and telecommunications, helps to reduce costs of transportation potential management, improves the security and reliability of the transportation service.


2013 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Yong Fang ◽  
Zhong Yin Guo

To solve the problems in the current deterministic method of a maximum speed limit for expressway, a method of dynamic speed limit on expressway under complex climate was presented which was based on pavement skid-resistant performance. Firstly, the variation of pavement skid-resistant performance under complex climate conditions was analysed based on research results and certain experimental statistic data. By analysing the influence rule of AC-16 and SMA-16 pavement texture, pavement temperature, water film thickness, ice thickness, vehicle speed to pavement Skid-Resistant Performance, pavement actual friction coefficient calculation model and reference standard were established under different pavement condition Then, by analysing the geometry line indexes, pavement conditions and vehicle dynamics, the critical sideslip speed and critical longitudinal-driving safety speed was formulated; therefore, with critical speed as a constraint of safety driving and interval classification of complex climatic conditions, the dynamic speed calculate method and safety speed control standard were proposed under various pavements conditions, visibilities and traffic environments. This method for overcoming the weakness of a maximum speed limit of expressway operation and improving traffic safety is helpful.


2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (06) ◽  
pp. 1850077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubin Li ◽  
Danni Cao

The variable speed limit (VSL) is a kind of active traffic management method. Most of the strategies are used in the expressway traffic flow control in order to ensure traffic safety. However, the urban expressway system is the main artery, carrying most traffic pressure. It has similar traffic characteristics with the expressways between cities. In this paper, the improved link transmission model (LTM) combined with VSL strategies is proposed, based on the urban expressway network. The model can simulate the movement of the vehicles and the shock wave, and well balance the relationship between the amount of calculation and accuracy. Furthermore, the optimal VSL strategy can be proposed based on the simulation method. It can provide management strategies for managers. Finally, a simple example is given to illustrate the model and method. The selected indexes are the average density, the average speed and the average flow on the traffic network in the simulation. The simulation results show that the proposed model and method are feasible. The VSL strategy can effectively alleviate traffic congestion in some cases, and greatly promote the efficiency of the transportation system.


Author(s):  
Lung En Jan ◽  
Junfeng Zhao ◽  
Shunsuke Aoki ◽  
Anand Bhat ◽  
Chen-Fang Chang ◽  
...  

Abstract Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) have real-time knowledge of the immediate driving environment, actions to be taken in the near future and information from the cloud. This knowledge, referred to as preview information, enables CAVs to drive safely, but can also be used to minimize fuel consumption. Such fuel-efficient transportation has the potential to reduce aggregate fuel consumption by billions of gallons of gas every year in the U.S. alone. In this paper, we propose a planning framework for use in CAVs with the goal of generating fuel-efficient vehicle trajectories. By utilizing on-board sensor data and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications, we leverage the computational power of CAVs to generate eco-friendly vehicle trajectories. The planner uses an eco-driver model and a predictive cost-based search to determine the optimal speed profile for use by a CAV. To evaluate the performance of the planner, we introduce a co-simulation environment consisting of a CAV simulator, Matlab/Simulink and a CAV software platform called the InfoRich Eco-Autonomous Driving (iREAD) system. The planner is evaluated in various urban traffic scenarios based on real-world road network models provided by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Simulations show an average savings of 14.5% in fuel consumption with a corresponding increase of 2% in travel time using our method.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sandra Jakulytė ◽  
Virgaudas Puodžiukas

Usually, during the implementing the traffic safety policy, it is often decided to install a roundabout at an emergency junction. The reason is that roundabouts have long been considered the safest intersections due to the low number of conflict points and features to reduce vehicle speed. Unfortunately, the design of circular junctions is a responsible process, during which it is necessary to take into account not only the indicators of traffic safety but also the functional purpose of the road. It is known that the roads are classified according to their functional purpose into 3 groups: transit, connecting and access. By these groups in foreign countries are regulated geometric parameters of roads, possible types of intersections and design classes. Transit roads are subject to the highest requirements, because on these roads predominate uninterrupted traffic flow (the change in speed cannot be more than 10%) and a significant proportion of heavy-cargo vehicles, and the roundabout in such a path causes chaos due to its ability to reduce vehicle speeds (the speed drops by more than 10%). Lithuania faces a problem due to the lack of regulation of the implementation of roundabouts, the traffic congestion of vehicles, fuel consumption, traffic and increase in road accidents. It is not enough to analyze only the average annual daily traffic to design and install a roundabout. It is necessary to take into account the functional purpose of the road, the directional distribution of traffic at the intersection, the 30th-highest hour of traffic volume, capacity and level of service, in other words, to carry out a thorough analysis and research. In this article, there is the analysis of the annular intersection at the A4 Vilnius–Varėna–Gardinas 101.7 km highway. The research determines whether the level of service of the roundabouts meet road level of service according to the functional purpose of the road. Santrauka Vykdant eismo saugumo užtikrinimo politiką, dažnai priimamas sprendimas avaringoje sankryžoje įrengti žiedinę sankryžą. To priežastis yra ta, kad žiedinės sankryžos ilgą laiką buvo laikomos saugiausiomis sankryžomis dėl mažo konfliktinių taškų skaičiaus ir savybės sumažinti transporto priemonių greitį. Deja, žiedinių sankryžų projektavimas atsakingas procesas, kurio metu būtina atsižvelgti ne tik į eismo saugumo rodiklius, tačiau ir į kelio, kuriame ji projektuojama, funkcinę paskirtį. Kaip žinoma, keliai skirstomi pagal savo funkcinę paskirtį į 3 grupes: tranzitiniai, jungiamieji ir privažiavimo, pagal šias grupes užsienio šalyse reglamentuojami kelių geometriniai rodikliai, galimi sankryžų tipai, projektavimo klasės. Tranzitiniams keliams taikomi aukščiausi reikalavimai, nes tokiuose keliuose vyrauja tolygus eismas (važiavimo greičio pokytis negali būti didesnis nei 10 %), didelė sunkiasvorių transporto priemonių dalis eisme, o žiedinė sankryža tokiame kelyje sukelia chaosą dėl savo savybės sumažinti transporto priemonių greitį (greitis mažėja daugiau nei 10 %). Lietuva susiduria su problema – dėl netinkamo žiedinių sankryžų rengimo reglamentavimo valstybinės reikšmės keliuose susidaro transporto priemonių spūstys, didėja kuro sąnaudos, dažnai padaugėja ir eismo įvykių. Norint projektuoti ir įrengti žiedinę sankryžą, neužtenka analizuoti vien vidutinio metinio paros eismo intensyvumo, būtina atsižvelgti į kelio funkcinę paskirtį, kryptinį srautų pasiskirstymą sankryžoje, 30-osios valandos eismo intensyvumą, eismo pralaidumą ir eismo kokybės rodiklius, t. y. atlikti išsamius tyrimus ir analizes. Straipsnyje analizuojama žiedinė sankryža, esanti valstybinės reikšmės magistraliniame kelyje A4 Vilnius–Varėna–Gardinas 101,7 km, tyrimo metu nustatoma, ar žiedinės sankryžos eismo kokybės rodikliai atitinka kelio eismo kokybės rodiklius pagal kelio funkcinę paskirtį.


Author(s):  
Yina Wu ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-Aty ◽  
Ou Zheng ◽  
Qing Cai ◽  
Lishengsa Yue

A common type of bike lane at intersections is between the through lane and the right lane. With such design, right-turning drivers need to cross the bike lane to merge into the right lane, which could cause conflicts with bicycles on the keyhole bike lane. This study aims to develop a warning system for drivers to avoid vehicle–bicycle crashes in the bike lane area under a connected vehicle environment. To propose a reasonable warning system, 118 right-turning vehicle trajectories were collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle. Drivers’ right-turning behaviors are investigated based on the trajectory data. Then, a vehicle–bicycle crash warning algorithm is proposed to calculate the post-encroachment time (PET) under different situations. By comparing the threshold value and the PET value, potential vehicle–bicycle crash locations in the bike lane area could be identified. The proposed algorithm is designed to be displayed on front windshields with an augmented reality display. The results suggested that the proposed algorithm could provide high prediction accuracy. Moreover, vehicle speed, vehicle location, bicycle speed, and bicycle location were found to have significant impact on the locations of dangerous areas. It is expected that the proposed warning system could be used to identify the dangerous areas and deliver warning information for right-turning drivers when they are approaching an intersection. The warning system could help drivers be more prepared for the upcoming right-turning maneuver, and thus improve traffic safety for both drivers and cyclists at intersections.


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Vujić ◽  
Ivana Šemanjski ◽  
Pero Vidan

The problem of traffic congestion is particularly acute in urban areas in which the possibilities for the physical increase of capacities are limited or nonexistent. Traffic congestion has a direct impact on the emission, energy efficiency and fuel consumption of personal vehicles. Several projects in the European Union are focused on solving this problem (both at the physical level – automotive industry, as well as at the traffic management level). This paper explores the possibility of the implementation of advanced traffic control systems in urban areas in which driving behavior involves a multitude of stopand-go actions, lower speeds in lower vehicle gears. Since this type of driving behavior affects vehicle fuel consumption and emission, relevant evaluation parameters were defined (queue length, average vehicle speed, etc.). A demonstration corridor in the city of Zagreb was chosen and a simulation model based on the traffic data collected in real traffic situations developed. The basis for further research is laid down to allow the application of the proposed model and adaptive traffic control algorithms to the greater urban traffic network.


2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Fatih Ozkan ◽  
Yao Ma

Abstract The development of vehicle connectivity and autonomy in the ground transportation sector is not only able to enhance traffic safety and driving comfort as well as fuel economy. This study presents a receding-horizon optimization-based control strategy integrated with the preceding vehicle speed prediction model to achieve an eco-driving strategy for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). In the real traffic scenario where the CAV follows the preceding vehicle on the road, a gated recurrent unit (GRU) network is used to predict the behavior of the preceding vehicle by utilizing the historical inter-vehicle information collected through on-board sensors. Then, a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) algorithm is adopted for CAV to minimize the accumulated fuel consumption within the preview horizon. The NMPC approach solves the fuel-optimal speed profile of the CAV, considering a predicted short-term speed preview of the preceding vehicle. With the awareness of the preview speed conditions, the fuel consumption of the CAV is reduced by avoiding unnecessary braking and acceleration, especially during transient traffic conditions. The Pareto front framework is used to examine a trade-off between the vehicle speed prediction accuracy, computational burden, and the fuel consumption of the CAV in the proposed GRU-NMPC design. To analyze the effectiveness of the GRU-NMPC design, adaptive cruise control with constant time headway policy (ACC-CTH) is adopted as a benchmark control design. Comparison results show significant fuel economy improvement of the proposed design and expose possible fuel benefits from vehicle autonomy and sensor fusion technology.


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