scholarly journals Design of a pressure modulator using fast-acting bistable valves

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440622094420
Author(s):  
L Henderson ◽  
D Cebon
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Chamber Pressure ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Pneumatic Valves ◽  
Pressure Observer ◽  
Fast Acting

Fast-acting pneumatic valves, combined with a slip-control braking algorithm, have recently been used to improve the straight-line braking performance of an experimental heavy goods vehicle, on low friction roads, by 16%. This paper describes how the fast-acting valves, which were central to the aforementioned research, were designed for use on a commercial vehicle. Design equations, as well as a generalized design method, are first presented for the fast-acting bistable pneumatic valve. A pressure observer is developed to predict the brake chamber pressure in cases where a pressure transducer is mounted upstream. A simple fault detection algorithm is then introduced, which utilizes some of the calculations made in the pressure observer, and is shown to correctly identify faults on a real vehicle. Performance comparisons are made between the new modulator and a conventional heavy goods vehicle electro-pneumatic brake system. Closed-loop frequency response tests show that the control bandwidth of brake chamber pressure on a heavy goods vehicle can be increased from 1.5 Hz to 10 Hz using the new hardware.

scholarly journals A Design Method for a Variable Combined Brake System for Motorcycles Applying the Adaptive Control Method

Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Yuan-Ting Lin ◽  
Chyuan-Yow Tseng ◽  
Jao-Hwa Kuang ◽  
Yeong-Maw Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Brake System ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Parameter Matching ◽  
Maximum Deceleration ◽  
Wide Variation Range

The variable combined brake system (VCBS) is a mechanism for motorcycles to simultaneously activate the front and rear brake systems by using one brake lever or pedal. The purpose is to reduce the risk of rollover accidents due to misuse of the front brake when panic braking. Due to its ability in a wide variation range of braking force distribution (BFD) ratios between the front and rear wheels, the VCBS can simultaneously achieve high braking effort and driving comfort performances, provided that the BFD ratio is designed appropriately. This paper aimed to develop the design method for the VCBS. A mathematical model of the VCBS mechanism is derived, and a parameter matching design method that applies adaptive control theory is proposed. A prototype of VCBS is designed and built based on the proposed method. The straight-line braking test results show that the motorcycle equipped with the VCBS prototype effectively obtained a high braking performance in deceleration. The obtained maximum deceleration is an average of 6.37 m/s2 (0.65 g) under an average handbrake lever force of 154.29 N. For front brake failure, maximum deceleration is obtained at an average of 3.38 m/s2 (0.34 g), which is higher than the homologation requirement of 2.9 m/s2.

Rapid computer-aided design method for fast-acting solenoid actuators

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 991-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Piron ◽  
P. Sangha ◽  
G. Reid ◽  
T.J.E. Miller ◽  
D.M. Ionel
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Fast Acting

Cumulative Damage in Fatigue—A Design Method Based on the S-N Curve

1957 ◽  
Vol 61 (559) ◽  
pp. 485-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Stress Level ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Design Method ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pull Tests

SummaryIt is suggested that a convenient way of presenting the results of fatigue tests in which two different stress amplitudes are applied alternately is to plot log N against log (n1/n) where N is the total cycles to failure and (n1/n) is the fraction of cycles run at the high stress.With these co-ordinates, a simple geometrical construction gives a safe design method for the two-stress level system using only the conventional S-N curve and the value of (n1/n) expected to be encountered in service. If N1 and N2 are the lives at the high and low stresses as read from the S-N curve, one point may be plotted at (log N1, 0) since this represents the programme when all cycles are at the high stress. On the assumption, shown to be justified, that less than one cycle of high stress per 10,000 total cycles would not significantly affect the life at the low stress, a second point is plotted at (log N2, 4). The straight line joining these two points is always found to predict safe values of N for any value of (n1/n).This conclusion is checked against a wide range of experimental results taken from six different sources in the literature covering rotating-bending and push-pull tests, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, any order of stressing and length of programme cycle from 50 up to 5 million. This last feature means that the length of the programme cycle in service need not be known. All that is required is the proportion in which the two stress amplitudes are mixed. The average value of the ratio (experimental life/predicted life) for the data examined is 1·8, the extreme values being 1 and 56. By plotting in three dimensions an equation is also developed for the three-stress level spectrum and a suggestion is made for an extension of the method to multiple stress levels.

scholarly journals Traffic sign Detection using CNN

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
K. Mirunalini ◽  
Vasantha Kalyani David
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Lane Detection ◽  
Traffic Sign ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Sign Detection ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
Traffic Sign Detection

Lane Detection and Traffic sign detection are the essential components in ADAS .Although there has been significant quantity of analysis dedicated to the detection of lane detection and sign detection in the past, there is still need robustness in the system. An important challenge in the current algorithm is to cope with the bad weather and illumination. In this paper proposes an improved Hough transform algorithm in order to achieve detection of straight line while for the detection of curved sections, the tracking algorithm is studied. The proposed method uses Hybrid KSVD for removing the noise and Hybrid Lane Detection Algorithm is used for identifying the lanes and CNN based approach is used for the Traffic sign Detection. The proposed method offers better Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Root Mean Square (RMS) in contrast to the existing methods.

scholarly journals Lane Detection Algorithm Based on Road Structure and Extended Kalman Filter

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Jinsheng Xiao ◽  
Wenxin Xiong ◽  
Yuan Yao ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
Reinhard Klette
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Extended Kalman Filter ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Lane Detection ◽  
Strong Light ◽  
Edge Strength ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Edge Points ◽  
The Stability

Lane detection still demonstrates low accuracy and missing robustness when recorded markings are interrupted by strong light or shadows or missing marking. This article proposes a new algorithm using a model of road structure and an extended Kalman filter. The region of interest is set according to the vanishing point. First, an edge-detection operator is used to scan horizontal pixels and calculate edge-strength values. The corresponding straight line is detected by line parameters voted by edge points. From the edge points and lane mark candidates extracted above, and other constraints, these points are treated as the potential lane boundary. Finally, the lane parameters are estimated using the coordinates of the lane boundary points. They are updated by an extended Kalman filter to ensure the stability and robustness. Results indicate that the proposed algorithm is robust for challenging road scenes with low computational complexity.

Anti-Slosh Effectiveness of Baffles and Braking Performance of a Partly-Filled Tank Truck

2014 ◽  
Vol 541-542 ◽  
pp. 674-683
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
G. Yan ◽  
S. Rakheja
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Fluid Structure Interactions ◽  
Tank Truck ◽  
Plane Model ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Spectral Components

The liquid cargo movement within a partly-filled tank truck affects its braking, roll dynamics and directional performance in an adverse manner. In this study, the braking performance of a partly-filled tank truck equipped with different baffles designs is investigated considering dynamic fluid-structure interactions. The validity of the computational fluid dynamic model is examined through laboratory tests conducted on a scale model tank with and without baffles. The measured responses to harmonic excitations revealed three-dimensional nature of the fluid motion and couplings between the lateral and longitudinal fluid slosh. Several spectral components were observed for the transient slosh forces, which could be associated with the excitation, resonance, and beat frequencies. A dynamic pitch plane model of a Tridem truck incorporating three-dimensional fluid slosh dynamics is subsequently developed to analyze the fluid-vehicle interactions under straight-line braking maneuvers. The results show that the vehicle responses are highly influenced by the slosh-induced force and moment.

scholarly journals DATA-DRIVEN DESIGN OF HMM TOPOLOGY FOR ONLINE HANDWRITING RECOGNITION

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 107-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAY J. LEE ◽  
JAHWAN KIM ◽  
JIN H. KIM
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Handwriting Recognition ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Established Method ◽  
Line Segments ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Online Handwriting Recognition ◽  
Single Pattern ◽  
Online Handwriting

Although HMM is widely used for online handwriting recognition, there is no simple and well-established method of designing the HMM topology. We propose a data-driven systematic method to design HMM topology. Data samples in a single pattern class are structurally simplified into a sequence of straight-line segments, and then these simplified representations of the samples are clustered. An HMM is constructed for each of these clusters, by assigning a state to each straight-line segments. Then the resulting multiple models of the class are combined to form an architecture of a multiple parallel-path HMM, which behaves as a single HMM. To avoid excessive growing of the number of the states, parameter tying is applied such that structural similarity among patterns is reflected. Experiments on online Hangul recognition showed about 19% of error reductions, compared to the intuitive design method.

Dynamic Design Method for Magnesium Alloys Wheel of New Energy Vehicles

2010 ◽  
Vol 118-120 ◽  
pp. 930-934
Author(s):  
Wei Hua Zhu ◽  
Zuan Xi Zheng ◽  
Jin Zhi Feng ◽  
Hong Hui Xu ◽  
You Tao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
Dynamic Design ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
New Energy

This paper tends to find ways to replace aluminum alloy with a new kind of magnesium alloy for vehicle hubs, and also implements a dynamic design method for the hubs' weight-optimization and relevant analysis，so as to evaluate the strength reliability and modal characteristics. In comparison with most widely used aluminum alloys, magnesium alloy is one of the lightest commercialized metallic materials for structural applications. Magnesium alloys possess the attractive properties desired by automobile industry, such as low density, low cost, higher strength and out-standing damping capability. When used as wheel material, Mg alloys are able to reduce mass of the wheels, absorb vibration, damp noise emission, reduce fuel consumption and enhance acceleration and braking performance.

The Research of Real-Time Image Acquisition and Sobel Edge Detection with FPGA

2011 ◽  
Vol 467-469 ◽  
pp. 703-708
Author(s):  
Yang Xu ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Jian Jun Yuan ◽  
Min Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Edge Detection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Time Image ◽  
Sobel Edge Detection ◽  
Time Image

As the real-time image acquiring and processing need to be dealt with high speed, a image acquisition and preprocessing system is discussed in this paper. It is built on FPGA( field programmable gate array ) with pipelined and parallel technology. The configurable macro function modules provided by Altera company achieve the Sobel edge detection algorithm. The real-time display the image after edge detection works properly and The new design method shorten the development cycle.

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