Mesoscale modeling and biocompatibility of nano-hydroxyapatite reinforced ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composite

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622110504
Author(s):  
Nishant Verma ◽  
Anand Kumar Keshri ◽  
Himanshu Pathak ◽  
Sunny Zafar ◽  
Amit Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Mean Field ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elastoplastic Behavior ◽  
Polyethylene Composite ◽  
Elastoplastic Properties ◽  
Hardening Modulus ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight

This work aims to implement an efficient and accurate computational model to predict elastoplastic properties of UHMWPE/nano-HA bio-composite. Mean-field (MF) homogenization and finite element (FE) techniques are implemented to predict the elastoplastic behavior of composite. The predicted results obtained by MF and FE were compared and validated experimentally by fabricating the specimen using microwave-assisted compression molding. The axial and transverse moduli were increased by 49% at a 20% weight fraction of nano-HA. The hardening modulus was also found to be increased by 67%. Further, Degree of crystallinity (Xc) of fabricated composite specimens was determined using differential scanning calorimetry analysis. It was found that the Xc increased 34% with the addition of 20% weight fraction of nano-HA. In vitro, direct contact cytotoxicity and antibacterial test were performed to determine cell adhesion and bacterial behavior of the composite.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic Anti-Cancer Activity of Certain Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Poly (Ester-Amides) Containing 2, 6-Bis (Benzylidene)Cyclohexanone Moiety in the Main Chain

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-s) ◽  
pp. 210-223
Author(s):  
Kavitha Erra Kalappa ◽  
N. Ramalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Polarized Microscopy ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cancer Activity

Five thermotropic liquid crystalline poly(ester-amides) were synthesized by polycondensation method. The poly(ester-amides) were synthesized from varying dicarboxylic acids with a common diamine namely 4,4'-diaminobenzene and a common diol namely 2,6-bis(4-hydroxybenzylidene))cyclohexanone. For qualitative characterization, viscosity measurements and solubility data were used for these synthesized poly(ester-amides). The spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR were performed to investigate the microstructural features of these synthesized poly(ester-amides). The thermal phase transition behavior of these poly(ester-amides) were studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Hot-stage Optical Polarized Microscopy (HOPM). The degree of crystallinity was assessed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) technique was used to illustrate the morphology of these poly(ester-amides). The copolymer synthesized was subjected into in vitro anti-cancer activity studies against human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line. Keywords: Bisbenzylidenecyclohexanone; poly(ester-amides); polycondensation; thermotropic liquid crystalline properties; cytotoxicity, anticancer.

Investigation on the morphology, thermal properties, and in vitro cytotoxicity of the fish scale particulates filled high-density polyethylene composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-296
Author(s):  
C Balaji Ayyanar ◽  
K Marimuthu
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
High Density ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polyethylene Composite

The high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and fish scale particulates are in the ratio of 10:3 (matrix 100 g:filler 30 g) which is filled and blended with thermoplastic composites and are then fabricated by the injection molding machine. In this work, the thermal energy absorption is obtained as 103.9 J g−1 that melts onset temperature at 121.75°C and melts peak temperature at 129.98°C of the specimen using differential scanning calorimetry instrument. A gradual mass degradation and decomposition of the prepared samples were analyzed from the thermogravimetric analysis. Evaluation of microstructure, surface morphology, and elemental analysis was carried out using field emission scanning electron microscope. The presence of functional groups in the polymeric materials was identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity testing of composites has been carried out using MG 63 cell line. In these studies, five different volumes of liquid extract of the prepared specimen having different concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μL) were allowed to interact with fresh cell culture medium for 24 h. The cell viability, cell morphology, and the levels of cytotoxicity of the composite specimen were studied as per ISO 10993:12 and ISO 10993:5 test standards. It was found that the natural fiber filled composite showed none to slight cytotoxic reactivity to MG-63 cells after 24 h contact. The cytotoxicity level of fish scale particulate filled HDPE composite material was compared with standard reactivity level and it was confirmed to have low toxic level (none to slight).

scholarly journals Effect of Poly(vinyl alcohol) on Nanoencapsulation of Budesonide in Chitosan Nanoparticles via Ionic Gelation and Its Improved Bioavailability

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Michailidou ◽  
Nina Maria Ainali ◽  
Eleftheria Xanthopoulou ◽  
Stavroula Nanaki ◽  
Margaritis Kostoglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

Chitosan (CS) is a polymer extensively used in drug delivery formulations mainly due to its biocompatibility and low toxicity. In the present study, chitosan was used for nanoencapsulation of a budesonide (BUD) drug via the well-established ionic gelation technique and a slight modification of it, using also poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a surfactant. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs revealed that spherical nanoparticles were successfully prepared with average sizes range between 363 and 543 nm, as were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS), while zeta potential verified their positive charged surface. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed that BUD was encapsulated in crystalline state in nanoparticles but with a lower degree of crystallinity than the neat drug, which was also proven by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and melting peak measurements. This could be attributed to interactions that take place between BUD and CS, which were revealed by FTIR and by an extended computational study. An in vitro release study of budesonide showed a slight enhancement in the BUD dissolution profile, compared to the neat drug. However, drug release was substantially increased by introducing PVA during the nanoencapsulation procedure, which is attributed to the higher amorphization of BUD on these nanoparticles. The release curves were analyzed using a diffusion model that allows estimation of BUD diffusivity in the nanoparticles.

Characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of fish scale and seashell derived nano-hydroxyapatite high-density polyethylene composite

2020 ◽  
pp. 096739112098155
Author(s):  
C Balaji Ayyanar ◽  
K Marimuthu ◽  
B Gayathri ◽  
Sankarrajan
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Mg63 Cell ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
High Density ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Chemical Route ◽  
Polyethylene Composite ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is the major inorganic component of natural bone which exhibits better biocompatibility with various kinds of cells and tissues, making it an ideal candidate for dental and orthopedic applications. The naturally extracted HAp (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) from fish scale and seashell is exactly matched with the chemical composition of bone minerals. Nowadays, soft chemistry is used for the synthesis of bioceramics such as HAp. This is a chemical route that yields more homogeneous solid-state materials. In this study, the extracted powder from fish scale and seashell was heated in the furnace and maintained at 700°C for 3 hours and the powder was naturally cooled. The derived CaO was used for preparing HAp by the microwave irradiation techniques. The HAp was filled with High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) in the ratio of 10:3 (Matrix 100 g: Filler 30 g) and composite was fabricated by the injection molding. The functional groups present in the HAp-HDPE specimen was identified using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. The thermal stability of 30 wt. % HAp-HDPE composite was analyzed using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). In vitro cytotoxicity studies were carried out using MG63 cell line. In these studies, five different volumes of liquid extracts of the prepared HAp-HDPE specimen having different concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μl) were allowed to interact with fresh cell culture medium for 24 hours. The cell morphology, cell viability, and the levels of cytotoxicity of the composite specimen were studied as per 10993:12, and ISO 10993:5 test standards.

Effect of Crystallinity on the Friction Behavior of Ultra-high-molecular-weight-polyethylene

2006 ◽  
Vol 977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanaga Karuppiah Kanaga Subramanian ◽  
Angela L Bruck ◽  
Sriram Sundararajan ◽  
Zhiqun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Interfacial Shear Strength ◽  
Hold Time ◽  
Scratch Resistance ◽  
Interfacial Shear ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight

AbstractIn this study we evaluate the interfacial shear strength and scratch resistance of medical grade ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) (GUR 1050 resin) as a function of polymer crystallinity. Crystallinity was controlled by heating UHMWPE samples to a temperature above its melting point and varying the hold time and cooling rates. Degree of crystallinity of the samples was evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Quantitative nanoscale friction experiments were conducted using an atomic force microscope with commercially available Si3N4 probes under dry conditions. A higher crystallinity resulted in lower friction force and lower interfacial shear strength as well as increased scratch resistance. The trend in friction response was observed in microscale friction measurements.

Fenofibrate Solid Dispersion for Improving Oral Bioavailability: Preparation, and Characterization and in vivo Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 5102-5109
Author(s):  
Venu Madhav K ◽  
Somnath De ◽  
Chandra Shekar Bonagiri ◽  
Sridhar Babu Gummadi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation

Fenofibrate (FN) is used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. It shows poor dissolution and poor oral bioavailability after oral administration due to high liphophilicity and low aqueous solubility. Hence, solid dispersions (SDs) of FN (FN-SDs) were develop that might enhance the dissolution and subsequently oral bioavailability. FN-SDs were prepared by solvent casting method using different carriers (PEG 4000, PEG 6000, β cyclodextrin and HP β cyclodextrin) in different proportions (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% w/v). FN-SDs were evaluated solubility, assay and in vitro release studies for the optimization of SD formulation. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed for crystalline and morphology analysis, respectively. Further, optimized FN-SD formulation evaluated for pharmacokinetic performance in Wistar rats, in vivo in comparison with FN suspension.  From the results, FN-SD3 and FN-SD6 have showed 102.9 ±1.3% and 105.5±3.1% drug release, respectively in 2 h. DSC and PXRD studies revealed that conversion of crystalline to amorphous nature of FN from FT-SD formulation. SEM studies revealed the change in the orientation of FN when incorporated in SDs. The oral bioavailability FN-SD3 and FN-SD6 formulations exhibited 2.5-folds and 3.1-folds improvement when compared to FN suspension as control. Overall, SD of FN could be considered as an alternative dosage form for the enhancement of oral delivery of poorly water-soluble FN.

The Development of Pemetrexed Diacid-Loaded Gelatin-Cloisite 30B (MMT) Nanocomposite for Improved Oral Efficacy Against Cancer: Characterization, In-Vitro and Ex-Vivo Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-256
Author(s):  
Kriti Soni ◽  
Ali Mujtaba ◽  
Md. Habban Akhter ◽  
Kanchan Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Cloisite 30B ◽  
Ft Ir

Aim: The intention of this investigation was to develop Pemetrexed Diacid (PTX)-loaded gelatine-cloisite 30B (MMT) nanocomposite for the potential oral delivery of PTX and the in vitro, and ex vivo assessment. Background: Gelatin/Cloisite 30 B (MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by blending gelatin with MMT in aqueous solution. Methods: PTX was incorporated into the nanocomposite preparation. The nanocomposites were investigated by Fourier Transmission Infra Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Confocal Laser Microscopy (CLSM). FT-IR of nanocomposite showed the disappearance of all major peaks which corroborated the formation of nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were found to have a particle size of 121.9 ± 1.85 nm and zeta potential -12.1 ± 0.63 mV. DSC thermogram of drug loaded nanocomposites indicated peak at 117.165 oC and 205.816 oC, which clearly revealed that the drug has been incorporated into the nanocomposite because of cross-linking of cloisite 30 B and gelatin in the presence of glutaraldehyde. Results: SEM images of gelatin show a network like structure which disappears in the nanocomposite. The kinetics of the drug release was studied in order to ascertain the type of release mechanism. The drug release from nanocomposites was in a controlled manner, followed by first-order kinetics and the drug release mechanism was found to be of Fickian type. Conclusion: Ex vivo gut permeation studies revealed 4 times enhancement in the permeation of drug present in the nanocomposite as compared to plain drug solution and were further affirmed by CLSM. Thus, gelatin/(MMT) nanocomposite could be promising for the oral delivery of PTX in cancer therapy and future prospects for the industrial pharmacy.

Mannose Conjugated Starch Nanoparticles for Preferential Targeting of Liver Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhlesh Kumar Jain ◽  
Hitesh Sahu ◽  
Keerti Mishra ◽  
Suresh Thareja
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Starch Nanoparticles

Aim: To design D-Mannose conjugated 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) loaded Jackfruit seed starch nanoparticles (JFSSNPs) for site specific delivery. Background: Liver cancer is the third leading cause of death in world and fifth most often diagnosed cancer is the major global threat to public health. Treatment of liver cancer with conventional method bears several side effects, thus to undertake these side effects as a formulation challenge, it is necessary to develop novel target specific drug delivery system for the effective and better localization of drug into the proximity of target with restricting the movement of drug in normal tissues. Objective: To optimize and characterize the developed D-Mannose conjugated 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) loaded Jackfruit seed starch nanoparticles (JFSSNPs) for effective treatment of liver cancer. Materials and methods: 5-FU loaded JFSSNPs were prepared and optimized formulation had higher encapsulation efficiency were conjugated with D-Mannose. These formulations were characterized for size, morphology, zeta potential, X-Ray Diffraction, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Potential of NPs were studied using in vitro cytotoxicity assay, in vivo kinetic studies and bio-distribution studies. Result and discussion: 5-Fluorouracil loaded NPs had particle size between 336 to 802nm with drug entrapment efficiency was between 64.2 to 82.3%. In XRD analysis, 5-FU peak was diminished in the diffractogram, which could be attributed to the successful incorporation of drug in amorphous form. DSC study suggests there was no physical interaction between 5- FU and Polymer. NPs showed sustained in vitro 5-FU release up to 2 hours. In vivo, mannose conjugated NPs prolonged the plasma level of 5-FU and assist selective accumulation of 5-FU in the liver (vs other organs spleen, kidney, lungs and heart) compared to unconjugated one and plain drug. Conclusion: In vivo, bio-distribution and plasma profile studies resulted in significantly higher concentration of 5- Fluorouracil liver suggesting that these carriers are efficient, viable, and targeted carrier of 5-FU treatment of liver cancer.

Injectable in-situ Forming Depot Of Doxycycline Hyclate/α-Cyclodextrin Complex using PLGA for Periodontitis Treatment: Preparation, Charac-terization, and In-Vitro Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Khodaverdi ◽  
Farhad Eisvand ◽  
Mohammad Sina Nezami ◽  
Seyedeh Nesa Rezaeian Shiadeh ◽  
Hossein Kamali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Form ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Cyclodextrin Complex ◽  
Doxycycline Hyclate ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
In Situ Forming

Background:: Doxycycline (DOX) is used in treating a bacterial infection, especially for periodontitis treatment. Objective: To reduce irritation of DOX for subgingival administration and increase the chemical stability and against enzy-matic, the complex of α-cyclodextrin with DOX was prepared and loaded into injectable in situ forming implant based on PLGA. Methods:: FTIR, molecular docking studies, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry was performed to char-acterize the DOX/α-cyclodextrin complex. Finally, the in-vitro drug release and modeling, morphological properties, and cellular cytotoxic effects were also evaluated. Results:: The stability of DOX was improved with complex than pure DOX. The main advantage of the complex is the al-most complete release (96.31 ± 2.56 %) of the drug within 14 days of the implant, whereas in the formulation containing the pure DOX and the physical mixture the DOX with α-cyclodextrin release is reached to 70.18 ± 3.61 % and 77.03 ± 3.56 %, respectively. This trend is due to elevate of DOX stability in the DOX/ α-cyclodextrin complex form within PLGA implant that confirmed by the results of stability. Conclusion:: Our results were indicative that the formulation containing DOX/α-cyclodextrin complex was biocompatible and sustained-release with minimum initial burst release.

The Potential Migrated Mechanism of Water-Soluble Components in Pellets Prepared by Wet Extrusion/Spheronization: Effect of Drying Rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingwei Wang ◽  
Jianping Liu ◽  
Zhenghua Li ◽  
Yulong Xia ◽  
Shuangshuang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Wet Extrusion ◽  
Extrusion Spheronization ◽  
Soluble Components

Background: At present, there were numerous researches on the migration of components in tablets and granules, the investigation in the pharmaceutical literatrue concerning the effect of drying rate on the migration of water-soluble components of pellets was limited. Temperature and relative humidity (RH) were crucial parameters during the drying process which was an essential step in the preparation of pellets via wet extrusion/spheronization. To quantify these variables, the water loss percentage of pellets per minute was defined as drying rate. Objective: The study aimed to investigate the influence of drying rate on the migration of water-soluble components in wet pellets and the potential migrated mechanism. Methods: The pellets containing tartrazine as a water-soluble model drug and microcrystalline cellulose as a matrix former were prepared by extrusion/spheronization and dried at four different drying temperature and relative humidity. Afterward, the extent of migrated tartrazine was assessed regarding appearance, in-vitro dissolution test, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, X-Ray Powder Diffraction, Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Confocal Raman Mapping. Results: Results demonstrated that red spots of tartrazine appeared on the surface of pellets and more than 40% tartrazine were burst released within 5 minutes when pellets dried at 60℃/RH 10%. While pellets dried at 40℃/RH 80%, none of these aforementioned phenomena was observed. Conclusion: In conclusion, the faster drying rate was, the more tartrazine migrated to the exterior of pellets. Adjusting drying temperature and relative humidity appropriately could inhibit the migration of water-soluble components within wet extrusion/spheronization pellets.

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