Evaluation of hot water storage strategy in internal combustion engine on different driving cycles using numerical simulations

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (8) ◽  
pp. 1019-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Sara ◽  
David Chalet ◽  
Mickaël Cormerais ◽  
Jean-François Hetet
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Driving Cycles

Since the main interest worldwide of green environment companies is to reduce pollutant emissions, the automotive industry is aiming to improve engine efficiency in order to reduce fuel consumption. Recently, studies have been shifted from upgrading the engine to the auxiliary systems attached to it. Thermal management is one of the successful fields that has shown promise in minimizing fuel consumption and reducing pollutant emissions. Throughout this work, a four-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine model was developed on GT-Power. Also, a thermal code has been developed in parallel on GT-Suite, in which the different parts of the coolant and lubricant circuits were modeled and calibrated to have the best agreement with the temperature profile of the two fluids in the system. Once the model was verified, hot coolant storage, a thermal management strategy, was applied to the system to assess the fuel consumption gain. The storage tank was located downstream the thermostat and upstream the radiator with three valves to control the coolant flow. The place was chosen to avoid negative impact on the cold start-up of the engine when the tank is at the ambient temperature. This strategy was applied on different driving cycles such as the NEDC, WLTC, CADC (urban and highway), and an in-house developed driving cycle. The ambient temperature was varied between −7°C to represent the coldest winter and 20°C. The results of this study summarize the ability of the hot coolant storage strategy in reducing the fuel consumption, and show the best driving cycle that needs to be applied on along with the influence of the different ambient temperatures.

Different Configurations of Exhaust Gas Heat Recovery in Internal Combustion Engine: Evaluation on Different Driving Cycles Using Numerical Simulations

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Sara ◽  
David Chalet ◽  
Mickaël Cormerais
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Direct Heating ◽  
Driving Cycles

Exhaust gas heat recovery is one of the interesting thermal management strategies that aim to improve the cold start of the engine and thus reduce its fuel consumption. In this work, an overview of the heat exchanger used as well as the experimental setup and the different tests will be presented first. Then numerical simulations were run to assess and valorize the exhaust gas heat recovery strategy. The application was divided into three parts: an indirect heating of the oil with the coolant as a medium fluid, a direct heating of the oil, and direct heating of the oil and the coolant. Different ideas were tested over five different driving cycles: New European driving cycle (NEDC), worldwide harmonized light duty driving test cycle (WLTC), common Artemis driving cycle (CADC) (urban and highway), and one in-house developed cycle. The simulations were performed over two ambient temperatures. Different configurations were proposed to control the engine's lubricant maximum temperature. Results concerning the temperature profiles as well as the assessment of fuel consumption were stated for each case.

Series Plug in Hybrid Vehicle for Urban Driving Cycle

2014 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 510-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Mujianto ◽  
Muhammad Nizam ◽  
Inayati
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Drive Cycle ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Study Performance

Urban area is the center of activities. Many people use the vehicle to cover the distance toward their activities places. In order to support the activities a large number of vehicles are moving in urban areas. Consequently, the consumption of fuel will increase from time to time and oil price has increased due to higher of demands. Thus, a plugin hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is proven as one of the best practical applications for transportation in order to reduce fuel consumption. One of the types of PHEV is a series PHEV (SPHEV). SPHEV is the simplest type of PHEV but still having higher efficiency of fuel than an internal combustion engine vehicle. This study was focused to discuss on the ability of SPHEV for covering distance and velocity of the urban drive cycle. Three driving cycles namely new European drive cycle (NEDC), extra urban driving cycle (EUDC), and EPA highway fuel economy cycle (HWFET) were used for the simulation using ADVISOR software to study performance of SPHEV. To achieve the best performance of SPHEV, the control strategy based on an artificial intelligence was purposed. The simulation was done by using SPHEV which consisted of15 kW battery, 41 kW engine, and 41 kW DC motor. The performance of SPHEV (fuel consumption and emission) was then compared to a gasoline engine vehicle (GEV). The results showed that SPHEV consumed less fuel and generated less emission during performing all drive cycles.

Influence of ambient temperature on diesel engine raw pollutants and fuel consumption in different driving cycles

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 877-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Luján ◽  
Héctor Climent ◽  
Santiago Ruiz ◽  
Ausias Moratal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Light Duty

The effect of low ambient temperature on diesel raw pollutant emissions is analysed in two different driving cycles: NEDC and WLTC. The study is focused on hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and fuel consumption. Tests are conducted at cold start in a HSDI light-duty diesel engine with two levels of ambient temperature: 20 °C and −7 °C. Results showed a general detriment of pollutant emissions and break thermal efficiency at low ambient temperatures. NOx is increased around 250% in both cycles when running at low temperatures. Effect on hydrocarbons is more noticeable in the NEDC, where it rises in 270%, compared with the 150% of increase in the WLTC. In the case of carbon monoxide, uncorrelated tendencies are observed between both driving cycles. Concerning the NEDC, carbon monoxide emissions increase up to 125%, while at the WLTC, they are reduced up to 20%. Finally, from the point of view of the thermal efficiency, a reduction of nearly 10% in the NEDC is observed. However, no fuel penalty is spotted regarding the WLTC.

scholarly journals Effect of boosting system architecture and thermomechanical limits on diesel engine performance: Part II—transient operation

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 873-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Galindo ◽  
Hector Climent ◽  
Olivier Varnier ◽  
Chaitanya Patil
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Transient Operations ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays, internal combustion engine developments are focused on efficiency optimization and emission reduction. Increasing focus on world harmonized ways to determine the performance and emissions on Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure cycles, it is essential to optimize the engines for transient operations. To achieve these objectives, the downsized or downspeeded engines are required, which can reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. However, these technologies ask for efficient charging systems. This article consists of the study of different boosting architectures (single stage and two stage) with a combination of different charging systems like superchargers and e-boosters. A parametric study has been carried out with a zero-dimensional engine model to analyze and compare different architectures on the different engine displacements. The impact of thermomechanical limits, turbo sizes and other engine development option characterizations is proposed to improve fuel consumption, maximum power and performance of the downsized/downspeeded diesel engines during the transient operations.

scholarly journals Highest efficiency and ultra low emission – internal combustion engine 4.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Hubert FRIEDL ◽  
Günter Fraidl ◽  
Paul Kapus
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
And Performance

In the future, the simultaneous reduction of pollutant and CO2 emissions will require significantly enhanced powertrain functionalities that cannot only be adequately represented by the ICE (internal combustion engine) alone. Both automated transmissions and especially powertrain electrification can help to meet efficiently those extended requirements. The extended functionalities are no longer applied exclusively with the ICE itself ("Fully Flexible Internal Combustion Engine"), but distributed across the entire powertrain ("Fully Flexible Powertrain"). In addition, the powertrain will be fully networked with the vehicle environment and thus will utilize all data that are useful for emission and consumption-optimized operation of the ICE. Combustion engine and electrification often complement each other in a synergetic way. This makes it extremely sensible for the combustion engine to evolve in future from a "single fighter" to a "team player". If one compares the requirements of such an ICE with the definition of Industry 4.0, then there are extensive correspondences. Thus, it seems quite opportune to call such a fully networked combustion engine designed to meet future needs as “Internal Combustion Engine 4.0 (ICE 4.0)”. This even more so, as such a name can also be derived from the history: e.g. ICE 1.0 describes the combustion engines of the first mass-produced vehicles, ICE 2.0 the combustion engines emission-optimized since the 1960s and ICE 3.0 the highly optimized "Fully Flexible Combustion Engine", which currently offers a high torque and performance potential combined with low fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. In addition to further improvements in fuel consumption, the "Combustion Engine 4.0" offers such a low level of pollutant emissions that can best be described as "Zero Impact Emission". This means that such future ICE´s will no longer have a negative impact on the imission situation in urban areas. With the e-fuels topic, the ICE also has the potential to become both CO2- and pollutant-neutral in the medium and long term. This means that the ICE – also in passenger cars – will continue to be an essential and necessary cornerstone for future powertrain portfolios for the next decades.

scholarly journals Developing a General Methodology and Construct a Driving Cycle with an Economic Performance Evaluation for Basrah City

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.19) ◽  
pp. 939
Author(s):  
Haider S. Najem ◽  
Qahtan A. Jawad ◽  
Abdulbaki K. Ali ◽  
Basil S. Munahi
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Distance Analysis ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
The Social ◽  
Future Work

In this paper, a statistical method is employed to develop a driving cycle for Basrah city and to find out the factor score and the Euclidean distance analysis by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). A simple electronic system is built to construct the driving cycle, the system considered a microcontroller and a GPS sensor connected to a PC through a simple C++ code. The development of the proposed driving cycle represents the first model driving cycle in the city of Basra. The advisor software package is used to investigate the economic performance of the internal combustion engine based on HC, CO, and NOx exhaust emissions. It was found that the obtained driving cycle is significantly different than the other driving cycles in terms of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption and within the expected range of emissions. The developed driving cycle model obtained is a representative delicate estimation of the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption, and will be utilized for future work to obtain a good performance of the hybrid electric vehicles.  

The WLTC vs NEDC: A Case Study on the Impacts of Driving Cycle on Engine Performance and Fuel Consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 9071-9081
Author(s):  
Jakub Lasocki
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

The World-wide harmonised Light-duty Test Cycle (WLTC) was developed internationally for the determination of pollutant emission and fuel consumption from combustion engines of light-duty vehicles. It replaced the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) used in the European Union (EU) for type-approval testing purposes. This paper presents an extensive comparison of the WLTC and NEDC. The main specifications of both driving cycles are provided, and their advantages and limitations are analysed. The WLTC, compared to the NEDC, is more dynamic, covers a broader spectrum of engine working states and is more realistic in simulating typical real-world driving conditions. The expected impact of the WLTC on vehicle engine performance characteristics is discussed. It is further illustrated by a case study on two light-duty vehicles tested in the WLTC and NEDC. Findings from the investigation demonstrated that the driving cycle has a strong impact on the performance characteristics of the vehicle combustion engine. For the vehicles tested, the average engine speed, engine torque and fuel flow rate measured over the WLTC are higher than those measured over the NEDC. The opposite trend is observed in terms of fuel economy (expressed in l/100 km); the first vehicle achieved a 9% reduction, while the second – a 3% increase when switching from NEDC to WLTC. Several factors potentially contributing to this discrepancy have been pointed out. The implementation of the WLTC in the EU will force vehicle manufacturers to optimise engine control strategy according to the operating range of the new driving cycle.

Numerical and Experimental Study on the Impact of Mild Cold EGR on Exhaust Emissions in a Biodiesel Fueled Diesel Engine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Oliveira ◽  
Junfeng Yang ◽  
Jose Sodre
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Ratio Distribution ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This work evaluated the effect of cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on fuel consumption and pollutant emissions from a diesel engine fueled with B8 (a blend of biodiesel and Diesel 8:92%% by volume), experimentally and numerically. Experiments were carried out on a Diesel power generator with varying loads from 5 kW to 35 kW and 10% of cold EGR ratio. Exhaust emissions (e.g. THC, NOX, CO etc.) were measured and evaluated. The results showed mild EGR and low biodiesel content have minor impact of engine specific fuel consumption, fuel conversion efficiency and in-cylinder pressure. Meanwhile, the combination of EGR and biodiesel reduced THC and NOX up to 52% and 59%, which shows promising effect on overcoming the PM-NOX trade-off from diesel engine. A 3D CFD engine model incorporated with detailed biodiesel combustion kinetics and NOx formation kinetics was validated against measured in-cylinder pressure, temperature and engine-out NO emission from diesel engine. This valid model was then employed to investigate the in-cylinder temperature and equivalence ratio distribution that predominate NOx formation. The results showed that the reduction of NOx emission by EGR and biodiesel is obtained by a little reduction of the local in-cylinder temperature and, mainly, by creating comparatively rich combusting mixture.

scholarly journals Model-based estimation of light-duty vehicle fuel economy at high altitude

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 168781401988625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Hao ◽  
Chunjie Wang ◽  
Hang Yin ◽  
Chunxiao Hao ◽  
Haohao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle

In order to estimate the light-duty vehicle fuel economy at high-altitude areas, the coast-down tests of a passenger car on level road were conducted at different elevations, and the coast-down resistance coefficients were calculated. Furthermore, a fuel economy model for a light-duty vehicle adopting backward simulation method was developed, and it mainly consists of vehicle dynamic model, internal combustion engine model, transmission model, and differential model. The internal combustion engine model consists of the brake-specific fuel consumption maps as functions of engine torque and engine speed, and the brake-specific fuel consumption map near sea level was constructed based on engine experimental data, and the brake-specific fuel consumption maps at high altitudes were calculated by GT-Power Modeling of the internal combustion engine. The fuel consumption rate was calculated from the brake-specific fuel consumption maps and brake power and used to calculate the fuel economy of the light-duty vehicle. The model predicted fuel consumption data met well with the test results, and the model prediction errors are within 5%.

scholarly journals Driving Cycles Based on Fuel Consumption

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3064 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Huertas ◽  
Michael Giraldo ◽  
Luis Quirama ◽  
Jenny Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Driving Pattern ◽  
Relative Differences ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions

Type-approval driving cycles currently available, such as the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) and the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC), cannot be used to estimate real fuel consumption nor emissions from vehicles in a region of interest because they do not describe its local driving pattern. We defined a driving cycle (DC) as the time series of speeds that when reproduced by a vehicle, the resulting fuel consumption and emissions are similar to the average fuel consumption and emissions of all vehicles of the same technology driven in that region. We also declared that the driving pattern can be described by a set of characteristic parameters (CPs) such as mean speed, positive kinetic energy and percentage of idling time. Then, we proposed a method to construct those local DC that use fuel consumption as criterion. We hypothesized that by using this criterion, the resulting DC describes, implicitly, the driving pattern in that region. Aiming to demonstrate this hypothesis, we monitored the location, speed, altitude, and fuel consumption of a fleet of 15 vehicles of similar technology, during 8 months of normal operation, in four regions with diverse topography, traveling on roads with diverse level of service. In every region, we considered 1000 instances of samples made of m trips, where m varied from 4 to 40. We found that the CPs of the local driving cycle constructed using the fuel-based method exhibit small relative differences (<15%) with respect to the CPs that describe the driving patterns in that region. This result demonstrates the hypothesis that using the fuel based method the resulting local DC exhibits CPs similar to the CPs that describe the driving pattern of the region under study.

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