Detailed analysis and characterization of Subjective Assessment Indicators of manual and automated parking maneuvers

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110619
Author(s):  
Korbinian Scheck ◽  
Peter E Pfeffer ◽  
Bernhard Schick
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Lateral Acceleration ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Automatic Parking ◽  
Functional Components

This paper presents a detailed analysis and characterization of Subjective Assessment Indicators for evaluating manual as well as fully automatic parking maneuvers. Parking is a huge challenge for many drivers. With the introduction of autonomous driving, parking maneuver assistants are essential functional components. For the development of automatic parking assistants, a detailed characterization of a subjective evaluation is essential. The characterization analysis presented here is based on general Subjective Assessment Indicators, which cover the subjective overall performance of a parking maneuver on a customer-oriented level in as many facets as necessary. This paper shows meaningful characteristics of the individual Subjective Assessment Indicators validated in a driving study with 497 performed parking maneuvers. The study results reveal different degrees of intensity of the characterizations for the different driving maneuvers. Here, it is shown that the characterization of the Final Parking Position has different reference points for longitudinal and lateral parking maneuvers. Furthermore, it was shown that an additional characteristic “Driving-Off Behavior” is required for the evaluation of the Safety Feeling, but for Parking Comfort the “Lateral Acceleration” and for Dynamic Performance the “Distance Traveled” can be neglected. The characteristics described in this paper can be used for all parking maneuvers and vehicle types. It forms the basis for a complete evaluation and enables OEMs to apply their individual requirements in the development of parking assistants.

Threat of premature birth: psycho-social aspects

2016 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
S. Zhuk ◽  
◽  
O. Schurevska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Stress Load ◽  
Mandatory Participation

The objective: to study the psychological characteristics of women’s status in one of the most common complications of pregnancy - the threat of termination of pregnancy, depending on the level of stress load. Patients and methods. We have studied the psychological status (the Holmes-Rahe level of psychosocial stress, the Spielberg-Hanin level of anxiety, V.I.Dobryakov’s related to a pregnancy test, diagnosis of psychological defense mechanisms, assessment of quality of life) 60 pregnant women with threat of premature birth in the third trimester of pregnancy. Surveyed women were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included 30 pregnant women – forced migrant of Donetsk and Lugansk area and 2 group – 30 pregnant women who resided in Kiev. Results. At the same clinical picture of the threat of premature birth we detected discrepancy between the subjective assessment of their condition in women – forced migrants: a high level of situational and personal anxiety, decrease in physical (physical functioning, role-physical functioning) and psychological (social functioning, role emotional functioning) health, doubtful and pathological subtypes of gestational dominant. This creates prerequisites for complications of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum future period and requires the participation of psychologists in the work with this category of patients. Conclusion. So, revealed a discrepancy between the objective clinical signs similar obstetric pathology (on the example of threatened abortion) in pregnant women with different levels of stress load and their subjective evaluation of their condition that affects their psychological status. This should be reflected in individually tailored therapy and be mainstreamed into the work of obstetricians and gynecologists with these patients, and requires mandatory participation of psychologists in the work with this category of patients. Key words: pregnancy, the threat of premature birth, stress, psychological status.

MALAT1 as a Versatile Regulator of Cancer: Overview of the updates from Predatory role as Competitive Endogenous RNA to Mechanistic In-sights

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammad Ahmad Farooqi ◽  
Evangelia Legaki ◽  
Maria Gazouli ◽  
Silvia Rinaldi ◽  
Rossana Berardi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Individualized Medicine ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Oncogenic Signaling ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Oncogenic Signaling Pathways ◽  
Competitive Endogenous Rna

: Central dogma of molecular biology has remained cornerstone of classical molecular biology but serendipitous discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in nematodes paradigmatically shifted our current understanding of the intricate mech-anisms which occur during transitions from transcription to translation. Discovery of miRNA captured tremendous attention and appreciation and we had witnessed an explosion in the field of non-coding RNAs. Ground-breaking discoveries in the field of non-coding RNAs have helped in better characterization of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs). There is an ever-increasing list of miRNA targets which are regulated by MALAT1 to stimulate or repress expression of tar-get genes. However, in this review our main focus is to summarize mechanistic insights related to MALAT1-mediated regu-lation of oncogenic signaling pathways. We have discussed how MALAT1 modulated TGF/SMAD and Hippo pathways in various cancers. We have also comprehensively summarized how JAK/STAT and Wnt/β-catenin pathways stimulated MALAT1 expression and consequentially how MALAT1 potentiated these signaling cascades to promote cancer. MALAT1 research has undergone substantial broadening however, there is still a need to identify additional mechanisms. MALAT1 is involved in multi-layered regulation of multiple transduction cascades and detailed analysis of different pathways will be helpful in getting a step closer to individualized medicine.

Immunochemical Characterization of Setaria cervi Microfilarial Antigens Using Novel Antibodies

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 1263-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Kalani ◽  
Komal Kalani ◽  
Poonam Chaturvedi ◽  
Pankaj Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Adult Worm ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Setaria Cervi ◽  
Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Immune Rabbit

Background:Filariasis affects millions of people in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and is caused by nematode roundworm. In order to develop a vaccine and specific diagnostic tests, it is important to characterize different stages of the filarial worms. Microfilariae (Mf) stage of the roundworm is found in host’s blood or lymph vessels and can be important not only for developing better immunodiagnostics but also for understanding immune recognition and its relevance to immunepathogenesis and protective immunity.Objective:The present study aimed to immunocharacterize Mf and adult worm antigens that could be helpful in future diagnostic tests.Method:Four different immune sera against Setaria cervi intact live, intact live with adjuvant, intact glutaraldehyde fixed with adjuvant and total somatic Mf were prepared and used for the immunocharacterization of Mf antigens.Results:Our study results suggest that compared to fixed intact Mf, live intact Mf are more immunogenic, as the immune sera generated against intact live Mf showed high ELISA reactivity with Setaria cervi Mf and adult worm antigens. All the four immune sera IgG fractions had surface specificity as determined through considerable ELISA reactivity with S. cervi intact Mf. When tested under native conditions (immunoelectrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis), all the four immune rabbit sera were able to detect antigens of S. cervi Mf and adult stages.Conclusion:These results can be useful in detailed understanding of the complex nature of the Mf and adult antigens, which are prerequisites in the development of vaccine and more specific diagnostic tests.

Experimental Investigation of Laser Sintering of Conductive Adhesive for Functional Prototypes Produced by Embedding Stereolithography

2014 ◽  
Vol 1038 ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Bernd Niese ◽  
Philipp Amend ◽  
Uwe Urmoneit ◽  
Stephan Roth ◽  
Michael Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Damage ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Conductive Adhesive ◽  
Flexible Production ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Building Process ◽  
In Situ Generation ◽  
Functional Components

Embedding stereolithography (eSLA) is an additive, hybrid process, which provides a flexible production of 3D components and the ability to integrate electrical and optical conductive structures and functional components within parts. However, the embedding of conductive circuits in stereolithography (SLA) parts assumes usage of process technologies, which enables their direct integration of conductive circuits during the layer-wise building process. In this context, a promising method for in-situ generation of conductive circuits is dispensing of conductive adhesive on the current surface of the SLA part and its subsequent sintering. In this paper, the laser sintering (λ = 355 nm) of conductive adhesive mainly consisting of silver nanoparticles is investigated. The work intends to evaluate the curing behavior of the conductive adhesive, the beam-matter-interactions and the thermal damage of the SLA substrate. The investigations revealed a fast and flexible laser sintering process for the generation of conductive circuits with sufficient electrical conductivity and sufficient current capacity load. In this context, a characterization of the conductive structures is done by measuring their electrical resistance and their potential current capacity load.

Electromyographic and subjective evaluation of a wrist rest for VDT operators

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-257
Author(s):  
Erwin Keller ◽  
Helmut Strasser
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
Working Posture ◽  
Finger Touch ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Vdt Operators ◽  
Objectively Measured

This study assessed the effects of a wrist rest for VDT operators based on an experimental investigation. Muscular strain associated with the working posture was measured continuously via electromyographic activities (EA) of 8 muscle groups which were involved in the working tasks. The electromyographic measurements yielded a clear systematical effect of the wrist rest while entering text using the 10-finger touch system. Values of the EA, as an indicator of physiological cost were essentially lower with the wrist rest. Working without the wrist rest is at least two times more strenuous than working with it. The differences are statistically highly significant. Less positive and less consistent results were found while working on the prefixed mouse pad of the wrist rest. Considering the influence of the working aid on entering text, the results of the subjective assessment after the tests corresponded well with the objectively measured physiological data. Whereas the working aid for entering text was assessed quite positively overall, the integrated mouse pad earned a clearly negative rating.

scholarly journals An analysis of the objective and subjective evaluation of the results of surgical treatment of morbid obesity

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Valeriy Nikolaevich Egiev ◽  
Yuliya Borisovna Mayorova ◽  
Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Zorin ◽  
Anastasiya Vladimirovna Мелеshko ◽  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Orlovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Excess Body Weight

The results of surgical treatment of morbid obesity usually considers a variety of factors and the main attention is paid to the dynamics of body weight after surgery. It is generally accepted that in the absence of reducing excess body weight or with minimum weight loss (a few kilograms), the result is considered unsatisfactory. The aim of the work was to compare an objective assessment of gastric bypass (GBS) and gastric banding (GB) and the subjective evaluation of treatment effectiveness by patients themselves. The study included 457 (69.7%) patients that underwent GB and 198 (30.3%) patients after GBS. At the late postoperative period 243 patients (53.2%) were available after the GB and 112 (56.6%) patients after GBS. The frequency of matches between objective and subjective assessment of outcomes of surgery usually did not exceed 50%. Given this, there is a need for a comprehensive analysis of the results of bariatric surgery. Developed multicomponent scale allows to evaluate the effectiveness of any bariatric surgery.

CHARACTERIZATION OF PERIODIC CYLINDRICAL SUBSURFACE DEFECTS BY PULSED FLASH THERMOGRAPHY

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550032 ◽  
Author(s):  
GORAN DIKIĆ ◽  
LJUBIŠA TOMIĆ ◽  
VESNA DAMNJANOVIĆ ◽  
BOJAN MILANOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Flux ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Nonuniform Heating ◽  
Temperature Peak ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Temperature Contrast ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Subsurface Defects

A characterization of cylindrical periodic subsurface defects of different sizes by means of pulsed thermography is presented in the paper. To ensure a uniform thermal flux distribution, the test samples were heated in lab conditions using two photographic flashes. Surface temperature was intentionally recorded at an angle to the normal of the sample surface. Recorded temperatures were compared with simulated temperatures and the differences in temperature peak values and temperature peak positions were noted. The thermal image was transformed based on known positions of four noncollinear points, in order to cancel out errors resulting from image recording at an angle. The uniformity of surface heating and the effect of the positions of the defects on the results were tested by means of a simulation model. The positions did not affect defect characterization. It was also found that in spite of nonuniform heating, if the reference points were selected properly, the difference in temperature contrast was negligible.

Characterization of Defect Structures in SiC Single Crystals Using Synchrotron X-Ray Topography

1993 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wang ◽  
M. Dudley ◽  
C. Carter ◽  
D. Asbury ◽  
C. Fazit
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Basal Plane ◽  
Defect Structures ◽  
Dislocation Generation ◽  
Screw Dislocations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
White Beam

ABSTRACTSynchrotron white beam X-ray topography has been used to characterize defect structures in 6H-SiC wafers grown on (0001) seeds. Two major types of defects are observed: super screw dislocations approximately perpendicular to the basal plane and dislocation networks lying in the basal plane. The super screw dislocations, which have open cores, are growth dislocations. These dislocations act as sources and/or sinks for the glide dislocation networks. Detailed analysis and discussion of dislocation generation phenomena and Burgers vectors will be presented.

scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Oxyhydroxyapatites

2018 ◽  
Vol 762 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Liene Pluduma ◽  
Karlis Agris Gross ◽  
Christian Rey ◽  
Arnolds Ubelis ◽  
Astrida Berzina
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Absorption Line ◽  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Peak Shift ◽  
Ion Absorption ◽  
Hydroxyl Ion

The amount and alignment of hydroxyl ions influence the bioactivity of hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyl ions in hydroxyapatite are the most mobile and upon heating are the first to leave the lattice to form oxyhydroxyapatite. This work describes a method for producing hydroxyapatite with different amounts of hydroxyl ions, and reports on the changes in Fourier transform infrared absorption at increasing level of dehydroxylation. Detailed analysis of spectra in the 500 – 700 cm-1 range showed a peak shift for the hydroxyl ion absorption line at 632 cm-1 to 637 cm-1 and an increase in the wavenumber for the phosphate line at 575 cm-1.

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