scholarly journals Understanding the DSM-5: stasis and change

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Way

This paper aims to understand the DSM-5 through situating it within the context of the historical development of the DSM series. When one looks at the sets of diagnostic criteria, the DSM-5 is strikingly similar to the DSM-IV. I argue that at this level the DSM has become ‘locked-in’ and difficult to change. At the same time, at the structural, or conceptual, level there have been radical changes, for example in the definition of ‘mental disorder’, in the role of theory and of values, and in the abandonment of the multiaxial approach to diagnosis. The way that the DSM-5 was constructed means that the overall conceptual framework of the classification only barely constrains the sets of diagnostic criteria it contains.

Clinical significance, disability, and biomarkers: Shifts in thinking between DSM-IV and DSM-5

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
External World ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Made In

Proposals have been made in connection with ICD and DSM revisions to separate the concepts of mental disorder and of impairments in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The proposals are consistent with viewing disability as a social concept rather than a medical one. It is argued here on the basis of two main premises that mental disorder specifically cannot be conceptualized independently of social impairments. The first premise is that in general medicine the definition of disease essentially turns on impairments of normal function of an organ or system leading to poor outcomes. The second, compound premise is that one normal function of the central nervous system is the regulation of behaviour in the external world, and that this function is approximately the domain of the mental. The conclusion is drawn that mental disorder conceptually involves downturn in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

scholarly journals The Lay Concept of Conduct Disorder: Do Nonprofessionals Use Syndromal Symptoms or Internal Dysfunction to Distinguish Disorder from Delinquency?

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome C Wakefield ◽  
Stuart A Kirk ◽  
Kathleen J Pottick ◽  
Derek K Hsieh ◽  
Xin Tian
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
Clinical Vignettes ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Professional Judgments

Background: Conduct disorder (CD) must be distinguished from nondisordered delinquent behaviour to avoid false positives, especially when diagnosing youth from difficult environments. However, the nature of this distinction remains controversial. The DSM-IV observes that its own syndromal CD diagnostic criteria conflict with its definition of mental disorder, which requires that symptoms be considered a manifestation of internal dysfunction to warrant disorder diagnosis. Previous research indicates that professional judgments tend to be guided by the dysfunction requirement, not syndromal symptoms alone. However, there are almost no data on lay conceptualizations. Thus it remains unknown whether judgments about CD are anchored in a broadly shared understanding of mental disorder that provides a basis for professional–lay consensus. Objective: The present study tests which conception of CD, syndromal-symptoms or dysfunction-requirement, corresponds most closely to lay judgments of disorder or nondisorder and compares lay and professional judgments. We hypothesized that lay disorder judgments, like professional judgments, tend to presuppose the dysfunction requirement. Method: Three lay samples (nonclinical social workers, nonpsychiatric nurses, and undergraduates) rated their agreement that youths described in clinical vignettes have a mental disorder. All vignettes satisfied DSM-IV CD diagnostic criteria. Vignettes were varied to present syndromal symptoms only, symptoms suggesting internal dysfunction, and symptoms resulting from reactions to negative circumstances, without dysfunction. Results: All lay samples attributed disorder more often to youths whose symptoms suggested internal dysfunction than to youths with similar symptoms but without a likely dysfunction. Conclusions: The dysfunction requirement appears to reflect a widely shared lay and professional concept of disorder.

scholarly journals THE DSM-5 AND THE ROLE OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS UNDER THE CRIMINAL LAW

Obiter ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charnelle van der Bijl ◽  
Letitia Pienaar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Axial System

The DSM-5 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders was published in 2013. This manual replaced and significantly revised the former DSM IV-TR, as it abolishes the Multi-Axial system that distinguished between personality and otherdisorders, which system had an impact on the disorders that were considered legally significant from those that were not. Owing to its recent publication, the DSM-5 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, was not judicially considered in a criminal-law context. This article examines the role that personality disorders in the DSM-5 will play on the possible future of Criminal Law jurisprudential literature. Personality disorders are examined in the context of their classification, the definition of mental illness and pathological criminal incapacity. Possible solutions are suggested on how these mental disorders may be accommodated in the Criminal Law context.

An Examination of Women's Perspectives on Power

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Miller ◽  
A. Gaye Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Women’S Experiences ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Women's Experiences ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Personal Authority ◽  
Women’S Perceptions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Men's Experience ◽  
The Way

Historically, theoretical and popular conceptions about power have not included or addressed women's experiences. This study adds to the growing body of knowledge about women by examining women's perceptions of and relationship to power. One hundred twenty-five women, ranging in age from 21 to 63, were asked to define and explore power through a variety of structured and open-ended questions. The results showed that women's definition of power differed significantly from their perception of society's definition of power, as well as from the way power has traditionally been conceptualized. More theoretical and empirical attention should be given to understanding the role of personal authority in both women's and men's experience of power.

scholarly journals The ethics of teacher and learner at Mekdad Yalgen and its educational applications: أخلاقيات المعلم والمتعلم عند مقداد يالجن وتطبيقاتها التربوية

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hind Mohammed bin Abdullah Al Ahmad ◽  
Afnan bin Fahad bin Abdullah Al Rashed
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
Educational Thought ◽  
Educational Framework ◽  
Moral System ◽  
Educational Applications ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

This study, entitled "The Ethics of the Teacher and the Learner at Mekdad Yalgen and its Educational Applications," included four chapters in addition to the list of references. The study aimed to identify the cultural, social and educational framework that influenced educational ideas at Mekdad Yaljin, and on the first and the first principles which are the starting points of the study. And the ethics of the teacher and its educational applications at Mekdad Yalgen, the ethics of the learner and its educational applications at Mekdad Yalgen, and on the most prominent ways to promote the moral and moral learners at Mekdad Yalgen. Studying the need to conduct an educational intellectual study that shows the importance of teacher and learner ethics in educational thinkers. In the second chapter, it contains the conceptual framework and previous studies. The study covered the conceptual framework of Mekdad Yalgen, his birth, his stages, his education, his efforts and his scientific achievements, and the King Phil Award, and the most important factors influencing his educational idea. The researcher sought to follow the relevant studies in Yaljin and studies related to the ethics of the teacher and the learner. The third chapter deals with the general principles of educational thought at Mekdad Yalgen starting with the theory of knowledge of its concept and its dimensions. Then, it tackles the concept of human nature and its components, then the Islamic moral system, the definition of morality and the place of ethics. In the fourth chapter: the researcher dealt with the ethics of the teacher and learner at Mekdad Yalgen and its educational applications. Hali included the importance of moral education and the role of Islamic moral education in the building of the individual, society and human civilization, and also contained the ethics of the teacher and the learner and its educational applications at Mekdad Balgin.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LIFE OF THE REFORMED HOUSE MANAGEMENT IN THE WORKS OF A.N. ENGELGARDT AS A TOOL FOR SOLUTIONS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY

InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 131-148
Author(s):  
Lilia Sargu ◽  
Yulia Valeeva
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Village

Within the framework of the article, a study was conducted on the problem of the socio-economic life of the post-reform landowner economy in the works of A. N. Engelhardt. It was established how much the population is aware of the specifics of the historical development of post-reform Russia, what is the significance of the contribution of A. N. Engelhardt to the development of the village, in particular, the landlord economy, how strong, in the opinion of local residents, is the role of the memorial source «Letters from the Village» in modern agronomy how they see the concept of «mining» in modern realities, is their definition similar to the definition of the second half of the 19th century. Within the framework of the article, a study was conducted on the problem of socio-economic life of the post-reform landlord economy in the works of A. N. Engelhardt. It was established how much the population is aware of the specifics of the historical development of post-reform Russia, what is the significance of AN’s contribution. Engelhardt in the development of the village, in particular, the landlord economy, as, according to local residents, a strong role of the source memoir «Letters from village» in modern agriculture, as they see the concept of «practicing» in the current situation, is similar whether their definition with the definition of second half of the XIX century.

scholarly journals Fear of speaking: chronic anxiety and stammering

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Craig ◽  
Yvonne Tran
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Social Growth ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Chronic Anxiety

Stammering results in involuntary disruption of a person's capacity to speak. It begins at an early age and can persist for life for at least 20% of those stammering at 2 years old. Although the aetiological role of anxiety in stammering has not been determined, evidence is emerging that suggests people who stammer are more chronically and socially anxious than those who do not. This is not surprising, given that the symptoms of stammering can be socially embarrassing and personally frustrating, and have the potential to impede vocational and social growth. Implications for DSM–IV diagnostic criteria for stammering and current treatments of stammering are discussed. We hope that this article will encourage a better understanding of the consequences of living with a speech or fluency disorder as well as motivate the development of treatment protocols that directly target the social fears associated with stammering.

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