Influence of organoclay filler and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) on the properties of the low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/thermoplastic starch (TPS) blend

2020 ◽  
pp. 096739112097627
Author(s):  
Dalila Smail ◽  
Saliha Chaoui
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Dicumyl Peroxide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The Impact

In this study low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/thermoplastic starch (TPS)/nanoclay (O-Mt) nanocomposites were prepared by a melt blending process using a Brabender mixer. Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and nanoclay (O-Mt) were studied to improve interfacial adhesion and to obtain the various desired properties of the nanocomposites. The structure and properties of the materials were studied by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and by tensile and Izod impact tests. X-ray diffraction analysis of the nanocomposites showed that the characteristic peaks of the clay were shifted to the lower angles, indicating an intercalated structure in the presence of dicumyl peroxide (DCP). The TGA curve indicated an improvement in the thermal stability of the materials with the amount of silicate and DCP. The mechanical properties of the materials were improved as a consequence of the increase in phase adhesion which gave an improvement in crystallinity confirmed by DSC. In addition, the impact strength of the modified materials was improved compared to the original materials. A modification of morphology as well as roughness was demonstrated by SEM and AFM.

STUDIES ON SURFACE STRUCTURE, MORPHOLOGY AND COMPOSITION OF Co–W COATINGS ELECTRODEPOSITED WITH DIRECT AND PULSE CURRENT USING GLUCONATE BATH

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350006 ◽  
Author(s):  
PARTHASARATHI BERA ◽  
H. SEENIVASAN ◽  
K. S. RAJAM
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Pulse Current ◽  
Diffraction Field ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Dsc Studies ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Electrodeposited Coating

Co–W alloy coatings were deposited with direct current (DC) and pulse current (PC) electrodeposition methods using gluconate bath at pH5 and characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). DSC studies hint at the possibility of formation of metallic glasses. Detailed XPS studies of these alloy coatings have been carried out to compare elemental states and composition of Co and W in DC and PC electrodeposited alloys. DC-plated alloy has significant amount of Co and W metal along with their respective oxidized species. In contrast, mainly oxidized metals are present in the following layers of as-deposited coatings prepared with PC plating. Concentration of Co metal is observed to increase during sputtering, whereas there is no change in W6+ concentration. Microhardness measurement of all the Co–W coatings shows higher hardness compared to Co metal and 1:1 and 1:4 PC electrodeposited coatings show little higher hardness compared to 1:2 PC electrodeposited coating.

scholarly journals Tribo-Mechanical Properties of the Antimicrobial Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Nanocomposite with Hybrid ZnO–Vermiculite–Chlorhexidine Nanofillers

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2811
Author(s):  
Karla Čech Barabaszová ◽  
Sylva Holešová ◽  
Marianna Hundáková ◽  
Alena Kalendová
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Surface Topology ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Indentation Hardness ◽  
Low Density ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

Materials made from low-density polyethylene (LDPE) in the form of packages or catheters are currently commonly applied medical devices. Antimicrobial LDPE nanocomposite materials with two types of nanofillers, zinc oxide/vermiculite (ZnO/V) and zinc oxide/vermiculite_chlorhexidine (ZnO/V_CH), were prepared by a melt-compounded procedure to enrich their controllable antimicrobial, microstructural, topographical and tribo-mechanical properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that the ZnO/V and ZnO/V_CH nanofillers and LDPE interacted well with each other. The influence of the nanofiller concentrations on the LDPE nanocomposite surface changes was studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the surface topology and roughness were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effect of the ZnO/V nanofiller on the increase in indentation hardness (HIT) was evaluated by AFM measurements and the Vickers microhardness (HV), which showed that as the concentration of the ZnO/V nanofiller increased, these values decreased. The ZnO/V and ZnO/V_CH nanofillers, regardless of the concentration in the LDPE matrix, slightly increased the average values of the friction coefficient (COF). The abrasion depths of the wear indicated that the LDPE_ZnO/V nanocomposite plates exhibited better wear resistance than LDPE_ZnO/V_CH. Higher HV and HIT microhardness values were measured for both nanofillers than the natural LDPE nanocomposite plate. Very positive antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa after 72 h was found for both nanofiller types.

CHARACTERIZATION AND MICROHARDNESS OF ELECTRODEPOSITED Ni–W COATINGS OBTAINED FROM GLUCONATE BATH

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 1550011 ◽  
Author(s):  
PARTHASARATHI BERA ◽  
M. DINESH KUMAR ◽  
CHINNASAMY ANANDAN ◽  
C. SHIVAKUMARA
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Pulse Current ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Dsc Studies ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Different Temperatures

Ni – W alloy coatings are electrodeposited with direct and pulse current using gluconate bath at pH5. Effects of direct current (DC) and pulse current (PC) on structural characteristics of the coatings have been investigated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). EDXS shows that W contents are 13.3 and 12.6 at.% in DC and PC (10:40) Ni – W coatings, respectively. FESEM analysis exhibits the homogeneous coarse nodular morphology in DC plated deposits. DSC studies reveal that Ni – W coatings are thermally stable up to 400°C. XPS studies demonstrate that DC plated coating has significant amount of Ni and W in elemental form along with their respective oxidized species. In contrast, mainly oxidized metals are present in the as-deposited coatings prepared with PC plating. The microhardness of pulse current (100:400) deposited Ni – W coating is about 750 HK that is much higher than DC plated coating (635 HK). Heat treatment of the deposits carried out at different temperatures show a significant increase in microhardness which can be comparable with hard chromium coatings.

scholarly journals The influence of process conditions on the formation of thallium sulfide layers on polyethylene by the use of higher polythionic acid H2S33O6

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrida Bružaitė ◽  
Vitalijus Janickis
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Sulfur Concentration ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Sulfate Solutions ◽  
Sulfurization Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThallium sulfide layers of varying composition form on the surface of low-density polyethylene (PE) when the PE films have been sulfurized in a solution of higher polythionic acid H2S33O6, and then immersed in the alkaline solution of thallium (I) sulfate. The concentration of sulfur sorbed-diffused into PE surface increases with the increase of the sulfurization time and concentration of higher polythionic acid solution. The concentration of thallium in the Tlx Sy layers depends on the sulfur concentration sorbed-diffused into PE, the concentration, and temperature of thallium (I) sulfate solutions. By chemical analysis of the obtained sulfide layers it was determined that the values of x and y in the TlxSy layers varies in the intervals: 1xy2S2 were identified by X-ray diffraction analysis in thallium sulfide layers. Scanning Electron (SEM) and Atomic Force (AFM) microscopies were used to characterize surface morphology of thallium sulfide layers. The films deposited on the PE surface have a non-homogeneous structure, and consist of separated islands.

scholarly journals The Structural Characteristics of Collagen in Swim Bladders with 25-Year Sequence Aging: The Impact of Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4578
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng He ◽  
Liling Xie ◽  
Xiaoshan Zhang ◽  
Fan Lin ◽  
Xiaobo Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triple Helix ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Fiber Bundles ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The Impact

Aged swim bladders from the yellow drum (Protonibea diacanthus) are considered collagen-based functional food with extremely high market value. The structural integrity of collagen may be crucial for its biological functions. In the current study, swim bladders with 25-year-old sequences were collected and found to be basically composed of collagen. Then, thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR) were conducted to evaluate the integrity of the peptide chain and triple helix in the collagen. The structures of microfibers and fiber bundles were revealed with atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electrical microscopy (SEM), and optical spectroscopy. The collagens in the aged swim bladders were found to have similar thermal properties to those of fresh ones, but the relative content of the triple helixes was found to be negatively correlated with aging. The secondary structure of the remaining triple helix showed highly retained characteristics as in fresh swim bladders, and the microfibrils also showed a similar D-period to that of the fresh one. However, the fiber bundles displayed more compact and thick characteristics after years of storage. These results indicate that despite 25 years of aging, the collagen in the swim bladders was still partially retained with structures.

Investigation of the Effect of Uv-Assisted Oxidation and Nitridation of Hafnium Metal Films

2003 ◽  
Vol 780 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Essary ◽  
V. Craciun ◽  
J. M. Howard ◽  
R. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Grazing Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metal Thin Films ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Silicon Interface

AbstractHf metal thin films were deposited on Si substrates using a pulsed laser deposition technique in vacuum and in ammonia ambients. The films were then oxidized at 400 °C in 300 Torr of O2. Half the samples were oxidized in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from a Hg lamp array. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and grazing angle X-ray diffraction were used to compare the crystallinity, roughness, and composition of the films. It has been found that UV radiation causes roughening of the films and also promotes crystallization at lower temperatures.Furthermore, increased silicon oxidation at the interface was noted with the UVirradiated samples and was shown to be in the form of a mixed layer using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Incorporation of nitrogen into the film reduces the oxidation of the silicon interface.

Low Molecular Weight Microfibers with Light Sensing Properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-658
Author(s):  
Andrei Bejan ◽  
Dragos Peptanariu ◽  
Bogdan Chiricuta ◽  
Elena Bicu ◽  
Dalila Belei
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Light Sensing ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Compounds

Microfibers were obtained from organic low molecular weight compounds based on heteroaromatic and aromatic rings connected by aliphatic spacers. The obtaining of microfibers was proved by scanning electron microscopy. The deciphering of the mechanism of microfiber formation has been elucidated by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy measurements. By exciting with light of different wavelength, florescence microscopy revealed a specific optical response, recommending these materials for light sensing applications.

Nanocrystalline Solutions as Precursors to The Spray Deposition of Cdte Thin Films

1995 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Pehnt ◽  
Douglas L. Schulz ◽  
Calvin J. Curtis ◽  
Helio R. Moutinho ◽  
Amy Swartzlander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Cdte Nanoparticles ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Cdte Thin Films

ABSTRACTIn this article we report the first nanoparticle-derived route to smooth, dense, phase-pure CdTe thin films. Capped CdTe nanoparticles were prepared by injection of a mixture of Cd(CH3)2, (n-C8H17)3 PTe and (n-C8H17)3P into (n-C8H17)3PO at elevated temperatures. The resultant nanoparticles 32-45 Å in diameter were characterized by x-ray diffraction, UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. CdTe thin film deposition was accomplished by dissolving CdTe nanoparticles in butanol and then spraying the solution onto SnO2-coated glass substrates at variable susceptor temperatures. Smooth and dense CdTe thin films were obtained using growth temperatures approximately 200 °C less than conventional spray pyrolysis approaches. CdTe films were characterized by x-ray diffraction, UV-Vis spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy. An increase in crystallinity and average grain size as determined by x-ray diffraction was noted as growth temperature was increased from 240 to 300 °C. This temperature dependence of film grain size was further confirmed by atomic force microscopy with no remnant nanocrystalline morphological features detected. UV-Vis characterization of the CdTe thin films revealed a gradual decrease of the band gap (i.e., elimination of nanocrystalline CdTe phase) as the growth temperature was increased with bulk CdTe optical properties observed for films grown at 300 °C.

Frequency and Temperature Dependence of Dielectric Properties of Orthorhombic HoMnO3 Thin Films

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 427-431
Author(s):  
Ping Gao ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Wei Tian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Debye Model ◽  
Laser Deposition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Cole Diagram

Orthorhombic HoMnO3 films were prepared epitaxially on Nb-doped SrTiO3 single crystal substrates by using pulsed laser deposition technique. The films showed perfectly a-axis crystallographic orientations. X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the films. The complex dielectric properties were measured as functions of frequency (40 Hz~1 MHz) and temperature (80 K~300 K) with a signal amplitude of 50 mv. The respective dielectric relaxation peaks shifted to higher frequency as the measuring temperature increased, with the same development of real part of the complex permittivity. The cole-cole diagram was obtained according to the Debye model, and the effects of relaxation process were discussed.

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