Business Environment in Emerging Market Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-264
Author(s):  
Qian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Emerging Market Countries ◽  
Environment Index

The business environment of a country or region is an important measure of its economic soft power and an indicator of the strength of its governance. A good business environment attracts foreign investment, which emerging market countries in structural transformation are most concerned about. This article calculates and ranks the business environment index of the 30 emerging market countries (E30). It assesses the trend of the overall business environment and the contributing factors and conducts an empirical analysis of how business environment in these countries affects their economic development. The study shows that the business environment of the E30 countries is closely related to their economic development, albeit with prominent regional differences. Additionally, the quality of business environment is closely related to the strength of government regulation. In the last 5 years, the business environment of the E30 countries has improved in general, and closed the gap with the OECD countries, with Asian countries demonstrating the most conspicuous improvement. Empirical results show that the overall score of the business environment has a significantly positive effect on economic development. Lastly, based on a systematic analysis of the business environment of the E30 countries, the article summarizes the findings and makes projections about future development.

scholarly journals Systematic Analysis of Literature on the Marketing of Healthcare Systems. Challenges for Russian and Romanian Healthcare Systems

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
Vladimir Bulatnikov ◽  
Cristinel Petrişor Constantin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Funds Allocation ◽  
New Perspective

This paper aims at finding the most dominant ideas about the marketing of healthcare systems highlighted in the mainstream literature, with a focus on Russia and Romania. To reach this goal, a systematic analysis of literature was conducted and various competitive advantages and disadvantages of the medical models that require special attention from the governments are considered. In this respect we examined 106 papers published during 2006 to 2020 found on four scientific databases. They were selected using inclusion and exclusion criteria according to PRISMA methodology. The main findings of the research consist of the opportunity to use marketing tools in order to improve the quality of healthcare systems in the named countries. Thus, using market orientation, the managers of healthcare systems could stimulate the innovation, the efficiency of funds allocation and the quality of medical services. The results will lead to a better quality of population life and to an increasing of life expectancy. As this paper reviews some articles from Russian literature, it can add a new perspective to the topic. These outcomes have implications for government, business environment, and academia, which should cooperate in order to develop the healthcare system using marketing strategies.

Economic Structural Transformation in Emerging Market Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 097491012110046
Author(s):  
Kunling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Trade Structure ◽  
Emerging Market Countries

This article analyzes the structural transformation in 30 emerging market countries (E30) on the dimensions of industry, trade, and urbanization. It finds that first, in the agricultural sector, E30 have contributed greatly to the increase of the global agricultural productivity and the transfer of labor force from the agricultural sector to industry or the service sector. However, these countries still feature a high percentage of agricultural employment, which means there is vast room for shifting the agricultural labor force. Second, in the industrial sector, E30 have made remarkable contributions to the world’s industrial development but have also displayed a trend of premature “deindustrialization.” Third, the service sector has picked up speed and gradually turned into a new driver of economic development in E30. Against this backdrop, E30 face the major challenge of how to cope with the premature deindustrialization and smoothly shift the economic growth engine from the industrial sector to the service sector. Fourth, E30 have become an important force in the world trade, with their trade structure switching from simple, primary, low-value-added goods to sophisticated, high-grade, and high-value-added goods and services. However, some emerging market countries are more susceptible to the impacts of the anti-globalization trend because of their high reliance on foreign trade and improper trade structure. Therefore, how to diversify the economy and enhance its economic resilience holds the key to the sustainable economic development of E30. Fifth, E30 have contributed greatly to world urbanization. As urbanization relies more on the service sector than on the industrial sector, it is vital to properly strike a balance between industrialization and urbanization, and between industrialization and service sector development.

scholarly journals TRENDS OF HUMAN CAPITAL ACCUMULATION IN UKRAINE DURING THE PERIOD OF INDEPENDENCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Oksana Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The article is devoted to the characteristics of trends in the accumulation of human capital in Ukraine over the period of independence. The purpose of the article is to study the key factors that caused the existing trends in the accumulation of human capital during the period of independence of Ukraine. The novelty of the study lies in the application of a systematic approach to establishing the influence of the main factors on the accumulation of human capital in the country over the past twenty years.The expediency of the study of factors that directly affect the course of the processes of accumulating human capital at regional and national levels has been substantiated. The relationship between the quality of life of the population, the socio-economic development of the country and the volume of human capital has been established.The conditions (the number and structure of the current population; the number of live births and deaths per year and per 1000 people of the population; natural population decline, the number of marriages registered per year; total annual fertility rate, average life expectancy at birth), typical for Ukraine at the time of its independence in 1991, in the dynamics of demographic and socio-economic processes in Ukraine during the period of its independence have been analyzed.The tendencies that have been achieved by Ukraine in the nineteen years of independence in the field of socio-economic development, such as: the annual decline in the population and the total fertility rate; an increase in the mortality rate of the population; drop in GDP per capita and human development index are established. The key aspects of stabilizing the situation in the field of human capital accumulation in Ukraine, which should be based on the intensive development of the business environment, improving the quality of education, and comprehensive social protection of the population, have been substantiated.

Foreign Investment, Institutional Quality, Public Expenditure, and Activity of Venture Capital Funds in Emerging Market Countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernán Herrera-Echeverri ◽  
Jerry Haar ◽  
Juan Benavides Estevez-Bretón
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Emerging Market Countries ◽  
Level Of Significance

This paper empirically analyzes the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI), institutional quality, and the size of a government on venture capital (VC) activity. We conclude that institutional quality, FDI, and public spending have definitive importance as elements for the development of a public policy that increases the quantity and quality of VC fund (VCF) investment. Higher institutional quality, greater FDI, and lower public spending allow the volume of VCF investment to grow. FDI shows a higher level of significance in promoting investment in high-tech companies, and institutional quality increases the productivity of FDI investment in the generation of VCF. Government spending dramatically and (counter-intuitively) adversely affects the activities of VCF. Notably, the higher the institutional quality of a country, the less state intervention is required to promote investment of VCF. The results are consistent with the hypothesis of the FDI spillover and crowding out by public spending.

scholarly journals Quality of urban space as a factor of Almaty’s sustainable economic development

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
N. K. Nurlanova ◽  
F. G. Alzhanova ◽  
Z. T. Satpayeva
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Universal System ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Sustainable Economic Development ◽  
The City

In Kazakhstan, in recent years, there has been an intensification of urbanization processes due to the uncontrolled migration of rural population to cities. In this regard, there arise the number of problems related to ensuring the quality of life in cities.The purpose of this article is to assess the quality of urban space and its role in sustainable economic development on Almaty example. When assessing the quality of space in Almaty’s districts, there were calculated the groups of indicators that reflect the basic characteristics of a modern city: safety, comfort, ecology, diversity, modernity, business environment, quality of life, social development and human capital. Data from open sources were used: Department of statistics of Almaty, Committee on legal statistics and special accounts of the General prosecutor’s office of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Department of emergency situations of Almaty.The study concluded that the spatial development of Almaty is uneven. Four types of territories were identified in the city structure: the historic center, integrated with the adjoining business center; microdistricts of mass housing development (sleeping areas); old areas of low-rise buildings and private households; new annexed areas that are characterized by unregulated individual housing construction. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that the quality of urban space is an important factor in the sustainable economic development of the city, in particular business.It was also concluded that it is necessary to develop a universal system of urban development indicators for use on an ongoing basis by representatives of business and the Akimat of Almaty in order to more fully identify the problems of urban space development, develop and implement strategic plans for the city’s development, as well as urban researchers.

Evaluation of the quality of anti Tuberculosis drugs in Lusaka, Zambia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lungwani Muungo
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Emerging Market Countries ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
The World

Background: Counterfeit and substandardmedicines are a threat to health and the risks theypose have been largely underestimated to date.Almost all areas of the world are affected by theavailability of substandard and counterfeitmedicines, but mounting evidence shows that theproblem is disproportionately severe in developingand emerging market countries, which also have ahigh burden of infectious diseases. In poorcountries, essential and life-saving drugs used totreat infectious diseases such as tuberculosis andmalaria are often the drugs under threat.

Industrial Recruitment And Economic Development: A Positional Analysis Of Competing Southeastern States

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1143
Author(s):  
Troy A. Festervand
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Perceptual Mapping ◽  
Positional Analysis ◽  
Industrial Real Estate ◽  
The Ideal

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; text-align: justify; mso-pagination: none;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">In this study of industrial recruitment and economic development, perceptual mapping was used to identify the collective and individual positions of 10 competing southeastern states.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The perceived position of the "ideal" state also was captured by the study's findings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Industrial real estate executives who were surveyed indicated that some states have positioned themselves strategically in terms of quality of life, whereas others are recognized because of their resources and markets or pro-business environment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some states appear better able to take advantage of their position, whereas others face economic development obstacles.</span></span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>

scholarly journals State reform in the Russian Federation at the present stage: challenges and threats

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 02015
Author(s):  
Maria Ivanovna Rosenko ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Skrebets ◽  
Sergey Andreevich Zaporozhets ◽  
Svetlana Vitalievna Golikova ◽  
Bladimir Denis Rivera Siles
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Administrative Reform ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
State Reform ◽  
Public Control ◽  
Legal Method

The purpose of the study is to identify the content of modern administrative reform and the characteristics of its impact on the quality and efficiency of public administration in Russia. The methodological basis of the study includes the dialectical, systemic, comparative historical and comparative legal approaches. The formal legal method, methods of data collection, analysis of secondary data, methods of analysis, induction, legal comparative studies were also used herein. The results of the study showed that state reform, contributing to a successful democratic transition to a developed social and legal state, is implemented by eliminating excessive centralization of state power, creating conditions for business development, removing excessive government interference and administrative barriers, ensuring competition and countering corruption. The introduction of criteria for the effectiveness of performance evaluation, monitoring and public control of the state apparatus contributes to real public control. Based on the results of the study, priority trends in the deployment of modern state reform were identified and the author’s recommendations for its further improvement were formulated. Moreover, it was noted that the central directions of improving the system of public administration, in which systematic work is being carried out are the reduction of excessive government regulation; improving the quality of public services; increasing the efficiency of government bodies; increasing information transparency, overcoming corruption. The novelty of the work lies in the identified features of the political and administrative culture of Russia in the context of its constructive influence on the nature of modern administrative reform. Moreover, it includes the implementation of a systematic analysis of the modern Russian administrative reform and a comprehensive assessment of its results, consisting not only in improving the quality of public services provided to the population, but also in strengthening the vertical of executive power. Proposals have been developed to improve the organizational and legal mechanisms of state reform.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality in Cilutung Watershed

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 06004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oktariani Alvira ◽  
Kusratmoko Eko ◽  
Kuswantoro
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Contributing Factors

Water is very valuable resources that provide people and other living things. Besides the need for water for drinking, water resources play an important role in such as livestock, fisheries, water for irrigation and water recreation. However, water quality of the rivers may degrade due to the variation of land use as human activities increase. Cilutung watershed is dominated by the agricultural land use which in many studies shows that agricultural land use has a great impact on river deterioration. It does not affect only the physicochemical of water, the excessive amount of nutrient may harm the biotic ecosystem. The purpose of this study was assessing water quality of the rivers in Cilutung Watershed and the contributing factors using physicochemical and biological parameters. According to ANOVA and PPM calculations, water quality was affected by land use spatially and river discharge temporally. The overall results showed that the rivers were categorized as slightly polluted referring to WQI, BMWP, and Saprobic Index. In general, all water quality parameters measured in Cilutung watershed met water quality standard Class III as stipulated in Indonesia Government Regulation No. 82/2001. Therefore, water sources were still acceptable for fisheries, animal husbandry, and water for irrigation.

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