The emergence of a New European Labour Policy regime: Continuity and change since the euro crisis

2021 ◽  
pp. 102452942110310
Author(s):  
Felix Syrovatka
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
New Labour ◽  
Euro Crisis ◽  
European Level ◽  
Policy Regime ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
Labour Policy ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
The Eu

The architecture of European labour policy has changed in the past years of the euro crisis and its management. While in the pre-crisis phase EU labour policy still had a mainly symbolic character, the EU crisis management gave it a much more binding character. The article analyses the continuities and shifts in European labour policy against the background of austerity and crisis policy arguing that a new labour policy complex was able to emerge at the European level. While institutional shifts were considerable, the market-liberal orientation of labour policy remained in place. However, it was radicalized with the resilience approach. The article therefore provides an overview of the continuity and change of European labour policy in the euro crisis on the basis of institutional and discursive shifts.

Democracy, Legitimacy, and Accountability in Euro Crisis Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-151
Author(s):  
Menelaos Markakis
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Euro Crisis ◽  
National Parliaments ◽  
Social Legitimacy ◽  
Democratic Control ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
Horizontal And Vertical Distribution ◽  
The Eu

This chapter looks at democracy, legitimacy, and accountability in Euro crisis management. It looks at the main critiques of the EU’s response to the crisis. It will be shown that scholars in this area castigate the EMU governance framework for its shortcomings in terms of input, output, and social legitimacy. The chapter makes the case for increased democratic controls and intense inter-institutional dialogue in the functioning of the EMU. It demonstrates how the crisis-induced developments have impacted on the horizontal and vertical distribution of power in the EU and the Member States. First, more powers were conferred on the Commission, Council, and Eurogroup in the measures enacted to combat the crisis. Though the European Parliament was heavily involved in norm production and had a pretty good strike rate in getting its amendments included in the final legislation, its role in policy implementation remains minimal. Second, the EU legislature put much of its reforming faith in a new recruit to strengthen democratic control in the EMU—the national parliaments. The crisis-induced legal and economic developments have circumscribed their budgetary sovereignty in many ways, but the newly enacted rules also serve to empower them vis-à-vis the executive. Third, the de facto division between borrower and lender states might have a bearing on the intra-institutional balance of power in the EU, and the emerging patterns of geographical fragmentation threaten the unity of the EU-28. The chapter set outs concrete proposals on how to enhance transparency and accountability in the EMU.

Recent Industrial Relations Developments in the United Kingdom: Continuity and Change under New Labour 1997-2005

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Nash
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
New Labour ◽  
Labour Government ◽  
International Context ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The Uk

This article reviews the achievements of the first two terms of the New Labour government in the UK over the period 1997-2005. It analyses the legislative programme in the areas of individual and collective employment regulation and the promotion of partnership. The article argues that whilst there have been developments in the areas of extending employee protections and granting unions a statutory recognition procedure, much of the legislative framework of the previous Conservative administrations has remained unchanged. The achievements of the Labour government are placed in an international context and the relative merits of the ‘Europeanization’ and ‘Americanization’ theses are explored. The article concludes with the assessment that far from marking a radical break with the past, Labour’s Industrial Relations programme lacks consistency and coherence.

The past, present and future of food consumption databases

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (43) ◽  
pp. 1692-1700
Author(s):  
Viktória Szűcs ◽  
Erzsébet Szabó ◽  
Diána Bánáti
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Food Consumption Data ◽  
International Projects ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
The Eu

Results of the food consumption surveys are utilized in many areas, such as for example risk assessment, cognition of consumer trends, health education and planning of prevention projects. Standardization of national consumption data for international comparison is an important task. The intention work began in the 1970s. Because of the widespread utilization of food consumption data, many international projects have been done with the aim of their harmonization. The present study shows data collection methods for groups of the food consumption data, their utilization, furthermore, the stations of the international harmonization works in details. The authors underline that for the application of the food consumption data on the international level, it is crucial to harmonize the surveys’ parameters (e.g. time of data collection, method, number of participants, number of the analysed days and the age groups). For this purpose the efforts of the EU menu project, started in 2012, are promising. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1692–1700.

The European Union’s Policy towards its Eastern Neighbours: The Crisis in Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsiana Shaban
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
European Neighbourhood Policy ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
External Governance ◽  
Institutional Challenges ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

The European Union’s neighbourhood is complex and still far from being stable. In Ukraine, significant progress has occurred in many areas of transition; however, much work remains to be done, especially in the field of regional development and governance where many legacies of the Soviet model remain. At the crossroads between East and West, Ukraine presents an interesting case of policy development as an expression of European Union (EU) external governance. This paper asks the question: why was the relationship between the EU and Ukraine fairly unsuccessful at promoting stability in the region and in Ukraine? What was missing in the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) in Ukraine that rendered the EU unable to prevent a conflict on the ground? By identifying security, territorial, and institutional challenges and opportunities the EU has faced in Ukraine, this paper underlines the most important factors accounting for the performance of its external governance and crisis management in Ukraine.   Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v12i2.1310

Epilogue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Schütze
Keyword(s):  
Internal Market ◽  
Positive Answer ◽  
The Past ◽  
Output Legitimacy ◽  
The Eu

Can the judicial creation of the EU internal market be justified? A famous—positive—answer has, in the past, been suggested by Miguel Maduro’s We the Court; and the first section explores the credentials of his ‘majoritarian activism’ thesis. The second section surveys alternative forms of legitimacy, such as ‘output legitimacy’ and ‘messianic legitimacy’, but it also offers a new Kantian approach to the legitimacy question.

Shock or Design: What Drives Fiscal De/Centralization? A Comparative Analysis of Twenty-Nine OECD Countries, 1995–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Tobias Arnold ◽  
Sean Mueller ◽  
Adrian Vatter
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Political System ◽  
Multidimensional Approach ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fiscal Centralization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Active Policy

Abstract Over the past decades, decentralization has become the new paradigm in how states should organize power territorially. Carefully planned institutional re-designs are the most visible expression thereof. Yet the Great Recession of 2007–2009 has pushed governments into the opposite direction, i.e., towards centralization, to better weather the fiscal drought. Given these contradictory developments, this article compares the effects of twenty-three separate state reforms with the impact of the Great Recession on fiscal centralization in twenty-nine countries over more than two decades. In the main, our analyses attribute a larger effect to design, i.e., pro-active policy making through reforms, than reactive crisis management after a great shock. However, this difference is only apparent once we consider a state’s institutional structure, that is whether a political system is unitary or federal. Our findings thus highlight the need for a multidimensional approach to better understand the drivers of fiscal de/centralization.

scholarly journals Metaphors of migration over time

2021 ◽  
pp. 095792652199215
Author(s):  
Charlotte Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Emigration And Immigration ◽  
Emigrants And Immigrants ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perception Of Control ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Metaphor Use ◽  
The Uk

This paper aims to cast light on contemporary migration rhetoric by integrating historical discourse analysis. I focus on continuity and change in conventionalised metaphorical framings of emigration and immigration in the UK-based Times newspaper from 1800 to 2018. The findings show that some metaphors persist throughout the 200-year time period (liquid, object), some are more recent in conventionalised form (animals, invader, weight) while others dropped out of conventionalised use before returning (commodity, guest). Furthermore, we see that the spread of metaphor use goes beyond correlation with migrant naming choices with both emigrants and immigrants occupying similar metaphorical frames historically. However, the analysis also shows that continuity in metaphor use cannot be assumed to correspond to stasis in framing and evaluation as the liquid metaphor is shown to have been more favourable in the past. A dominant frame throughout the period is migrants as an economic resource and the evaluation is determined by the speaker’s perception of control of this resource.

scholarly journals The Biosimilar Landscape: An Overview of Regulatory Approvals by the EMA and FDA

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Ioana Gherghescu ◽  
M. Begoña Delgado-Charro
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Patient Access ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Improve Patient ◽  
The Eu

Biosimilar medicines expand the biotherapeutic market and improve patient access. This work looked into the landscape of the European and US biosimilar products, their regulatory authorization, market availability, and clinical evaluation undergone prior to the regulatory approval. European Medicines Agency (EMEA, currently EMA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) repositories were searched to identify all biosimilar medicines approved before December 2019. Adalimumab biosimilars, and particularly their clinical evaluations, were used as a case study. In the past 13 years, the EMA has received 65 marketing authorization applications for biosimilar medicines with 55 approved biosimilars available in the EU market. Since the first biosimilar approval in 2015, the FDA has granted 26 approvals for biosimilars with only 11 being currently on the US market. Five adalimumab biosimilars have been approved in the EU and commercialized as eight different medicines through duplicate marketing authorizations. Whilst three of these are FDA-approved, the first adalimumab biosimilar will not be marketed in the US until 2023 due to Humira’s exclusivity period. The EU biosimilar market has developed faster than its US counterpart, as the latter is probably challenged by a series of patents and exclusivity periods protecting the bio-originator medicines, an issue addressed by the US’s latest ‘Biosimilar Action Plan’.

Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings & Buildings Built with Industrialized Technology: The Case of Hungary

2016 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 469-476
Author(s):  
Attila Talamon ◽  
Viktória Sugár ◽  
Ferenc Pusztai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Structure ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Zero Energy Buildings

There is an urgent need nowadays to reduce current levels of GHGs emissions. On the other hand the EU countries are largely dependent on energy imports and are vulnerable to disruption in energy supply which may in turn threaten the functioning of their current economic structure. The EU imported 54% of its energy sources in 2006 and this value was projected to increase even further by 2030. Reducing its import dependency is one of the EU’s main goals of the 20-20 by 2020 target – this legislative package is believed to reduce the expected imports of energy by 26% compared to the development before the 20-20 initiative.One of the most important environmental problems is the energy consumption of the buildings. Current paper shows that buildings built with industrialized technology can deliver large energy and GHG emission reductions at low costs.Only 1-2% part of the building stock is exchanged every year, so it is very important to increase the energy efficiency of the existing buildings, too.Present paper focuses on the buildings built with industrialized technology only, and their potential in nearly zero-energy buildings sector. Up till now the Central European support schemes concentrated most financial resources on buildings built with prefabricated technology. Present paper explains the past and present of the “panel” problem in Hungary with a short outlook to some other countries.

‘Latino Gentrification’?: Focusing on Physical and Socioeconomic Patterns of Change in Latin American Inner Cities

Urban Studies ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 2085-2107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Inzulza-Contardo
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Inner Cities ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socioeconomic Patterns

Although gentrification is an accepted process nowadays around the globe, little debate is found in the Latin American context—particularly, when considering that 70 per cent of this continent is urbanised and that major physical and socioeconomic changes have been observed in its historical neighbourhoods in the past 20 years. This paper focuses on the continuity and change that Santiago, Chile, has shown in recent decades. Empirical data are provided to reflect both the physical and socioeconomic patterns of change that have modified the urban morphology and the social capital of Santiago’s inner city. Furthermore, by selecting Bellavista—one of the oldest inner-city neighbourhoods of Santiago—this paper draws conclusions about how specific urban regeneration strategies can promote gentrification and then links them with wider patterns of ‘Latino gentrification’.

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