scholarly journals The effect of computerisation on the wage share in United Kingdom workplaces

2021 ◽  
pp. 103530462110487
Author(s):  
Nicola Pensiero
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Computer Usage ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Employment Relations ◽  
Work Effort ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Wage Share ◽  
Professional Employees ◽  
Main Production ◽  
The Stability

This historical paper analyses the distributional consequences of computerisation on the wage share of income in United Kingdom (UK) workplaces in the first decade of this century. The reasons why computerisation might increase a firm’s income but reduce the share assigned to wages are still not well understood. The uniquely rich Workplace Employment Relations Survey (WERS) 2004–2011 includes firm-level measures of the main production inputs and outputs, and thus allows an analysis of the main mechanisms through which increased computer usage influenced the wage share of income in UK workplaces over this period. This analysis shows that the proportion of employees using computers impacted the wage share in ways that were at odds with two mainstream views: that computers complement capital, and that labour can be easily replaced by capital. The results show that the proportion of employees using computers reduced the wage share by disproportionally increasing the productivity of the least skilled employees, who were not proportionally compensated for their increase in productivity. The stability of the wage share, over the period of interest, is explained by the rise in a workplace’s share of professional employees and by a rise in work effort. This positive contribution to the wage share was counteracted by an increased share of employees using computers and by a reduction in the share of employees whose pay was negotiated by unions, thereby contributing to a decline in the wage share of firm income. JELcode J31

Preservative or Transformative? Theorizing the U.K. Constitution Using Comparative Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-440
Author(s):  
Jo Eric Khushal Murkens
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
The State ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Multilevel Systems ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Comparative Constitutional Law ◽  
The Stability

Abstract The complexities of the United Kingdom’s decision to withdraw from the European Union while simultaneously honoring its prior commitments to its decentralized, autonomous, and constituent regions have put constitutional questions back on the map. The dominant approach analyzes these questions premised on the “preservative” view of the constitution. This view prioritizes the stability and continuity of the institutions in Westminster (Parliament) and Whitehall (central executive). However, the preservative view of the constitution is theoretically and practically deficient as it cannot give an account of the multipolar and decentralized developments of the past twenty years. Another interpretation regards the legal and political changes to the constitution as “transformative.” This view accentuates the fragility of the U.K. constitution due to a plurality of constitutional rules and the ongoing processes of devolution of powers within multilevel systems of government. This Article discusses that evolution of the U.K. constitution through the prism of comparative constitutional law and its appropriate methodology. The preservative model of the constitution favors a universalist method, whereas the transformative model requires a contextualist method. I argue that the experience of supranational (European Union) and infranational (devolution) power sharing has fundamentally altered the United Kingdom’s central constitutional concepts. To stabilize its fragmentary forces, the United Kingdom needs to adopt concepts that reflect the state as divided, the constitution as transitional, sovereignty as an attribute of the state rather than Parliament, and democracy as conflicted. Nothing less than the future of the United Kingdom as a state is at stake.

The Perceived Role of Psychology in the Initial Training of Christian Ministers of Religion in the United Kingdom

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie J. Francis ◽  
Mandy Robbins
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Initial Training ◽  
Ministry Training ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Detailed Questionnaire

A detailed questionnaire was mailed to all institutions involved in the initial training of Christian ministers of religion within the United Kingdom. The 95 completed replies represent an 85% response rate. The data suggest that, although few full-time ministry educators possess a recognized qualification in psychology, the climate is generally favorable to psychology within programs of initial ministry training. The data also distinguish between four different levels on which psychology may contribute to such programs: areas given high priority in initial ministry training and in which psychology is already perceived as making an important contribution; areas given middle ranking priority and in which psychology is perceived as making an important contribution; areas to which psychology is seen as making a very positive contribution but which are perceived as being of little importance in initial ministry training; and areas given high priority but in which psychology is perceived as having little to offer. Suggestions are offered for the promotion of psychology on these different levels.

The culture of consumption

Scene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Christine White
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Stem Learning ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Cultural Sector

Abstract The creative and cultural arts sector in the United Kingdom, most often termed the 'arts and cultural industries' in 2011 had a turnover of £12.4 billion published in Create Arts Council England. The Centre for Economic and Business Research (CEBR) stated that the arts and cultural industry in 2016 was responsible for £21.2 billion direct turnover, which involved 137,250 jobs. This sector pays 5% more than the UK median salary and so makes a positive contribution to an average household. This industry also plays an important role in supporting wider commercial activity. This includes tourism spend estimated as £856 million and this includes film production advertising, design and crafts all of which is also showcased overseas. In addition, this sector's work is seen to have a wider benefit for health and wellbeing. For example, those who attended a cultural place or event in the preceding twelve months were 60% more likely to report good health and in terms of spend, people valued being in an audience for the arts as they spent £2000 a year on events, which is more than for sport, as cited in the Arts Council England report of 2014. The continued need for reports and advocacy for the value of the arts and how that value should be ascribed is frustrating as there is a continued and pervasive sense that these areas are still of less value when compared with STEM learning and industrial activity, yet there are an estimated 89,000 jobs in museums, galleries and libraries and 296,000 jobs in music, performing and visual arts. In 2018, the number of jobs in the creative industries sector stood at just over two million, an increase of 1.6% from 2017. The sector accounted for 6.2% of UK jobs in 2018. The number of jobs in the creative industries has increased by 30.6% from 2011: three times the growth rate of employment in the United Kingdom overall (10.1%) (Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport [DCMS] 2018). The cultural sector had a workforce of 659,000, a fall of 2.1% from 674,000 in 2017 (a record number). The sector accounted for 2.0% of all UK jobs in 2018. Since 2011, the cultural sector workforce has grown by 21.0%.All of these sectors do not include tourism; however, we know that when people are tourists, they are doing and seeing stuff which is most often in the realm of cultural and creative sector developed activity. Across Europe and by their different methodologies of definition of the cultural sector, defined anyone employed in an economic sector defined as 'cultural', irrespective of whether they are employed in a cultural occupation and all persons with occupations relating to culture are included, even if the people concerned are employed in non-cultural sectors ‐ the number is 8.7 million people (European Union Labour Force Survey: EU-LFS).

Divergence on Chinese 5G strains 'Five Eyes' alliance

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Market Share ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Intelligence Sharing ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Eu

Subject Outlook for the Five Eyes alliance. Significance The stability of the Five Eyes intelligence sharing partnership between Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States is under stress over Chinese participation in the members’ 5G telecommunications networks. Impacts Possible US concessions on the supply chains of Chinese firms would ease strain within the Five Eyes alliance. European corporates will redouble efforts to burnish their security credentials to capture 5G market share. London’s eventual decision on Huawei will influence the EU and Asian democracies.

The Attempts of Raffles to Establish A British Base in South-East Asia, 1818–1819

1960 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Tay
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
New Kingdom ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
The Stability

In the year 1814, Great Britain, recuperating from the effects of the Napoleonic Wars and anxious to protect itself against another outbreak of “Revolutionary Madness”, determined to restore the balance of power in Europe. To this end, it turned its attention towards the problem of rebuilding a strong and united Kingdom of Holland. Because the stability of this new Kingdom depended on the prosperity it could derive from its colonial possessions, Britain restored to it, by the Anglo-Dutch Convention of 1814, all the factories and establishments which Holland had possessed in the Eastern Seas at the commencement of 1803. These were Java and its dependencies, Celebes and the smaller islands situated in the Straits of Macassar, the Moluccas, Malacca on the Malay Peninsula, and various establishments on the island of Sumatra. Great Britain also ceded to the Dutch the island of Banca.

scholarly journals Investigation of the influence of modification of the working tool for the manufacture of niobium case products

2021 ◽  
Vol 2094 (4) ◽  
pp. 042006
Author(s):  
E Yu Remshev ◽  
Z N Rasulov ◽  
S A Voinash ◽  
V A Sokolova ◽  
I A Teterina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Test Cycle ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Main Production ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Cold Stamping

Abstract The main production of machine-building enterprises of various industries is the production of metal parts and products, 90-95% of which are manufactured using metal processing by pressure. Ensuring the stability of the technological processes of cold stamping is impossible without the use of interoperative coatings, which play the role of lubrication, preventing the diffusion “setting” (interpenetration at the atomic-molecular level) of the processed materials and tools. Therefore, one of the tasks in constructing the technology for manufacturing parts from these materials is to conduct a test cycle to establish the most acceptable coatings at the intermediate stages of processing. In the process of studying the operability and manufacturability, it is also advisable to use new methods for evaluating quality indicators at separate stages of processing semi-finished products and at the stages of control of finished products, which allows practically eliminating defects due to internal defects, ensuring the uniformity of the microstructure and predicting the operability of finished products during operation. Ensuring the quality of stamped semi-finished products made of refractory metals (niobium, molybdenum) is an urgent task due to the significant proportion of defects during cold stamping of these parts.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Sustainability of Relations in the Media System as a Small Group

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Media Production ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Production Team ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
Main Production ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Stability

In the study of social systems, the issue of establishing and preserving their integrity has a special place. It determines the stability of functioning and development. Organizational behavior plays an important role in the cohesion of work teams, and not only between the performers of the main production, but also the managers and their subordinates. The art of human resource management has not lost its relevance now, but on the contrary, has gained new significance in the environment of rapid technological innovation. The article analyzed the relations between employees of a small-scale media production team: a manager and two employees. The purpose of the work was a systematic analysis of a finite set of possible relationships between the members of the media production team, including at least three people. A table of combinations of interaction options that form production relations with an indication of the reliability index of functioning was compiled. According to research, in some cases, the creative team functions holistically and productively, and in others it is subject to disintegration. Studies have shown that when building successful labor relations within an organization, a manager has to consider not only hierarchical structure, but also the human factor.

scholarly journals Las fundaciones de origen bancario italianas: Un espejo donde mirarnos

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 645
Author(s):  
Gloria Pardo Alés ◽  
Julián López Milla
Keyword(s):  
Social Economy ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Regulatory Development ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Bank Restructuring

This paper examines the origin and development of Italian banking foundations and comprises three parts. The first is focused on the origin of these foundations, which is the result of the 1990 bank restructuring through the so-called conferimento (transfer) and its regulatory development. The second examines other issues such as the foundation map and the evolution of the foundations' assets; their shares in the capital of transferee corporations (società conferitaria); the profitability of their assets; their profit and loss accounts; their institutional activities; and the investments made to accomplish their mission. The study ends with a number of conclusions, of which we will highlight two: these foundations have made a positive contribution to restructuring the Italian banking map and the stability of the financial system during the recent crisis. Also, between 2001 and 2012, they have provided 15.617 million euros for activities specific to social economy.

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