Ethnic youth and sexual identity: the role of clinical and social support for ‘double minorities’

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Wong ◽  
David B Menkes
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Sexual Minority Youth ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Asian Youth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Objectives: Sexual-minority youth exhibit increased rates of psychiatric morbidity, subject to various social factors. We examine the impact of ethnicity and culture on these phenomena, with particular reference to Asian youth living in Western societies. Conclusions: Youth from minority ethnic groups who do not identify with their native gender and/or who are not exclusively heterosexual are known as ‘double minorities’. Available evidence suggests that such individuals are at particularly increased risk of depression and suicide, but that this may be mitigated by social support. More research is needed to understand the challenges faced by ‘double minorities’, notably their perception of and ability to access available clinical and social supports.

scholarly journals Covid, racism and Black Lives Matter: A deadly constellation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-207
Author(s):  
Graham Music
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Childhood Stress ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Implicit Biases ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Minority Ethnic

This paper looks at how people from Black and Minority Ethnic groups have been disproportionately affected by COVID. The paper links this with both psycho-social factors and childhood stress and trauma. It looks at the effects of unconscious racism on the minds and physiology of those affected. The relationship between the impact of stress, trauma, racism and Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) is discussed, and how ACEs are linked with very poor later physical and mental health outcomes. The article suggests that these issues are highly over determined but that for change to occur we need interventions at a range of levels, from the macro-political, psychosocial, individual and economic, including unconscious implicit biases.

scholarly journals HIGH SEROPREVALENCE FOR TOXOCARIASIS AMONG MINORITY GROUPS OF VARNA REGION, BULGARIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 3852-3862
Author(s):  
Tatyana Cvetkova ◽  
◽  
Kalina Stoyanova ◽  
Tsonko Paunov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Toxocariasis in humans is a little-studied zoonosis, and there are no data on the impact of this parasitosis on the minority groups in our country. The purpose of this study is to establish the seroprevalence of toxocariasis among ethnic groups in the Varna region, North-eastern Bulgaria, and compare the results with a control group from the general population. Material/Methods: As a part of a large seroepidemiologic study, we assessed the presence of Toxocara IgG among 132 individuals, self-identified with Turkish and Roma ethnicities. As a control group, we used 250 sera from children and adults from a control group. The statistical comparison was performed regarding age, sex, and type of residence. Results: Toxocara IgG were established in 43 individuals from the minority groups (seroprevalence of 32.58%) and 39 persons in the control group (15.60%) with а statistically significant difference (odds ratio = 2.61). Considerably high seropositivity in the investigated ethnicities was discovered after separating by age: children-33.33%; adults-32.00% and gender: male-38.98%; female-27.40%. A detailed analysis revealed that the type of settlement is an important confounding factor. The seropositivity among the minority ethnic groups residing in small towns and villages is 35,40%, in contrast to the residents of Varna city of the same ethnical origin (15.79%); OR = 2.92. Conclusion: The established high seroprevalence for Toxocara IgG among minority ethnic groups, especially those residing in the rural settlements of North-eastern Bulgaria, shows undiscovered to this point increased risk for the spread of toxocariasis among this population.

scholarly journals Exploring the impact of COVID-19 and restrictions to daily living as a result of social distancing within veterans with pre-existing mental health difficulties

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Murphy ◽  
C Williamson ◽  
J Baumann ◽  
W Busuttil ◽  
N T Fear
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionData are emerging showing the adverse consequences on mental health of the general public due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Little is known about the needs of veterans with pre-existing mental health difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsData were collected through a cross-sectional online survey from a randomly selected sample (n=1092) of military veterans who have sought help for mental health difficulties from a veteran-specific UK-based charity. The response rate was 25.2% (n=275). Participants were asked to complete a range of standardised mental health outcomes (post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, common mental health difficulties (CMDs): 12-Item General Health Questionnaire, difficulties with anger: 5-Item Dimensions of Anger Reactions—Revised and alcohol misuse: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) and endorse a list of potential stressors related to changes to daily life resulting from COVID-19. Regression analyses were fitted to explore predictors of mental health severity.ResultsIt was observed that symptoms of common mental disorder and PTSD (69.3% and 65.0%, respectively) were the most commonly reported to have been exacerbated by the pandemic. Lack of social support and reporting increasing numbers of stressors related to COVID-19 were consistently associated with increasing severity of a range of mental health difficulties.ConclusionsOur findings suggest veterans who had pre-existing mental health difficulties prior to the outbreak of COVID-19 may be at increased risk of experiencing CMDs as a result of the pandemic. Intervening to improve levels of social support and offering practical guidance to better manage any additional stressors relating to the pandemic may provide strategies to help reduce the burden of mental health symptoms.

scholarly journals Perceived major experiences of discrimination, ethnic group, and risk of psychosis in a six-country case−control study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Supriya Misra ◽  
Bizu Gelaye ◽  
David R. Williams ◽  
Karestan C. Koenen ◽  
Christina P.C. Borba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Excess Risk ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Minority Ethnic ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Perceived discrimination is associated with worse mental health. Few studies have assessed whether perceived discrimination (i) is associated with the risk of psychotic disorders and (ii) contributes to an increased risk among minority ethnic groups relative to the ethnic majority. Methods We used data from the European Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene-Environment Interactions Work Package 2, a population-based case−control study of incident psychotic disorders in 17 catchment sites across six countries. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the associations between perceived discrimination and psychosis using mixed-effects logistic regression models. We used stratified and mediation analyses to explore differences for minority ethnic groups. Results Reporting any perceived experience of major discrimination (e.g. unfair treatment by police, not getting hired) was higher in cases than controls (41.8% v. 34.2%). Pervasive experiences of discrimination (≥3 types) were also higher in cases than controls (11.3% v. 5.5%). In fully adjusted models, the odds of psychosis were 1.20 (95% CI 0.91–1.59) for any discrimination and 1.79 (95% CI 1.19–1.59) for pervasive discrimination compared with no discrimination. In stratified analyses, the magnitude of association for pervasive experiences of discrimination appeared stronger for minority ethnic groups (OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.12–2.68) than the ethnic majority (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 0.65–3.10). In exploratory mediation analysis, pervasive discrimination minimally explained excess risk among minority ethnic groups (5.1%). Conclusions Pervasive experiences of discrimination are associated with slightly increased odds of psychotic disorders and may minimally help explain excess risk for minority ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Emerging Role of Microbiome in the Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections in Children

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Anna Kawalec ◽  
Danuta Zwolińska
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Urologic Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

The microbiome of the urinary tract plays a significant role in maintaining health through the impact on bladder homeostasis. Urobiome is of great importance in maintaining the urothelial integrity and preventing urinary tract infection (UTI), as well as promoting local immune function. Dysbiosis in this area has been linked to an increased risk of UTIs, nephrolithiasis, and dysfunction of the lower urinary tract. However, the number of studies in the pediatric population is limited, thus the characteristic of the urobiome in children, its role in a child’s health, and pediatric urologic diseases are not completely understood. This review aims to characterize the healthy urobiome in children, the role of dysbiosis in urinary tract infection, and to summarize the strategies to modification and reshape disease-prone microbiomes in pediatric patients with recurrent urinary tract infections.

scholarly journals The role of social support in the association between childhood trauma and depression among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta J Rodriguez ◽  
Stefani A Butts ◽  
Lissa N Mandell ◽  
Stephen M Weiss ◽  
Mahendra Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Physical Neglect ◽  
Trauma Ct ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

Childhood trauma (CT) – emotional, physical or sexual abuse, or emotional or physical neglect – has been associated with HIV infection and can lead to poor health outcomes and depression in adulthood. Though the impact of CT on depression may be decreased by social support, this may not be true of individuals living with HIV, due to the additive traumatic effects of both CT and acquisition of HIV. This study examined social support, depression, and CT among HIV-infected (n = 134) and HIV-uninfected (n = 306) men and women. Participants (N = 440) were assessed regarding sociodemographic characteristics, CT, depression, and social support. Participants were racially and ethnically diverse, 36 ± 9 years of age on average, and 44% had an income of less than USD$500 a month. Among HIV-uninfected individuals, social support explained the association between depression in persons with CT ( b = 0.082, bCI [0.044, 0.130]). Among HIV-infected individuals, after accounting for sociodemographic characteristics, social support did not explain the association between depression and CT due to lower levels of social support among HIV-infected individuals [95% CI: −0.006, 0.265]. The quality of social support may differ among HIV-infected persons due to decreased social support and smaller social networks among those living with HIV. Depressive symptoms among those living with HIV appear to be less influenced by social support, likely due to the additive effects of HIV infection combined with CT.

scholarly journals Interpreting Trust: Abstract and Personal Trust for People who Need Interpreters to Access Services

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind Edwards ◽  
Claire Alexander ◽  
Bogusia Temple
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Functional Link ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Personal Trust ◽  
Active Trust ◽  
Access Services ◽  
Minority Ethnic

This article looks at the political and conceptual process of trust drawing on a research project exploring the experiences of people who speak little English and thus need interpreters in order to access services. We examine posited solidarity/diversity tensions in the politicisation of notions of general social trust, and debates about the process of trust, including distinctions between abstract and personal trust, the role of familiarity, and the concept of ‘active trust’, as well as challenges to the functional link between interpretation and expectation in trust. We address the increasing professionalisation of interpreting service provision based on abstract trust, and use case studies to illustrate the complexity of the articulation of trust in interpreters, often involving personal trust, as well as strategies for managing distrust. We conclude that, while trust may be a personal praxis, it takes place in a particular socio-political context that involves asymmetrical relations that focus on particular, minority ethnic, groups.

scholarly journals Racism, racial life events and mental ill health

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Bhugra ◽  
Oyedeji Ayonrinde
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Positive Life Events ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Impact

The association of life events with the onset of various psychiatric disorders is well-known. The body of evidence has highlighted the impact of negative or positive life events on the genesis of common mental disorders, especially depression. These findings have been replicated across different cultures, although the impact of different life events varies between cultures. In addition, the roles of chronic difficulties (defined in Life events and psychiatric disorders, below) and resulting ongoing chronic stress have been shown to contribute to vulnerability to certain mental illnesses. However, data on the impact of life events, especially those perceived as racial, on members of minority ethnic groups are rather sparse. The questions that need to be addressed concern the perception of life events as racial, the role of pervasive and perceived institutional and individual racism, and chronic difficulties.

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