Isolation and Association of Escherichia Coli AIDA-I/STb, Rather than EAST1 Pathotype, with Diarrhea in Piglets and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Isolates

To identify emerging Escherichia coli that have the potential to cause diarrhea in pigs, the prevalence of E. coli pathotypes was determined among 170 and 120 isolates from diarrheic and nondiarrheic piglets, respectively. The isolates were tested for F4, F5, F6, F18, and F41 fimbriae, for E. coli attaching and effacing (EAE), porcine attaching and effacing–associated (Paa), and adhesin involved in diffuse adherence (AIDA-I) factors, for LT, STa, STb, and enteroaggregative heat-stable (EAST1) enterotoxins, and for Shiga toxins (Stx1, Stx2, and Stx2e), using DNA hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. All isolates were O-serotyped and tested for antibiotic resistance against 10 drugs. Seventeen different pathotypes, accounting for 40.0% of the isolates, were recovered from diarrheic piglets. The main pathotypes included EAST1 (13.5%), F4/LT/STb/EAST1 (6.5%), AIDA-I/STb/EAST1 (4.1%), F5/STa (2.9%), EAE/EAST1 (2.9%), and AIDA-I/F18 (2.3%). Only 3 pathotypes, EAE (11.7%), EAST1 (10.8%), and EAE/EAST1 (3.3%), were recovered from nondiarrheic piglets. Paa factor was detected in 8.8% and 7.5% of isolates from diarrheic and nondiarrheic piglets, respectively, and always was associated with other virulence determinants. Overall, 22.9% of isolates from diarrheic piglets appeared to be enteropathogens: enterotoxigenic E. coli (11.7%), enteropathogenic E. coli (3.5%), and E. coli isolates (3.0%) for which none of the above adherence factors was detected. Pathotypes AIDA-I/STb/EAST1 and AIDA-I/STb were isolated only from diarrheic piglets and accounted for 4.7% of isolates. Strains of these pathotypes induced diarrhea when inoculated into newborn colostrum-deprived pigs, in contrast to an isolate positive only for EAST1, which did not induce diarrhea. Antibiotic sensitivity test showed that isolates of the AIDA-I/STb/EAST1 and AIDA-I/STb pathotypes were the only strains sensitive to enrofloxacin, gentamicin, neomycin, and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole. This study showed that at least 20.5% of isolates from diarrheic piglets appeared to be associated with AIDA-I/STb pathotype and that EAST1 pathotype is probably not an important marker for diarrhea in piglets.

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Molecular Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated in Poland

Polish Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.5604/17331331.1215601 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 261-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aleksandra Januszkiewicz ◽

Waldemar Rastawicki

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Shiga Toxin ◽

Virulence Gene ◽

Virulence Determinants ◽

E Coli ◽

Heat Stable ◽

Food Borne ◽

Wide Range ◽

Uremic Syndrome

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains also called verotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC) represent one of the most important groups of food-borne pathogens that can cause several human diseases such as hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and hemolytic – uremic syndrome (HUS) worldwide. The ability of STEC strains to cause disease is associated with the presence of wide range of identified and putative virulence factors including those encoding Shiga toxin. In this study, we examined the distribution of various virulence determinants among STEC strains isolated in Poland from different sources. A total of 71 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli strains isolated from human, cattle and food over the years 1996 – 2010 were characterized by microarray and PCR detection of virulence genes. As stx1a subtype was present in all of the tested Shiga toxin 1 producing E. coli strains, a greater diversity of subtypes was found in the gene stx2, which occurred in five subtypes: stx2a, stx2b, stx2c, stx2d, stx2g. Among STEC O157 strains we observed conserved core set of 14 virulence factors, stable in bacteria genome at long intervals of time. There was one cattle STEC isolate which possessed verotoxin gene as well as sta1 gene encoded heat-stable enterotoxin STIa characteristic for enterotoxigenic E. coli. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive analysis of virulence gene profiles identified in STEC strains isolated from human, cattle and food in Poland. The results obtained using microarrays technology confirmed high effectiveness of this method in determining STEC virulotypes which provides data suitable for molecular risk assessment of the potential virulence of this bacteria.

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The effect of environmental factors on the abundance of cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli in Sunter River

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/909/1/012006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 909 (1) ◽

pp. 012006

Author(s):

Efadeswarni ◽

F Y Amandita ◽

N Puspandari ◽

N Aini

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Water Quality ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity Test

Abstract The water quality of the Sunter River in Jakarta was classified as heavily polluted due to activities around the river, both domestic and non-domestic. As one of the environmental parameters for water quality, the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) is normally found any natural environment, and under certain conditions it can become resistant to antimicrobials due to genetic mutations. The mutated E. coli produces Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) enzymes and has a higher survival ability in antibiotic-contaminated river water, thus potentially endangering public health. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on the abundance of ESBL producing E. coli and their resistance to antibiotic cefotaxime. Sampling was conducted in six locations representing the upstreams and the downstreams of Sunter River, following the Global Surveillance guidelines. E. coli strains were isolated using Tryptone Bile X-glucuronide (TBX) agar medium (with and without the addition of cefotaxime 4μg/ml) and the antibiotic sensitivity test of ESBL E. coli was conducted by performing a double-disk test. The results showed that the highest average abundance of ESBL E. coli was found in the sample taken from Sindang Station (904.24 x 104 colony per unit (CFU) / 100 mL) and the lowest was from Sunter Station (1,58 x 104 CFU / 100 mL). The results of the Bivariate Pearson correlation analysis showed that temperature, pH, and salinity were negatively correlated with the abundance of ESBL-producing E. coli bacteria.

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Antibiogram of Escherichia coli isolated from semi-closed system farmed Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea)

Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) ◽

10.47253/jtrss.v8i1.160 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 24-27

Author(s):

Wanikda Eh Chuan ◽

Akrimah Yusof ◽

Aweng Eh Rak ◽

Shareef Mohd Hafiz Mani ◽

Seong Wei Lee

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Plate Count ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Asian Clam ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽

Clam Corbicula

In the present study, antibiogram of Escherichia coli isolated from farmed Asian clam, Corbiculafluminea was characterised. Asian clam or locally known as ‘etak’ is processed to became smokedclam and consumed as snack by Kelantanese. However, there are many diarrhoea cases afterconsuming smoked clam. Furthermore, there are also insufficient information about the E.coli levelin Asian clam farm and effective antibiotic in controlling the bacteria in the litereature. Hence, thisstudy was carried out to provide information of antibiogram of E.coli to be reference in the future.Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMB) was used to isolate E. coli. A total of 100 isolated bacteria weresubjected to antibiotic sensitivity test using disk diffusion method. A total of 18 types of antibioticsnamely novobiocin (30µg/disk), fosfomycin (50 µg/disk), tetracycline (30µg/disk), lincomycin(15µg/disk), flumequine (30µg/disk), sulphamethoxazole (25 µg/disk), amoxycillin (25 µg/disk),chloramphenicol (30 µg/disk), oleandomycin (15 µg/disk), spiramycin (100 µg/disk), ampicillin(10 µg/disk), oxytetracycline (30 µg/disk), doxycycline (30 µg/disk), nalidixic acid (30 µg/disk),florfenicol (30 µg/disk), erythromycin (15 µg/disk), kanamycin (30 µg/disk) and oxolinic acid (2µg/disk). The findings of the present study showed total plate count of E. coli was 6.45 x 103 colonyforming unit (CFU/100g) of sampled Asian clam. Hence, the clam is needed to be under cleansingtreatment before can consider safe for human consumption. Antibiotic results showed 51 % wasrecorded as antibiotic resistance case, 44 % antibiotic sensitive case and 5 % as antibioticintermediary sensitive case. None of the tested antibiotics was successfully inhibited the growth ofthe present bacterial isolates indicating more antibiotics are needed to be screen in the future studyto find out the most effective antibiotic in controlling isolated E. coli.

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An outbreak of gastroenteritis in Osaka, Japan due to Escherichia coli serogroup O166[ratio ]H15 that had a coding gene for enteroaggregative E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1 (EAST1)

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268802006994 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 128 (3) ◽

pp. 363-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Z. ZHOU ◽

J. OGASAWARA ◽

Y. NISHIKAWA ◽

Y. SETO ◽

A. HELANDER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Restriction Enzymes ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

E Coli ◽

Heat Stable ◽

Sporadic Cases ◽

Colonization Factors ◽

Stool Specimens ◽

Polymerase Chain

In an outbreak of gastroenteritis on 23 July 1996, in Osaka, Japan, 54 of 91 persons who had attended a meeting the previous day became ill. Escherichia coli O166[ratio ]H15 was isolated from stool specimens of patients (29/33, 88%). Laboratory tests for other bacterial pathogens and viruses were negative. The E. coli O166 organisms did not adhere to HEp-2 cells in a localized, diffuse, or enteroaggregative manner. The organisms did not express known enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) colonization factors. In polymerase chain reaction tests, the bacteria did not have coding genes for shigatoxin of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), heat-labile, or heat-stable enterotoxin of ETEC, attachment and effacement (eaeA) of EPEC, or invasion (invE) of enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC). Consequently, they could not be assigned to any of the recognized diarrhoeagenic groups of E. coli: EPEC, ETEC, EHEC, EIEC, enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC), or diffusely adhering E. coli. However, the organisms possessed the EAggEC heat-stable enterotoxin (EAST1) gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an outbreak caused by E. coli that did not have well-characterized virulence genes other than EAST1. The isolates showed the same DNA banding pattern in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis after digestion with the restriction enzymes XbaI or NotI. Three O166[ratio ]H15 strains isolated from two sporadic cases and another outbreak during 1997–8 were distinct, indicating that multiple clones have spread already. We propose that diarrhoeal specimens should be examined for E. coli possessing the EAST1 gene.

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Escherichia coli K88ac Fimbriae Expressing Heat-Labile and Heat-Stable (STa) Toxin Epitopes Elicit Antibodies That Neutralize Cholera Toxin and STa Toxin and Inhibit Adherence of K88ac Fimbrial E. coli

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00251-10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (12) ◽

pp. 1859-1867 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Chengxian Zhang ◽

Weiping Zhang

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Cholera Toxin ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Diarrheal Disease ◽

Virulence Determinants ◽

E Coli ◽

B Subunit ◽

Heat Stable ◽

Heat Labile ◽

Bacterial Adhesins

ABSTRACT Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are a major cause of diarrheal disease in humans and animals. Bacterial adhesins and heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins are the virulence determinants in ETEC diarrhea. It is believed that vaccines inducing anti-adhesin immunity to inhibit bacterial adherence and anti-toxin immunity to eliminate toxin activity would provide broad-spectrum protection against ETEC. In this study, an ETEC fimbrial adhesin was used as a platform to express LT and STa for adhesin-toxin fusion antigens to induce anti-toxin and anti-adhesin immunity. An epitope from the B subunit of LT toxin (LTP1, 8LCSEYRNTQIYTIN21) and an STa toxoid epitope (5CCELCCNPQCAGCY18) were embedded in the FaeG major subunit of E. coli K88ac fimbriae. Constructed K88ac-toxin chimeric fimbriae were harvested and used for rabbit immunization. Immunized rabbits developed anti-K88ac, anti-LT, and anti-STa antibodies. Moreover, induced antibodies not only inhibited adherence of K88ac fimbrial E. coli to porcine small intestinal enterocytes but also neutralized cholera toxin and STa toxin. Data from this study demonstrated that K88ac fimbriae expressing LT and STa epitope antigens elicited neutralizing anti-toxin antibodies and anti-adhesin antibodies and suggested that E. coli fimbriae could serve as a platform for the development of broad-spectrum vaccines against ETEC.

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Isolation, identification and antibiogram profiles of enterovirulent Escherichia coli from diarrhoeic goat in some selected areas of Rangpur district of Bangladesh

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v4i1.36819 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 36-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Md Rashed Kamal ◽

Md Fakhruzzaman ◽

Mir Rowshan Akter ◽

Md Atiqul Haque

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Stain ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

First Choice ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽

Metallic Sheen

Enterovirulent Escherichia coli remain as an important etiological agent of goat diarrhoea in Bangladesh. The present study was designed with a view to isolate and identifies E. coli from field cases. For this purpose, a total of 135 faecal samples (85 from diarrhoeic and 50 from apparently healthy goat) were collected during the period from January 2012 to July 2012 from different areas in Rangpur District. It was found that the prevalence of E. coli was higher (18.82 %) in diarrhoeic goats while it was lower (14.00 %) in non diarrhoeic goats. Age wise distribution of E. coli isolates were 26.42% in day old to 1 year, 10.53% in 1-2 years and 11.36% in above 2 years age of goat respectively. All the isolates of E. coli revealed greenish black colony with metallic sheen in Eosine methylene blue agar, bright pink color smooth transparent colony in MacConkey agar and slight pinkish smooth colony in Salmonella-Shigella agar. Gram stain and hanging drop techniques were performed with the cultured bacteria. Biochemical properties of the isolates were studied, and antibiotic sensitivity test was done by agar disk diffusion method. In Gram stain, the organisms revealed Gram negative, small rod shaped, occurs singly or paired. Biochemically, all of the isolates showed fermentation of dextrose, sucrose and maltose with the production of acid and gas, negative result to Voges-Proskauer test, positive result to Methylred test and differential result to Indol test. All the isolates of E. coli were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin while moderately sensitive to colistin, livofloxacin and azithromycin and less sensitive to ceftraexon and tetracyclin and resistant to amoxycillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, and neomycin. Therefore, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin may be the antibiotics of first choice, and colistin, livofloxacin and azithromycin may be the second choice among the test antibiotics for the treatment of illness caused by these bacteria.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2018, 4(1): 36-43

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Antibiotic Resistance and Plasmid Profiling of Escherichia coli Isolated from Human Sewage Samples

Microbiology Insights ◽

10.1177/11786361211016808 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 117863612110168

Author(s):

Sanjida Akter ◽

A. M. Masudul Azad Chowdhury ◽

Sohana Akter Mina

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽

Plasmid Profiling ◽

As Relationship

In developing countries, the occurrence of antibiotic resistance is increasing day by day and antibiotic resistant microorganisms are being found in almost every environmental setting. Plasmids are considered as the main vector in the procurement and propagation of antibiotic resistance in many microorganisms such as Escherichia coli ( E. coli). The goal of this study was to examine the antibiotic resistance and screening of plasmid in E. coli strains which were previously identified from human sewage samples. During this study antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli isolates were determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against 5 antibiotics (ampicilin, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin). Furthermore, plasmid extraction of each isolate was done according to the protocol of FavorPrepTMPlasmid Mini Kit and plasmid profiling was done by agarose gel electrophoresis. In antibiotic sensitivity test, all E. coli strains showed resistance to ampicilin, amoxicillin, and ceftriaxone. In the plasmid profiling, it was revealed that all the isolates of E. coli harbored plasmids. The plasmid sizes ranged from approximately 1.5 to 15 kb. The findings of this study prove the consequences of antibiotic resistance as well as relationship of plasmid with antibiotic resistance which necessitates proper surveillance on antibiotic usage in the developing countries.

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High Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Retail Poultry Products in Spain

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11113197 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 3197

Author(s):

Beatriz García-Béjar ◽

Izan García de Blas Martín ◽

María Arévalo-Villena ◽

Ana Briones Pérez

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Beta Lactams ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽

Resistance Rates

The prevalence of Escherichia coli was analysed in poultry products from different Spanish retailers and determined its antibiotic resistance capability by phenotypic (ampicillin, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, imipenem, cefotaxime, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim, and colistin) and genotypic assays. A total of 30 samples (hindquarters or livers) were collected from supermarkets and butchers. Enterobacteriaceae counts ranged between 3.2 and 6.5 log colony-forming units (CFU)/g, and the highest values were found in livers and in samples from supermarkets. E. coli was detected in 83% of the samples tested, and the highest prevalence was observed in livers (100%) and supermarkets (91%). Regarding the antibiotic sensitivity test, 100% of the E. coli showed resistance to at least one antibiotic. The highest resistance rates were detected for colistin (87%) and gentamicin (79%), while only two antibiotics (chloramphenicol and cefotaxime) showed a resistance lower than 10%. Furthermore, the resistance genes of tetracycline and beta-lactams were analysed by multiplex PCR, revealing that tet(A) and blaTEM were the majority genes, respectively.

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SENSITIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA TERHADAP BAKTERI ESCHERICHIA COLI YANG DIISOLASI DARI UDANG DI PASAR KEPUTRAN SURABAYA

JURNAL KAJIAN VETERINER ◽

10.35508/jkv.v7i2.1978 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 93-100

Author(s):

Reina Puspita Rahmaniar ◽

Dyah Widhowati ◽

Nurul Hidayah

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽

Diffusion Test ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Disk Diffusion Test ◽

E Coli ◽

Gram Staining ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity Test

The aimed of this study was to identify antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from Shrimp. There were 20 samples taken and isolated on surface of Eosin Methilen Blue Agar. E.coli produced metalic green colonies. Samples identified as E.coli based on macroscopic features and morphology of colonies, microscopic examination with gram staining and biochemical tests. The antibiotic sensitivity was determined through a standard antimicrobial disk diffusion test. The results of this study showed that 9 samples were bacteria of the spesies E. coli. Based on the results of antibiotic sensitivity test, it was found that 100 % of E. coli isolates were resistant to Amoxycillin 20 µg and 22,2 % of isolates are resistant to ampicillin 10 µg. Antibiotics Tetracycline 30 µg and Chloramphenicol 30 µg were 100 % sensitive. Gentamicin 10 µg showed that 77,8 % sensitive and 22,2 % intermediet. The precence of antibiotic resistance of betalaktam antibiotics makes it especially important to monitor antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance of E.coli isolated from shrimp, because new mechanisms of resistance occurring in animals may enter the food chain and its be transferred to the human. This importance of cooperation between sectors in order to monitor antimicrobial resistance.

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Multiplex PCR for Enterotoxigenic, Attaching and Effacing, and Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains from Calves

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.36.6.1795-1797.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 1795-1797 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Author(s):

Sophia M. Franck ◽

Brad T. Bosworth ◽

Harley W. Moon

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Multiplex Pcr ◽

Shiga Toxin ◽

Shiga Toxins ◽

E Coli ◽

Heat Stable ◽

Genes Encoding

A multiplex PCR was developed to identify enterotoxigenic, attaching and effacing, and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains by amplifying genes encoding K99 and F41 fimbriae, heat-stable enterotoxin a, intimin, and Shiga toxins 1 and 2. This multiplex PCR was specific and sensitive. It will be useful for identification of E. coli strains which cause diarrhea in calves.

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