scholarly journals SENSITIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA TERHADAP BAKTERI ESCHERICHIA COLI YANG DIISOLASI DARI UDANG DI PASAR KEPUTRAN SURABAYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Reina Puspita Rahmaniar ◽  
Dyah Widhowati ◽  
Nurul Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test

The aimed of this study was to identify antibiotic Resistance of  Escherichia coli isolated from Shrimp. There were 20 samples taken and isolated on surface of Eosin Methilen Blue Agar. E.coli produced metalic green colonies. Samples identified as E.coli based on macroscopic features and morphology of colonies, microscopic examination with gram staining and biochemical tests. The antibiotic sensitivity was determined through a standard antimicrobial disk diffusion test. The results of this study showed that 9 samples were bacteria of the spesies  E. coli. Based on the results of antibiotic sensitivity test, it was found that 100 % of E. coli isolates were resistant to Amoxycillin 20 µg and 22,2 % of isolates are resistant to ampicillin 10 µg. Antibiotics Tetracycline 30 µg and Chloramphenicol 30 µg were 100 % sensitive. Gentamicin 10 µg showed that 77,8 % sensitive and 22,2 % intermediet. The precence of antibiotic resistance of betalaktam antibiotics makes it especially important to monitor antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance of E.coli isolated from shrimp, because new mechanisms of resistance occurring in animals may enter the food chain and its be  transferred to the human. This importance of  cooperation between sectors in order to monitor antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Isolasi Bakteri Endofit Dari Sea Grass Yang Tumbuh Di Kawasan Pantai Pulau Lombok Dan Potensinya Sebagai Sumber Antimokroba Terhadap Bakteri Patogen

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalu Zulkifli, Dwi Soelistya Diah Jekti, Nur Lestari dan Dewa Ayu Citra Rasmi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Sea Grass

ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan isolasi bakteri endofit dari seagrass jenis Enhalus acoroides (Linneaus f.) Royle, yang tumbuh di perairan pantai Kuta Lombok Tengah. Media yang digunakan adalah NA, BHI, TSA dan Mac Conkey’ Agar, dengan menggunakan bagian akar batang, dan daun sebagai sumber isolat. Dilakukan subkultur berulang hingga diperoleh isolat endofit yang membentuk koloni tunggal.Terhadap koloni tunggal ini dilakukan identifikasi morfologi dan uji biokimia. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode Difusi Agar (Disk diffusion test) dengan teknik sumuran menggunakan lima bakteri uji klinis yaitu : Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Shygella dysentriae, dan Staphylococcus. aureus. Kategori sensitivitas bakteri uji klinis terhadap ekstrak bakteri endofit mengacu kepada Mukherjee (1989). Identifikasi morfologi, uji biokimia dan uji aktifitas antibakteri dilakukan terhadap 11 isolat dari 28 isolat awal yang diperoleh diperoleh, Hasil menunjukkan bahwa semua isolat bakteri endofit tergolong dalam bentuk batang, 8 diantaranya termasuk Gram Positif. Hasil uji antibakteri menggunakan metode Difusi agar dengan teknik sumuran menunjukkan bahwa hampir semua isolat memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri uji dengan daya hambat yang bervariasi. Diperoleh satu isolat yang palingkuat efeknya dan paling luas spektrumnya yaitu isolate 1 yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan 4 jenis bakteri uji (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumonia, S. dysentriae, dan S. aureus) hingga sampai pada kategori sensitif (dimeter zona hambat lebih dari 12 mm). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa isolat bakteri endofit yang berasal dari seagrass sukup potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai salah satu alternatif sumber antibakteri untuk mengatasi penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri pathogen. Kata Kunci: Antimikroba, bakteri endofit, lamun (sea grass), aktivitas antibakteri.ABSTRACTHave done the isolation of endophytic bacteria on seagrass kind Enhalus acoroides (Linnaeus f.) Royle, who grew up in the coastal waters of Kuta Lombok. The medium used is NA, BHI, TSA and Mac Conkey 'Agar, using the roots stems and leaves as a source of isolates. Subcultures performed repeatedly to obtain isolates endophytic form colonies tunggal.Terhadap single colony is to identify morphological and biochemical tests. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity test by the method Diffusion Agar (Disk diffusion test) with wells technique uses five clinical trials that bacteria: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Shygella dysentriae, and Staphylococcus. aureus. Categories sensitivity of bacteria clinical trials of endophytic bacteria extract refers to Mukherjee (1989). Identification of morphological, biochemical tests and antibacterial activity test conducted on 11 isolates of 28 isolates obtained initial obtained results showed that all isolates of endophytic bacteria belong in the form of rods, 8 of which include Gram Positive. Antibacterial test results using the diffusion method in order to pitting technique showed that almost all isolates possess antibacterial activity against bacteria inhibition test with varied. Retrieved palingkuat one isolate its effects and the most extensive spectrum that isolate one capable of inhibiting the growth of four kinds of test bacteria (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, S. dysentriae, and S. aureus) to arrive at a sensitive category (dimeter inhibitory zone more than 12 mm). It can be concluded that endophytic bacteria isolates originating from sukup seagrass potential to be developed as an alternative source of antibacterial to treat diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria.Keywords: Antimicrobial, endophytic bacteria, seagrass (sea grass), antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance and Plasmid Profiling of Escherichia coli Isolated from Human Sewage Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863612110168
Author(s):  
Sanjida Akter ◽  
A. M. Masudul Azad Chowdhury ◽  
Sohana Akter Mina
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Plasmid Profiling ◽  
As Relationship

In developing countries, the occurrence of antibiotic resistance is increasing day by day and antibiotic resistant microorganisms are being found in almost every environmental setting. Plasmids are considered as the main vector in the procurement and propagation of antibiotic resistance in many microorganisms such as Escherichia coli ( E. coli). The goal of this study was to examine the antibiotic resistance and screening of plasmid in E. coli strains which were previously identified from human sewage samples. During this study antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli isolates were determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against 5 antibiotics (ampicilin, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin). Furthermore, plasmid extraction of each isolate was done according to the protocol of FavorPrepTMPlasmid Mini Kit and plasmid profiling was done by agarose gel electrophoresis. In antibiotic sensitivity test, all E. coli strains showed resistance to ampicilin, amoxicillin, and ceftriaxone. In the plasmid profiling, it was revealed that all the isolates of E. coli harbored plasmids. The plasmid sizes ranged from approximately 1.5 to 15 kb. The findings of this study prove the consequences of antibiotic resistance as well as relationship of plasmid with antibiotic resistance which necessitates proper surveillance on antibiotic usage in the developing countries.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Resistance in Multiple-Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains of Human, Animal, and Food Origins

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 3996-4001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Sáenz ◽  
Laura Briñas ◽  
Elena Domínguez ◽  
Joaquim Ruiz ◽  
Myriam Zarazaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Human Animal

ABSTRACT Seventeen multiple-antibiotic-resistant nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strains of human, animal, and food origins showed a wide variety of antibiotic resistance genes, many of them carried by class 1 and class 2 integrons. Amino acid changes in MarR and mutations in marO were identified for 15 and 14 E. coli strains, respectively.

Virulence factors analysis and antibiotic resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from patients in northeast of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdis Ghavidel ◽  
Tahere Gholamhosseini-Moghadam ◽  
Kimiya Nourian ◽  
Kiarash Ghazvini
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and Objectives: Escherichia coli is known to be the pathogen commonly isolated from those infected with uri- nary tract infections (UTIs). The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of E. coli virulence genes and antibiotics’ resistance pattern among clinical isolates in the Northeast of Iran. Relationships between virulence genes and antimicrobial resistances were studied as well. Materials and Methods: Three hundred isolates of E. coli were isolated from patients with UTIs that referred to Ghaem and Imam Reza hospitals (Mashhad, Iran) during August 2016 to February 2017. A multiplex PCR was employed to amplify the genes encoding pyelonephritis associated pili (pap), S-family adhesions (sfa), type1fimbriae (fimH) and aerobactin (aer). Disk diffusion test was performed to test the susceptibility of isolates to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, quino- lone, fluoroquinolones, carbapenems and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Results: The PCR results identified the fimH in 78.4%, aer in 70.5%, sfa in 13.6% and the pap in 8.2% of isolates. The rates of antibiotic resistance of the isolates were as follows: 64.7% resistant to cephalosporins, 34% to trimethoprim-sul- famethoxazole, 31% to fluoroquinolones, 15.3% to aminoglycosides, 13.3% to β-lactams, 7.8% to quinolones and 4.4% to carbapenems. Significant relationships existed between pap and aer, pap and sfa, aer and fluoroquinolones also pap and cephalosporins. Conclusion: fimH and aer were found in > 50% of isolates suggesting the importance of both genes in UPEC. The majority of isolates had fimH as adhesion factor for colonization. Determining antibiotic resistance patterns in specific geographical areas is necessary for appropriate treatment of urinary tract infection. The high rate of resistance to cephalosporins is most likely due to incorrect drug administration

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from milk samples with regard to virulence factors and antibiotic resistance

2021 ◽  
pp. 2410-2418
Author(s):  
Waleed Younis ◽  
Sabry Hassan ◽  
Hams M. A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples

Background and Aim: Raw milk is considered an essential source of nutrition during all stages of human life because it offers a valuable supply of protein and minerals. Importantly, milk is considered a good media for the growth and contamination of many pathogenic bacteria, especially food-borne pathogens such as Escherichia coli. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize E. coli and detect its virulence factors and antibiotic resistance from raw milk samples. Materials and Methods: Raw milk samples (n=100) were collected from different localities in Qena, Egypt, and investigated for the presence of E. coli using different biochemical tests, IMViC tests, serotyping to detect somatic antigen type, and molecularly by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. The presence of different virulence and antimicrobial genes (hly, eae, stx1, stx2, blaTEM, tetA(A), and tetB genes) in E. coli isolates was evaluated using PCR. Results: The results demonstrated that 10 out of 100 milk samples were contaminated with E. coli. Depending on serology, the isolates were classified as O114 (one isolate), O27 (two isolates), O111 (one isolate), O125 (two isolates), and untypeable (five isolates) E. coli. The sequencing of partially amplified 16S rRNA of the untypeable isolates resulted in one isolate, which was initially misidentified as untypeable E. coli but later proved as Enterobacter hormaechei. Moreover, antibacterial susceptibility analysis revealed that nearly all isolates were resistant to more than 3 families of antibiotics, particularly to β-lactams, clindamycin, and rifampin. PCR results demonstrated that all E. coli isolates showed an accurate amplicon for the blaTEM and tetA(A) genes, four isolates harbored eae gene, other four harbored tetB gene, and only one isolate exhibited a positive stx2 gene. Conclusion: Our study explored vital methods for identifying E. coli as a harmful pathogen of raw milk using 16S rRNA sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, and detection of virulence factors and antibiotic-resistant genes.

scholarly journals The effect of environmental factors on the abundance of cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli in Sunter River

2021 ◽  
Vol 909 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
Efadeswarni ◽  
F Y Amandita ◽  
N Puspandari ◽  
N Aini
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test

Abstract The water quality of the Sunter River in Jakarta was classified as heavily polluted due to activities around the river, both domestic and non-domestic. As one of the environmental parameters for water quality, the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) is normally found any natural environment, and under certain conditions it can become resistant to antimicrobials due to genetic mutations. The mutated E. coli produces Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) enzymes and has a higher survival ability in antibiotic-contaminated river water, thus potentially endangering public health. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on the abundance of ESBL producing E. coli and their resistance to antibiotic cefotaxime. Sampling was conducted in six locations representing the upstreams and the downstreams of Sunter River, following the Global Surveillance guidelines. E. coli strains were isolated using Tryptone Bile X-glucuronide (TBX) agar medium (with and without the addition of cefotaxime 4μg/ml) and the antibiotic sensitivity test of ESBL E. coli was conducted by performing a double-disk test. The results showed that the highest average abundance of ESBL E. coli was found in the sample taken from Sindang Station (904.24 x 104 colony per unit (CFU) / 100 mL) and the lowest was from Sunter Station (1,58 x 104 CFU / 100 mL). The results of the Bivariate Pearson correlation analysis showed that temperature, pH, and salinity were negatively correlated with the abundance of ESBL-producing E. coli bacteria.

Genetic Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolates from Different Leafy Green Production Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 1846-1853 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOSIMANEGAPE JONGMAN ◽  
LISE KORSTEN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT Foodborne disease outbreaks linked to contaminated irrigation water and fresh produce are a public health concern. The presence of Escherichia coli isolates from irrigation water and leafy green vegetables in different food production systems (large commercial farms, small-scale farms, and homestead gardens) was investigated. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance and virulence in these isolates was further assessed, and links between water source and irrigated crops were identified using antimicrobial and genotypic analyses. Presumptive E. coli isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, and identities were confirmed by PCR using the uidA gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated with the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion test; the presence of virulence genes was determined with enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR assays. Of the 130 E. coli isolates from water (n =60) and leafy green vegetables (n =70), 19 (14.6%) were resistant to one antibiotic (tetracycline) and 92 (70.7%) were resistant to various antibiotics (including ampicillin, cefoxitin, and nalidixic acid). All E. coli isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and gentamicin. The virulence gene stx2 was detected in E. coli isolates from irrigation water (8 [13.3%] of 60 isolates) and cabbages (3 [7.5%] of 40), but the virulence genes eae and stx1 were not detected in any tested isolates from irrigation water and fresh produce samples. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant E. coli was lower in isolates from GLOBALG.A.P.-certified farms than in isolates from noncertified commercial and small-scale farms and homestead gardens. A link between the E. coli isolates from irrigation water sources and leafy green vegetables was established with phenotypic (antimicrobial) and genotypic (DNA fingerprinting) analyses. However, a link between virulence genes and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance could not be established.

scholarly journals Identification of Quinolone and Colistin Resistance Genes in Escherichia Coli Strains Isolated from Mucosal Samples of Patients with Colorectal Cancer and Healthy Subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Hassan Mahmoudi ◽  
Sima Ghiasvand ◽  
Omid Zarei ◽  
Hadi Hossainpour ◽  
Mohammad Y. Alikhani
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients

Introduction: : Antibiotic resistance and extensive use of antibiotics are amongst the major causes of failure in antibiotic treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate antibiotic resistance patterns and to identify resistance genes of quinolones and colistin in Escherichia coli. There are a very few patents on E. coli isolated from colorectal cancer. So, this study demonstrates that some bacteria resistant to ciprofloxacin have not resistance genes.Moreover, new patterns for E. coli are presented for isolates of patients with colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods: : Of the three healthy people, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients and colorectal cancer patients, 40 E. coli strains isolated after confirmation by biochemical and molecular methods. The susceptibility of isolates to antibiotics was investigated using disk diffusion test. After deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify genes encoding resistance to ciprofloxacin (qnr A, qnr B) and colistin (mcr-1). Results:: The results showed that E. coli isolates from colorectal cancer patients had the highest resistance to piperacillin (67.5%), ceftazidime (47.5%), and cefepime (42.5%). Also, E. coli strains isolated from IBD patients showed resistance to antibiotic ceftazidime 13%. More than 95% of E. coli strains isolated from healthy people were susceptible to antibiotics. Based on the results, 18 (15%) E. coli strains showed resistance to ciprofloxacin. The qnr A gene was detected in 61.11% isolates; however, qnr B was detected in 9 (50%) isolates. Isolates resistant to colistin were not observed. Conclusion: : These findings indicate increased resistance of E. coli to ciprofloxacin in comparison with prior studies. Further research in this field will increase our knowledge and more effective exposure to the antibiotic resistance of the pathogenic microorganisms.

Molecular detection of multidrug and colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from house flies in various environmental settings

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 847-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdus Sobur ◽  
Zobayda F Haque ◽  
Abdullah AM Sabuj ◽  
Samina Ievy ◽  
AMM Taufiqur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
House Flies ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Aim: To detect antibiotic-resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli in house flies captured from various environmental settings. Materials & methods: Isolation and identification of E. coli was performed based on culture and PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using disk diffusion test. Detection of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes was carried out using PCR methods. Results: The prevalence of E. coli in flies was 61% with highest in dairy farms (70.67%) followed by food centers (65.33%), dustbins (64%) and area close to hospital (44%). The prevalence rates of tetA, tetB, ereA, CITM, SHV, mcr-3 and catA1 resistance determinants were 88.75, 48.52, 41.67, 37.17, 27.77, 18.37 and 14.81%, respectively. Conclusion: Multidrug-resistant pathogenic E. coli are widely distributed in house flies, which requires a one-health approach to delineate their control.

scholarly journals Antibiogram of Escherichia coli isolated from semi-closed system farmed Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Wanikda Eh Chuan ◽  
Akrimah Yusof ◽  
Aweng Eh Rak ◽  
Shareef Mohd Hafiz Mani ◽  
Seong Wei Lee
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Asian Clam ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Clam Corbicula

In the present study, antibiogram of Escherichia coli isolated from farmed Asian clam, Corbiculafluminea was characterised. Asian clam or locally known as ‘etak’ is processed to became smokedclam and consumed as snack by Kelantanese. However, there are many diarrhoea cases afterconsuming smoked clam. Furthermore, there are also insufficient information about the E.coli levelin Asian clam farm and effective antibiotic in controlling the bacteria in the litereature. Hence, thisstudy was carried out to provide information of antibiogram of E.coli to be reference in the future.Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMB) was used to isolate E. coli. A total of 100 isolated bacteria weresubjected to antibiotic sensitivity test using disk diffusion method. A total of 18 types of antibioticsnamely novobiocin (30µg/disk), fosfomycin (50 µg/disk), tetracycline (30µg/disk), lincomycin(15µg/disk), flumequine (30µg/disk), sulphamethoxazole (25 µg/disk), amoxycillin (25 µg/disk),chloramphenicol (30 µg/disk), oleandomycin (15 µg/disk), spiramycin (100 µg/disk), ampicillin(10 µg/disk), oxytetracycline (30 µg/disk), doxycycline (30 µg/disk), nalidixic acid (30 µg/disk),florfenicol (30 µg/disk), erythromycin (15 µg/disk), kanamycin (30 µg/disk) and oxolinic acid (2µg/disk). The findings of the present study showed total plate count of E. coli was 6.45 x 103 colonyforming unit (CFU/100g) of sampled Asian clam. Hence, the clam is needed to be under cleansingtreatment before can consider safe for human consumption. Antibiotic results showed 51 % wasrecorded as antibiotic resistance case, 44 % antibiotic sensitive case and 5 % as antibioticintermediary sensitive case. None of the tested antibiotics was successfully inhibited the growth ofthe present bacterial isolates indicating more antibiotics are needed to be screen in the future studyto find out the most effective antibiotic in controlling isolated E. coli.

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