scholarly journals Postmortem findings in Ontario racehorses, 2003–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josepha DeLay
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmia ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injury ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Canadian Province ◽  
Death Registry ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Death Cases

Postmortem lesions and cause of death were evaluated retrospectively for 963 horses examined as part of the Ontario Racing Commission Death Registry over a 13-y period. The Death Registry was established in 2003 to identify factors leading to death or euthanasia of racehorses in this Canadian province. Postmortem examination was carried out on 56% of horses reported to the Death Registry and included Standardbred, Thoroughbred, and American Quarter Horses. Musculoskeletal injury was the most common reason for death associated with racing or training among all racehorses and involved 68% of horses. A history of sudden death during or immediately following exercise was described for 31% of racing- or training-associated deaths, and in 16% of all horses in the study. Sudden death occurred in horses of all breeds, and our report describes lesions associated with sudden death in a series of Standardbreds. The cause of death in these cases was most frequently attributed to cardiopulmonary lesions. The cause of death was undetermined in 20% of sudden death cases, and it is speculated that cardiac arrhythmia may have contributed to these deaths. Injection-associated death was documented in 4% of the study population. Lesions among horses whose death was not associated with exercise were similar to those in other equine populations, and lesions involving the gastrointestinal system were most common. Standardization of pathology reporting of pulmonary and other lesions in racehorse postmortem cases would allow direct comparison of results among racehorse populations.

scholarly journals A study to find out correlation between life style, nutritional status, personnel habits, physical development and sudden death due to cardiac origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Mohammed Iliyas Sheikh ◽  
Swati Patel
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Death Cases

Present study was carried out on sudden death cases brought to the institute either as brought dead or died during treatment with 24 hours of admission and forwarded by the investigating officer for medico-legal postmortem examination. Various parameters were collected such as age, length and weight of the body, history of chest pain, vomiting etc. Out of 61 deceased examined, 50 were male and 11 were female. Commonest age group was 46 – 55 years followed by 36 -45 and 56 – 65 years of age. Vegetarians (50) and tobacco chewing (47) outnumber the all other causes. Individuals are having indoor working place (44) are more affected than the outdoor workers (17). Commonly affected individuals were having body weight between 61 -70 kg (Mean 65.5 kg) and body length 160-169 cm (Mean 164.5cm). There is no correlation was observed between the sudden death and BMI. Left coronary artery affected more as compared to right one. The histopathological examination revealed positive result in 35 cases (57%) out of which, acute myocardial infarction in 13 cases and in 22 cases presence of healed myocardial infarction while in 26 cases there was no changes observed.

SUDDEN AND UNEXPECTED DEATH IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lester Adelson ◽  
Eleanor Roberts Kinney
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Past History ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
History Of

One hundred twenty-six consecutive cases of sudden and unexpected death in children between the ages of 10 days and 2 years were studied. Anatomic and microbiologic studies were carried out and an investigation was made at the home in each case. Both sexes were equally vulnerable. Eighty-five per cent of the children were less than 6 months old. The peak incidence was at 2 months. Ninety-nine children were found dead and 27 were observed to die. The same variety and severity of anatomic lesions were found in both categories. Sixteen children in the same age range who died rapidly following known lethal voilence were studied as a control group. Of the nontraumatic sudden death ("unexplained") series 106 (84 per cent) revealed microscopic inflammatory changes in 1 or more sites of the respiratory tract, and histologic evidence of inflammatory disease in other organs was seen in many cases. Acute hemorrhagic pulmonary edema was a common anatomic finding (82 per cent). It was usually accompanied by visceral and cerebral congestion and hemorrhages. Special investigative procedures including staining of the liver for glycogen, determination of the glucose level of the cerebrospinal fluid and study of the adrenals for sudanophilia and birefringence indicated that these factors are without significance in sudden death in early life. A variety of congenital and acquired abnormalities, the presence of which had been unsuspected, was demonstrated at necropsy. Eleven per cent of the 126 cases showed no anatomic abnormalities other than the circulatory phenomena. No single bacterial organism or group of organisms was isolated with any degree of consistency from any site. All attempts to isolate viruses were negative. Ante-mortem symptomatology, circumstances of death, history of contact with infectious disease, and past history of repeated respiratory infection were without prognostic significance and were not pathognomic as to the cause of death. Eighty children had histories of mild illness for 48 hours or less prior to death. Fifty-three children had received some form of treatment during this interval. Sixty-nine children had histories of contact with infectious diseases. Forty-one children had past histories of repeated respiratory infections. The cases came from every social level. Sixty-five per cent had received good care while 35 per cent had received poor care. Many of the control cases showed inflamatory disease in the respiratory tract similar to that seen in the natural death group as well as anatomic evidence of lethal trauma. The inflammatory lesions are thus not incompatible with life. Several hypotheses are offered in an effort to link microscopic inflammatory respiratory tract changes with hemorrhagic pulmonary edema and sudden death. Anatomic and anamnestic evidence exclude mechanical suffocation by bedding. No statement as to the cause of death of an infant who has died suddenly and unexpectedly should be made without complete gross and microscopic studies and thorough investigation of the scene and circumstances of death.

scholarly journals Sudden unexpected death caused by stroke: A nationwide study among children and young adults in Denmark

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik Nybye Ågesen ◽  
Bjarke Risgaard ◽  
Sára Zachariasardóttir ◽  
Reza Jabbari ◽  
Thomas Hadberg Lynge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Stroke Subtype ◽  
Nationwide Study ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Death Cases

Background Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in young individuals globally. Data on the burden of sudden death by stroke are sparse in the young. Aims The aim of this study was to report mortality rates, cause of death, stroke subtype, and symptoms in children and young adults who suffered sudden death by stroke. Methods We conducted a retrospective, nationwide study including all deaths within Danish borders between 2000–2009 and 2007–2009 in persons aged 1–35 years and 36–49 years, respectively. Two physicians identified all sudden death cases through review of all death certificates. All available autopsy reports and records from hospitals and general practitioners were retrieved and a neurologist identified all sudden death by stroke cases. Results Of the 14,567 deaths in the 10-year period, there were 1,698 sudden death cases, of which 52 (3%) were sudden death by stroke. There was a male predominance (56%) and the median age was 33 years. The incidence of sudden death by stroke in individuals aged 1–49 years was 0.19 deaths per 100,000 person-years. Stroke was hemorrhagic in 94% of cases, whereof subarachnoid hemorrhage was the cause of death in 63% of cases. Seventeen (33%) cases contacted the healthcare system because of neurological symptoms, whereof one was suspected of having a stroke (6%). Conclusions Sudden death by stroke in children and young adults occurs primarily due to hemorrhagic stroke. We report a high frequency of neurological symptoms prior to sudden death by stroke. Increased awareness among healthcare professionals towards stroke symptoms in children and young adults may lead to earlier detection of stroke, and thereby potentially lowering the incidence of sudden death by stroke.

scholarly journals Sudden death in racehorses: postmortem examination protocol

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago S. Diab ◽  
Robert Poppenga ◽  
Francisco A. Uzal
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
The Public ◽  
Examination Protocol ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Postmortem Examinations ◽  
Over Time

In racehorses, sudden death (SD) associated with exercise poses a serious risk to jockeys and adversely affects racehorse welfare and the public perception of horse racing. In a majority of cases of exercise-associated sudden death (EASD), there are no gross lesions to explain the cause of death, and an examination of the cardiovascular system and a toxicologic screen are warranted. Cases of EASD without gross lesions are often presumed to be sudden cardiac deaths (SCD). We describe an equine SD autopsy protocol, with emphasis on histologic examination of the heart (“cardiac histology protocol”) and a description of the toxicologic screen performed in racehorses in California. By consistently utilizing this standardized autopsy and cardiac histology protocol, the results and conclusions from postmortem examinations will be easier to compare within and across institutions over time. The generation of consistent, reliable, and comparable multi-institutional data is essential to improving the understanding of the cause(s) and pathogenesis of equine SD, including EASD and SCD.

scholarly journals Sudden Death in Sickle Cell Disease: An Assessment of Risk Factors

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 4929-4929
Author(s):  
Chijioke Nze ◽  
Brooke M Fortin ◽  
Revital Freedman ◽  
Maneka Puligandla ◽  
Donna S Neuberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Data Registry ◽  
History Of ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common severe hereditary blood disorder in the United States. A single nucleotide mutation leads to a modified β-chain of hemoglobin (β6Glu-Val). The pathology of SCD includes debilitating pain crises, progressive organ damage, and finally premature death. A significant portion of premature death in adults with SCD is attributable to cardiopulmonary disease with a disproportionate amount of sudden death. Sudden death has been associated with as much as 23.4% of mortality in adults with SCD (Darbari et al. Am J Haematology, 2006). In this study we aimed to identify risk factors for sudden death. As in previous studies, sudden death was defined as an unexpected death occurring in a relatively healthy SCD patient who dies at home or within 24 hours of hospitalization with or without a vaso-occlusive crisis. Identification of risk factors for sudden death will aid in developing interventions targeted at specific SCD patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of SCD-related deaths using the Partners Research Patient Data Registry (RPDR), a centralized clinical data registry that gathers clinical information from various hospitals within the Partners hospital systems and patients' electronic health records. The study was approved by our institution's IRB. The RPDR was queried to identify all patients associated with SCD. Only patients with a vital status of 'deceased' were used for the patient population. Patients who died before 1998 were excluded. Sixty-one patients were included and categorized by 'cause of death' into 5 groups. The patients' charts were reviewed to identify cause of death and SCD-related data between two years and up to 2 weeks prior to death. The patient variables examined covered demographics, sickle genotype, hydroxyurea exposure, blood pressure, EKG abnormalities, medical histories of acute chest syndrome (ACS), stroke, pulmonary embolism, leg ulcers, priapism, and retinopathy as well as laboratory data. The data were analyzed in 2 categories; 'sudden death' and 'other causes of death'. Results Of the 61 deceased patients, 33 (54%) were women and the average age at death was 39 years. Nineteen patients (31%) suffered sudden deaths: 7 (11%) sudden deaths at home (group I) and 12 (20%) deaths within 24 hours of hospitalization (group IV). Ten (16%) died of known causes related to SCD (group II), 22 (36%) died of known causes unrelated to SCD (group III) and 10 (16%) died of unknown causes (group V). Of the 19 patients who died suddenly (groups I and IV), 14 (74%) had a history of ACS and 17 (89%) had exposure to hydroxyurea. In comparison, of the patients who died of causes other than sudden death, only 15 (36%) had a history of ACS (p = 0.012) and only 18 (43%) had been exposed to hydroxyurea (p = 0.0008). A history of priapism was found in 4 of 10 (40%) men who suffered a sudden death and 0 of 18 (0%) men who died of other causes (p = 0.012). The frequencies of other measured variables, including dysrhythmias and QTc interval prolongation, were not markedly different between the groups. Discussion Sudden death remains a significant problem in SCD. Over 30% of deaths in this study were associated with sudden death. Our data show a higher rate of ACS and priapism in SCD patients who suffered a sudden death compared to those who died of other causes. Likewise, a history of hydroxyurea use was more likely in patients who suffered sudden death. Hydroxyurea use, probably a marker of severe disease, did not protect against the risk of sudden death in this small cohort of patients. These findings may be in keeping with a recent meta-analysis of 3257 SCD patients which was unable to confirm a mortality benefit with use of hydroxyurea in SCD (Maitra et al. Haematologica 2017). Conclusion Our results suggest that ACS and priapism may be indicative of a high risk of sudden death in patients with SCD. Our data are preliminary and need to be further investigated using a larger cohort of patients, as well as exploring the prevalence of these factors in SCD patients who are not yet deceased. Disclosures Achebe: Bluebird Bio: Consultancy; AMAG Pharmaceuticals: Other: Advisory Board; Luitpold pharmaceuticals: Consultancy.

scholarly journals New issues regarding drug-related deaths: combined suicide

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Jandl ◽  
A Hocevar Grom ◽  
A Drev
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medicinal Drugs ◽  
Death Cases

Abstract Background Observing drug-related deaths in Slovenia in the last years we have seen more and more combined suicides; with combination of illicit drugs or medicinal drugs taken in toxic or lethal concentrations and an external cause of death that is not poisoning. Methods In the case study we studied 4 cases of combined suicides in 2018, with combination of illicit drugs taken and an external cause of death that is not poisoning. Those deaths occurred among drug users shortly after the consumption of the substances, when drug(s) had reached toxic or lethal concentrations in their body in combination with external cause of death that is not poisoning. We examined forensic reports and toxicology analyses, involvement in treatment of drug addiction and hospital treatments. Results We will present 3 case reports of combined suicides, according to basic demographic characteristics, illicit drugs profile, external cause of death, history of treatment of drug addiction and hospital treatments. Conclusions Drug-related deaths are becoming increasingly complex and require consideration about the extension of the methodology to determine the cause of death. Cases of combined suicides pose a dilemma of the primary cause of death. Key messages Drug-related deaths are becoming increasingly complex. Trend of combined suicides; with combination of illicit drugs or medicinal drugs taken in toxic or lethal concentrations and an external cause of death that is not poisoning.

Anticonvulsant Use Elevated In Sudden Death Cases

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
MITCHEL L. ZOLER
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Death Cases

How Valid are Patient Reports of Family History of Illness?

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 162-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Harris ◽  
W. Margaret ◽  
Kathleen Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Death Certificate ◽  
Recall Rate ◽  
Patient Reports ◽  
Small Subgroup ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical Histories

The recall rate of patients’ family medical histories was studied in 200 cancer and non-cancer patients. Data on age and cause of death for parents and grandparents were collected. Although most patients knew the age and cause of death of parents, less than half knew for grandparents. Cancer patients had significantly greater recall for maternally related relatives. A subsample of patients’ family medical histories was compared to death certificate data. Patients’ reports were found to be highly inaccurate. Since only a small subgroup could provide medical history data for grandparents, the generaliz-ability for history of family illness is questioned.

scholarly journals Thymoma in an aged backyard Leghorn chicken, with reviews of a database and literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-339
Author(s):  
Julia Blakey ◽  
Carmen Jerry ◽  
Ana da Silva ◽  
Simone Stoute
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue Mass ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Laboratory System ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
Backyard Chickens

A 7-y-old backyard Leghorn chicken ( Gallus domesticus) was submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System (CAHFS)–Turlock branch for postmortem examination, with a history of unexpected death. At postmortem examination, a hemorrhagic soft tissue mass was observed in the cervical region. Microscopically, a densely cellular neoplasm of polygonal epithelial cells and small lymphocytes was observed. The microscopic features of the neoplasm in combination with positive immunohistochemistry for pancytokeratin and CD3 were used to classify the lesion as a thymoma. Thymoma was diagnosed in only 5 birds submitted to CAHFS from 1990 to 2019. Thymoma has been described only rarely in birds, and is an unusual diagnosis in backyard chickens.

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