Comparing Cephalic Index and Midsagittal Vector Analysis in Assessing Morphology in Sagittal Synostosis: A CT-Based Morphometric Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 944-952
Author(s):  
Brian Y. Hong ◽  
Emily S. Ho ◽  
Elizabeth Zellner ◽  
John H. Phillips ◽  
Christopher R. Forrest
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Vector Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Cephalic Index ◽  
Sagittal Synostosis ◽  
Ct Evaluation ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Assessment of cranial dysmorphism in sagittal synostosis is often subjective but objective measures can be applied. These include cephalic index (CI) and midsagittal vector analysis (MSVA). Objective: To assess discriminant validity, construct validity, and responsiveness of CI and MSVA measured from computed tomography (CT) in patients with sagittal synostosis. Methods: Patients with nonsyndromic isolated sagittal synostosis with complete preoperative (n = 30) and postoperative (n = 13) CT data were included. Age-matched control group (n = 24) comprised of normocephalic patients who underwent CT for reasons related to trauma. Outcome Measures: Retrospective CT evaluation of CI and MSVA was conducted and correlated with a dysmorphism numeric rating scale (D-NRS) that measured surgeon-rated severity of sagittal synostosis. Responsiveness of CI and MSVA was evaluated using dysmorphism global rating of change (D-GRC). Results: Thirty patients with sagittal synostosis were demographically similar to 24 normocephalic patients. The difference in CI and MSVA was statistically significant between normocephalic and scaphocephalic patients. Cephalic index had a good correlation with D-NRS ( r = −0.665, ρ = −0.667), but not with MSVA ( r = 0.250, ρ = 0.203). Change in CI ( r = 0.738, ρ = 0.657) was well correlated with D-GRC, but not with MSVA ( r = −0.409, ρ = −0.301). Conclusion: Cephalic index appears to quantify the severity of sagittal synostosis better than MSVA. Cephalic index also has better responsiveness than MSVA to measure a reduction in severity of disease; however, MSVA is a better descriptive craniometric measurement. Midsagittal vector analysis was able to quantify the shift in morphology in sagittal synostosis following surgical treatment.

Effects of Minimal Acupuncture in Children with Infantile Colic – a Prospective, Quasi-Randomised Single Blind Controlled Trial

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Reinthal ◽  
Sven Andersson ◽  
Marianne Gustafsson ◽  
Kaety Plos ◽  
Iréne Lund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Seek Health Care ◽  
Parental Assessment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment

Background Colic causes crying in 10–30% of infants and is one of the primary reasons parents seek health care. Treatments are generally not totally effective and some cause side effects. In this study we aimed to test the effect of light needling (minimal acupuncture) on crying. Methods Forty children (median six weeks of age) with excessive crying unresponsive to conventional therapies, were recruited from 21 Child Welfare Clinics within an area of western Sweden, and quasi-randomised to control or light needling treatment. Parents were unaware of which group their child was assigned to. Children were given light needling acupuncture on one point (LI4) on both hands for approximately 20 seconds on four occasions, or received the same care except needling. Parental assessment questionnaires were used pre- and post-treatment to assess crying intensity, frequency, duration of crying and pain related behaviour throughout the day in six hour periods. Results Light needling resulted in a significant reduction in the rated crying intensity (assessed by a numeric rating scale, 0 to 10). For example, during the morning time period 0600–1200 hours, the median (range) rated crying intensity changed from 6 (1 to 9) pre-treatment to 2 (0 to 5) post-treatment (P=0.002), in the light needling group. The corresponding ratings for the children in the control group was 6 (0 to 10) and 5 (0 to 10) respectively. The difference between the groups was significant (P=0.016). There were also significant differences between the groups for the afternoon (1200–1800 hours), and evening (1800–midnight) time periods. Pain related behaviour like facial expression, was also significantly less pronounced in the light needling group as compared to the control group post-treatment, (P=0.027). The parents rated the light needling as more effective in improving symptoms than the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion Four treatments with light needling on one point in the hand may alleviate crying and pain related behaviour without any noted side effects.

1005 Acquisition of Surgical Skills in Medical Students Via Telementoring: A Randomised Control Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Feeley ◽  
I Feeley ◽  
D Hehir
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
Global Rating Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Live Streaming ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Suturing Skills

Abstract Aim To evaluate the use of telementoring in acquisition of basic suturing skills in medical students. Method This was a single blinded two- armed randomised control trial. Medical students undergoing clinical rotations in their penultimate and final years were invited to participate in this study. Informed consent was obtained. The control group underwent conventional suturing training, with the interventional group undergoing the tutorial in a remote learning setting via live streaming. Pre- and post-test assessment was carried out using validated Global Rating Scale tool. Results Eleven students were enrolled in this study. Participants were comparable at baseline (p=.18) and following the tutorial (p=.29). Participants improved to a statistically significant degree in both the virtual group (p=.02) and the in-person group (p=.001). Conclusions Telementoring is an effective tool in the provision of teaching basic suturing skills in medical students. Research on its use in more complex practical skills is warranted.

scholarly journals Assessment of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Effects on the Electrophysiological Properties of the Ulnar Nerve: A Nerve Conduction Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 198-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sónia Chan ◽  
Sérgio Ferreira ◽  
Bruno Ramos ◽  
Maria João Santos ◽  
Luís Carlos Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Ulnar Nerve ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reaction Velocity ◽  
Electrophysiological Properties ◽  
Acupuncture And Moxibustion

Background/Aims: Acupuncture and moxibustion, when used together, have act mechanically and thermally on treated reflexological areas. The main goal of this work was to evaluate the effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on the electrophysiological properties of the ulnar nerve. Methods: Electrical stimulation was applied to the ulnar nerve above the epi­condyle of 28 volunteers. A 20-V potential was applied, and after each 10 impulses it was increased by 10 V, up to a maximum of 80 V. At 20 and 80 V, the participants were asked to rate the discomfort from 0 to 10 on a Numeric Rating Scale for pain. After the first stimulation and data collection, the control group rested for 6 min, while the intervention group was submitted to acupuncture and moxibustion on Lingdao (HT 4). Following this period of time, a second electrical stimulation was performed on both groups. Results: The discomfort was greater in the intervention group during the second stimulation. The stimulus required to achieve the maximum amplitude decreased, but the changes were only statistically significant in the intervention group (p = 0.006). An increase in latency and a decrease in reaction velocity were noticed between the first and the second stimulation for both groups; however, only the control group presented statistically significant differences (p = 0.018 and p = 0.022, respectively). Conclusions: Acupuncture and moxibustion on HT 4 increased the electrical sensitivity, decreased the stimulus intensity to achieve the maximum amplitude, and avoided a significant increase in latency and decrease in reaction velocity in two consecutive electrical stimulations.

scholarly journals Spiritual relaxation to reduce dysmenorrhea: a quasy experimental

MEDISAINS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Qurota A'yun ◽  
Mukhoirotin Mukhoirotin
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Early Mobilization ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Menstrual Pain ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Numeric Rating

Background: The dysmenorrhea prevalence is still reported high in the world. Several previous studies discovered that deep breathing relaxation effectively reduced dysmenorrhea. Other studies presented the combination of early mobilization and spiritual relaxation could reduce the level of client pain postoperative appendectomy, however the effectiveness of spiritual relaxation techniques to reduce dysmenorrhea is not yet tested.Objective: to determine the effect of spiritual relaxation to reduce dysmenorrhea.Method: The research design used was Quasi Experiment with the pretest-posttest Control Group Design approach. The populations were female students who experienced menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The variable in this study was dysmenorrhea. The sampling technique was simple ramdom sampling consisted of 44 respondents. The calculation instrument was NRS (Numeric Rating Scale) and data were analyzed through statistical test of Paired T-Test and Independent T-Test.Results: After spiritual relaxation treatment, the intensity of menstrual pain reduced significantly from 6.05 - 1.77, it proved that there was an effect of spiritual relaxation on dysmenorrhea with a significant value (ρ) of 0.000 (p ≤ 0.05). There were significant differences in the intensity of menstrual pain in the intervention and control groups (1.77 ± 1,109 vs 5.63 ± 0.445; p> 0.05).Conclusion: Spiritual relaxation effectively reduces dysmenorrhea

scholarly journals Comparative Effectiveness of Papaya Leaf Stew (Carica Papaya Linn) With Turmeric Acid (Curcuma Domestica Val-Tamarindus Indica) Against Primary Dysmenorrhea

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Yunita Liana
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Primary Dysmenorrhea ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Young women often feel primary dysmenorrhoea because the hormonal cycles experienced are not stable, this can disrupt the concentration and activity of young women. The principle of back to nature is increasingly popular today, the side effects of chemical drugs can cause new problems, it is one of the driving force of the development of traditional medicine. Papaya leaves contain Vitamin E which can reduce dysmenorrhea. In addition, turmeric acids also contain curcumine and anthocyanins that inhibit cyclooxygenase, thereby reducing the occurrence of inflammation during uterine contractions. The aim of this research is to know the effectiveness of papaya leaf stew with acidic turmeric to primary dysmenorrhea. Type of Research is an experimental study with a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design design. The sample is 30 people. The research was conducted on December 27, 2017 s.d February 24, 2018 at SMP Negeri 46 Palembang. Instrument to measure pain Numeric Rating Scale. The statistical test used by Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney U. Average score of pain before papaya leaves stem 5.40 ± 0.73 while the mean score of pain after given turmeric acid 5.33 ± 0.61 The mean score of pain after being given papaya leaves stew 3.60 ± 0.91 while the mean score of pain after given turmeric acid 4.06 ± 0.79. There was a difference of mean score of dysmenorrhea pain before and after given papaya leaf stem p value = 0.000. There is difference of mean score of dysmenorrhea pain before and after given turmeric acid p value = 0,002. There was no difference of mean score of dysmenorrhea pain before and after given papaya leaf sting and turmeric acid p value = 0,217. The decoction of papaya leaf and turmeric acid have the same effectiveness in reducing primary dysmenorrhea pain.

scholarly journals Effects of a Single Application of ScenarTM, a Low-Frequency Modulated Electric Current Therapy, for Pain Relief in Patients with Low Back and Neck Pain: A Randomized Single Blinded Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5570
Author(s):  
Mireille Michel-Cherqui ◽  
Avit Guirimand ◽  
Barbara Szekely ◽  
Titouan Kennel ◽  
Marc Fischler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Experienced Pain ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pain At Rest ◽  
Numeric Rating

We aimed to demonstrate the antalgic effectiveness of ScenarTM (Self-Controlled Electro Neuro Adaptative Regulation) in patients experiencing low back and neck pain. Sixty patients were included and equally assigned by randomization to a Scenar-On group and to a Scenar-Off group (sham group). All patients received a 20 min application of ScenarTM on the area where they experienced pain. The pain at rest and during movement and the sensation of stiffness were assessed using a numeric rating scale at baseline, immediately after the session and 24 h after the session. The patients’ characteristics at entry were similar between groups. The pain at rest decreased after the session in both groups (from 8 (4) to 5.0 (3) in the Scenar-Off group, p = 0.0001, and from 7 (3) to 4 (4) in the Scenar-On group, p < 0.0001). The difference was not statistically significant for the groups (p = 0.22). Similar results were observed during movement, but the sensation of stiffness was not modified. Such beneficial results did not last until the next day. No undesirable major effects were noticed. Our study does not support the fact that one ScenarTM session improves low back and neck pain better than a sham session.

A Treatment-Based Classification Algorithm to Treat Achilles Tendinopathy: An Exploratory Case Series

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-268
Author(s):  
Patti Syvertson ◽  
Emily Dietz ◽  
Monica Matocha ◽  
Janet McMurray ◽  
Russell Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Achilles Tendinopathy ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Indirect Treatment

Context:Achilles tendinopathy is relatively common in both the general and athletic populations. The current gold standard for the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy is eccentric exercise, which can be painful and time consuming. While there is limited research on indirect treatment approaches, it has been proposed that tendinopathy patients do respond to indirect approaches in fewer treatments without provoking pain.Objective:To determine the effectiveness of using a treatment-based-classification (TBC) algorithm as a strategy for classifying and treating patients diagnosed with Achilles tendinopathy.Participants:11 subjects (mean age 28.0 ±15.37 y) diagnosed with Achilles tendinopathy.Design:Case series.Setting:Participants were evaluated, diagnosed, and treated at multiple clinics.Main Outcome Measures:Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Disablement in the Physically Active Scale (DPA Scale), Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment–Achilles (VISA-A), Global Rating of Change (GRC), and Nirschl Phase Rating Scale were recorded to establish baseline scores and evaluate participant progress.Results:A repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to analyze NRS scores from initial exam to discharge and at 1-mo follow-up. Paired t tests were analyzed to determine the effectiveness of using a TBC algorithm from initial exam to discharge on the DPA Scale and VISA-A. Descriptive statistics were evaluated to determine outcomes as reported on the GRC.Conclusion:The results of this case series provide evidence that using a TBC algorithm can improve function while decreasing pain and disability in Achilles tendinopathy participants.

scholarly journals Aprendizagem Assistida por Pares: Uma Alternativa Pedagógica no Ensino de Competências a Estudantes de Medicina

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 742
Author(s):  
Joana Fernandes Ribeiro ◽  
Manuel Rosete ◽  
Andreia Teixeira ◽  
Hugo Conceição ◽  
Lèlita Santos
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Surgical Skills ◽  
Global Rating Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Learning Program ◽  
Peer Assisted Learning

Introduction: Technical skills training is fundamental for clinical practice although poorly emphasised in undergraduate medical curricula. In these circumstances, Peer Assisted Learning methodology has emerged as a valid alternative to overcome this insufficiency. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact on students of a Peer Assisted Learning program in basic surgical skills, regarding technical competences and knowledge improvement.Material and Methods: A total of 104 randomly selected third year medical students participated in a workshop delivered by fifth year students. From that total, 34 students were assessed before and after the workshop, using the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills instrument, that consists of a global rating scale and a procedure-specific checklist. Sixth year students (control group) were also assessed in their performance without participating in the workshop. Before workshop versus after workshop Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills results were compared using Wilcoxon and McNemar tests. After workshop versus control group Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills results were compared using Mann-Whitney, qui-squared test and Fisher’s exact test.Results: For the global rating scale, students obtained an after the workshop score (29.5) that was significantly higher than the before the workshop score (15.5; p-value < 0.001), but no significant differences were found between after the workshop and control group scores (p-value = 0.167). For the procedure-specific checklist, 3rd year students had a substantial positive evolution in all parameters and obtained higher rates of correct achievements compared to the control group.Discussion: The final outcomes demonstrated a significant qualitative and quantitative improvement of knowledge and technical skills, which is in accordance with other literature.Conclusion: This Peer Assisted Learning program revealed promising results concerning improvement of surgical skills in medical students, with little staff faculty contribution and extension to a much broader number of students.

scholarly journals Effects of Intraoperative Nefopam on Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort in Patients Undergoing Robotic Nephrectomy: A Randomized Double-Blind Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Chi-Bum In ◽  
Young-Tae Jeon ◽  
Ah-Young Oh ◽  
Se-Jong Jin ◽  
Byeong-Seon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Analgesic Agent ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Robotic Nephrectomy ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Numeric Rating

Catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) is one of the most difficult symptoms during the postoperative period. Nefopam is a non-narcotic analgesic agent, which also has anticholinergic action. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of nefopam on CRBD in male patients undergoing robotic nephrectomy. A total of 109 male patients were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (n = 55) received 20 mL of normal saline, and the nefopam group (n = 54) received 20 mg of nefopam 1 h before the end of the operation. At postoperative times of 20 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 6 h, the severity of CRBD was measured using an 11-point numeric rating scale, respectively. The severity of CRBD in the nefopam group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 20 min (4.8 ± 1.3 vs. 2.3 ± 1.0, respectively, p = 0.012) and at 1, 2, and 6 h (3.5 ± 1.2, 2.7 ± 0.9, and 2.5 ± 1.0 vs. 4.1 ± 0.8, 1.6 ± 0.8, and 1.3 ± 0.6, respectively, p < 0001). Intraoperative nefopam administration reduced the severity of CRBD in patients undergoing robotic nephrectomy.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Analgesic Effect of Ropivacaine with Fentanyl and Ropivacaine Alone in Continuous Epidural Infusion for Acute Herpes Zoster Management: A Retrospective Study

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee Yong Kang ◽  
Chung Hun Lee ◽  
Sang Sik Choi ◽  
Mi Kyoung Lee ◽  
Yeon Joo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Complete Remission ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Epidural Infusion ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Continuous Epidural Infusion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Control Pain ◽  
Numeric Rating

Background and Objectives: Currently, few studies have reported the effects of opioids during continuous epidural infusion (CEI) to control pain owing to herpes zoster (HZ). This study aimed to retrospectively compare the effectiveness of epidural opioids in the treatment of acute HZ pain. Materials and Methods: We reviewed medical records of 105 patients who were divided into two groups: R group (CEI with ropivacaine) and RF group (CEI with ropivacaine and fentanyl). Clinical efficacy was evaluated using the numeric rating scale (NRS) score for 6 months after the procedures. We compared the percentage of patients with complete remission in each group. We investigated the complication rates during CEI. Results: No significant differences in the NRS scores were observed between the two groups in the 6-month period. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for patients included in the complete remission was 0.6 times lower in the RF group than in the R group (95% confidence interval: 0.22–1.71, p = 0.35). The OR for complications during CEI was higher in the RF group than in the R group. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: No difference was observed in the management of HZ pain and the prevention of postherpetic neuralgia between the two groups. The incidence of complications tended to be higher in the RF group than in the R group.

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