The More Divided Academy: Did the Fall of the Faculty and the Rise of the All-Administrative University Increase Racial Conflict in Higher Education?

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-169
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Woessner ◽  
Robert Maranto
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Undergraduate Admissions ◽  
Administrator Support ◽  
The North ◽  
Institutional Sector ◽  
Racial Incidents ◽  
Faculty And Administrators

Despite efforts to redress racial grievances, American’s most progressive institutional sector, higher education, suffers racial incidents with disturbing frequency. We hypothesize that one explanation lies in the bureaucratization of higher education. Various trends have led to what Benjamin Ginsberg calls “the fall of the faculty” and “the all-administrative university.” We hypothesize that insulated from students and responsive to national employment markets, administrators adopt policies promoting the short-term appearance of successful integration, and driven by ideology. Faculty, in contrast, may focus on long-term student well-being, acknowledging policy tradeoffs. Using the North American Academic Survey Study ( n = 1,643 faculty and 808 administrators), we construct statistical models of attitudes toward race-based undergraduate admissions and faculty hiring. Contrary to predictions, both faculty and administrators offer nuanced support for affirmative action acknowledging potential tradeoffs. Further, ideology better explains faculty than administrator support. Implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of COVID-19 on College Students’ Mental Health in the United States: Interview Survey Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changwon Son ◽  
Sudeep Hegde ◽  
Alec Smith ◽  
Xiaomei Wang ◽  
Farzan Sasangohar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Positive Coping ◽  
Negative Impacts

BACKGROUND Student mental health in higher education has been an increasing concern. The COVID-19 pandemic situation has brought this vulnerable population into renewed focus. OBJECTIVE Our study aims to conduct a timely assessment of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of college students. METHODS We conducted interview surveys with 195 students at a large public university in the United States to understand the effects of the pandemic on their mental health and well-being. The data were analyzed through quantitative and qualitative methods. RESULTS Of the 195 students, 138 (71%) indicated increased stress and anxiety due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Multiple stressors were identified that contributed to the increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depressive thoughts among students. These included fear and worry about their own health and of their loved ones (177/195, 91% reported negative impacts of the pandemic), difficulty in concentrating (173/195, 89%), disruptions to sleeping patterns (168/195, 86%), decreased social interactions due to physical distancing (167/195, 86%), and increased concerns on academic performance (159/195, 82%). To cope with stress and anxiety, participants have sought support from others and helped themselves by adopting either negative or positive coping mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Due to the long-lasting pandemic situation and onerous measures such as lockdown and stay-at-home orders, the COVID-19 pandemic brings negative impacts on higher education. The findings of our study highlight the urgent need to develop interventions and preventive strategies to address the mental health of college students.

Third World vulnerabilities and global negotiations

1983 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Krasner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Third World ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
The North ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
The Common ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
And Control

What do Third World countries want? More wealth. How can they get it? By adopting more economically rational policies. What should the North do? Facilitate these policies. How should the North approach global negotiations? With cautious optimism. What is the long term prognosis for North–South relations? Hopeful, at least if economic development occurs. This is the common wisdom about relations between industrialized and developing areas in the United States and much of the rest of the North, Within this fold there are intense debates among adherents of conventional liberal, reformist liberal, and interdependence viewpoints. But the emphasis on economics at the expense of politics, on material well-being as opposed to power and control, pervades all of these orientations.

scholarly journals Well-being innovation platform projects of the North-West University: Evaluative perceptions of community participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lebogang Sebeco ◽  
Johan Zaaiman
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Community Members ◽  
North West ◽  
Profile Model ◽  
The North

Community engagement referred to approaches in which communities were involved in activities that positively impacted their lives. Currently, higher education institutions have community engagement high on their agenda. This article focussed on how this engagement ought to be managed through the responses of community members to such an intervention. It presented community members’ evaluative perceptions on the North-West University’s (NWU) well-being innovation (WIN) platform projects in the Vaalharts community. This research was qualitative and a case study design was followed. Through interviews and focus groups, the perceptions of participants of the WIN platform projects were obtained. The data used stemmed from empirical research by the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) and the researchers. Although this study could reach only a limited number of project participants, they provided valuable insights into the ways they had experienced the projects. Guided by the Context–Focus–Profile model, a comprehensive evaluation framework was constructed for the interview and focus groups’ schedules. The findings indicated that the community members had positive perceptions of the projects, which had contributed most especially to skills and self-development. However, as members of a poor community, such people are vulnerable. To ensure that they feel respected and that projects fit their needs to ensure long-lasting benefits, the way in which community engagement was conducted was important. Recommendations for improvement emerging from this study focussed on collaboration, communication, monitoring and recruitment. This article thereby contributed to the debate about higher education institutions’ involvement in community engagement and demonstrated the value of using the Context–Focus–Profile model for evaluation purposes.

scholarly journals Determinants of Long-Term Unemployment in Brazil in 2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Elano F. Arruda ◽  
Daniel B. Guimarães ◽  
Ivan Castelar ◽  
Pablo U. C. Castelar
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southeast Region ◽  
The North ◽  
National Household Survey ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Using Data

This work analyzes the determinants of the probability of a Brazilian worker being unemployed for more than a year, using data from the 2013 National Household Survey (PNAD) and applying a probit model. The results show a lower chance of remaining jobless of males, heads of households, those who declared themselves black, younger people, those who completed higher education or are in the process of acquiring it, and residents of the Southeast and South regions of Brazil. The probabilistic scenarios show that the Brazilian workers least likely to remain unemployed for over a year are males, residents in the South or Southeast region, heads of a household, between 36 and 45 years of age, with higher education, with only a 0.6% chance of remaining in that condition. On the other hand, the workers with the highest chance of remaining unemployed are females, between 46 and 65 years old, residents in the North region, illiterate and not household heads, with a 41% probability of remaining unemployed.

Connectivity, Community, and Kinship as Strategies to Foster Queer and Trans College Student Retention

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-496
Author(s):  
Erich N. Pitcher ◽  
S. L. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
College Students ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
College Student Retention ◽  
Educational Trajectories ◽  
Education Leaders ◽  
Higher Education Leaders ◽  
Hostile Environments

Given that multiple forms of oppression are endemic to higher education, strategies intended to retain queer and trans college students should mirror the strategies of survival and thriving found within queer and trans communities. Fostering and bolstering connections, community, and kinship among queer and trans college students through a lens of multiplicities of identities will better support queer and trans students’ retention. For example, some queer and trans students may depart from an institution—whether temporary or long term to support their own well-being and identity development, given the various forms of oppression that higher education institutions instantiate and exacerbate. We call on higher education leaders to take seriously their role in reducing or eliminating the harm caused to queer and trans college students. Queer and trans college students are resilient within hostile environments and have agency about their educational trajectories.

scholarly journals Effects of COVID-19 on College Students’ Mental Health in the United States: Interview Survey Study

10.2196/21279 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. e21279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changwon Son ◽  
Sudeep Hegde ◽  
Alec Smith ◽  
Xiaomei Wang ◽  
Farzan Sasangohar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Positive Coping ◽  
Negative Impacts

Background Student mental health in higher education has been an increasing concern. The COVID-19 pandemic situation has brought this vulnerable population into renewed focus. Objective Our study aims to conduct a timely assessment of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of college students. Methods We conducted interview surveys with 195 students at a large public university in the United States to understand the effects of the pandemic on their mental health and well-being. The data were analyzed through quantitative and qualitative methods. Results Of the 195 students, 138 (71%) indicated increased stress and anxiety due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Multiple stressors were identified that contributed to the increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depressive thoughts among students. These included fear and worry about their own health and of their loved ones (177/195, 91% reported negative impacts of the pandemic), difficulty in concentrating (173/195, 89%), disruptions to sleeping patterns (168/195, 86%), decreased social interactions due to physical distancing (167/195, 86%), and increased concerns on academic performance (159/195, 82%). To cope with stress and anxiety, participants have sought support from others and helped themselves by adopting either negative or positive coping mechanisms. Conclusions Due to the long-lasting pandemic situation and onerous measures such as lockdown and stay-at-home orders, the COVID-19 pandemic brings negative impacts on higher education. The findings of our study highlight the urgent need to develop interventions and preventive strategies to address the mental health of college students.

scholarly journals Validation of the Psychological Insight Scale: A new scale to assess psychological insight following a psychedelic experience

2022 ◽  
pp. 026988112110667
Author(s):  
Joseph M Peill ◽  
Katie E Trinci ◽  
Hannes Kettner ◽  
Lea J Mertens ◽  
Leor Roseman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
High Internal Consistency ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: As their name suggests, ‘psychedelic’ (mind-revealing) compounds are thought to catalyse processes of psychological insight; however, few satisfactory scales exist to sample this. This study sought to develop a new scale to measure psychological insight after a psychedelic experience: the Psychological Insight Scale (PIS). Methods: The PIS is a six- to seven-item questionnaire that enquires about psychological insight after a psychedelic experience (PIS-6) and accompanied behavioural changes (PIS item 7). In total, 886 participants took part in a study in which the PIS and other questionnaires were completed in a prospective fashion in relation to a planned psychedelic experience. For validation purposes, data from 279 participants were analysed from a non-specific ‘global psychedelic survey’ study. Results: Principal components analysis of PIS scores revealed a principal component explaining 73.57% of the variance, which displayed high internal consistency at multiple timepoints throughout the study (average Cronbach’s α = 0.94). Criterion validity was confirmed using the global psychedelic survey study, and convergent validity was confirmed via the Therapeutic-Realizations Scale. Furthermore, PIS scores significantly mediated the relationship between emotional breakthrough and long-term well-being. Conclusion: The PIS is complementary to current subjective measures used in psychedelic studies, most of which are completed in relation to the acute experience. Insight – as measured by the PIS – was found to be a key mediator of long-term psychological outcomes following a psychedelic experience. Future research may investigate how insight varies throughout a psychedelic process, its underlying neurobiology and how it impacts behaviour and mental health.

Identifying the Barriers and Enablers for Supporting Learners with Special Needs in Higher Education

2014 ◽  
pp. 467-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Nicholl ◽  
Deryn Graham ◽  
Jennifer Redpath ◽  
Patricia Kearney ◽  
Jonathan Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Staff Development ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Participation In Higher Education ◽  
The University

This chapter provides a systematic analysis of thirteen in-depth interviews of disabled students from both universities in Northern Ireland. Undertaken as part of the Uni4U initiative hosted within the University of Ulster, the findings presented describe barriers experienced by students with disabilities to participation in higher education across both universities. The students provided comments concerning their current support provisions, barriers they have experienced, and suggestions for improvements to the service. Examination of the findings leads to three recommendations: firstly, that a network of communication should exist that encourages dialogue between all parties with an interest in the well-being of the student, with the student at the heart of these discussions and involved in all decisions; secondly, that attention must be paid to staff development especially with regard to Mental Health Issues; and finally, that in the long term the aim of institutions should be to move away from individual “reasonable adjustments” to inclusive education for all.

scholarly journals Weight discrimination: Are colleges preparing their graduates for successful employment and careers?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Oliver W. A. Wilson ◽  
Melissa Bopp
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Societal Implications ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Weight Discrimination ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

Background: Colleges are uniquely positioned to influence both the short and long-term health and well-being of students through implementation of interventions to prevent and/or treat obesity among students; and have a vested interest given obesity has the potential to impact students' matriculation, graduation, and career prospects.Aim: To illustrate the essential roles of colleges to influence obesity prevention and treatment given the potential to influence the students' matriculation, graduation, and career prospects.Methods: The discussion begins with an overview of the prevalence and societal implications of obesity. Next the implications for higher education with respect to matriculation and graduation, the influence of higher education on lifestyle behaviors, and the influence of obesity on academic performance. This is followed by the influence of obesity on students' post-higher education lives, including potential discrimination when seeking employment, and the impact that the nature of the jobs that graduates attain may have on their health and well-being.Results: There exists a great need to reduce the prevalence of obesity and colleges are well positioned to provide leadership and direction.Conclusions: Implications for colleges are set forth, with ways in which they can play a role in promoting student health detailed.

Long-term Cyclic Variations of Prominences, Green and Red Coronae over Solar Cycles

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Vojtech Rušin ◽  
Milan Minarovjech ◽  
Milan Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Emission Lines ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
The South ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
The North ◽  
Cyclic Variations

AbstractLong-term cyclic variations in the distribution of prominences and intensities of green (530.3 nm) and red (637.4 nm) coronal emission lines over solar cycles 18–23 are presented. Polar prominence branches will reach the poles at different epochs in cycle 23: the north branch at the beginning in 2002 and the south branch a year later (2003), respectively. The local maxima of intensities in the green line show both poleward- and equatorward-migrating branches. The poleward branches will reach the poles around cycle maxima like prominences, while the equatorward branches show a duration of 18 years and will end in cycle minima (2007). The red corona shows mostly equatorward branches. The possibility that these branches begin to develop at high latitudes in the preceding cycles cannot be excluded.

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