scholarly journals Neighborhood-Level Factors Related to Asthma in Children Living in Urban Areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelli DePriest ◽  
Arlene Butz
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Asthma Morbidity ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Asthma Child ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Asthma disproportionately affects children who are non-White and of low socioeconomic status. One innovative approach to address these health disparities is to investigate the child’s neighborhood environment and factors influencing asthma symptoms. The purpose of this integrative review is to critique research investigating the relationships between neighborhood-level factors and asthma morbidity in urban children. Three literature databases were searched using the terms “asthma,” “child,” “neighborhood,” and “urban.” The articles included were organized into six themes within the larger domains of prevalence, physical, and social factors. Literature tables provide in-depth analysis of each article and demonstrate a need for strengthening analysis methods. The current research points to the necessity for a multilevel study to analyze neighborhood-level factors that are associated with increased asthma morbidity in urban children. School nurse clinicians, working within children’s neighborhoods, are uniquely positioned to assess modifiable neighborhood-level determinants of health in caring for children with asthma.

scholarly journals Prevalence of falls in elderly in Brazil: a countrywide analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1819-1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Vinholes Siqueira ◽  
Luiz Augusto Facchini ◽  
Denise Silva da Silveira ◽  
Roberto Xavier Piccini ◽  
Elaine Tomasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
The North ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Falls In Elderly

We conducted a cross-sectional study of a sample of 6,616 elderly living in urban areas of 100 municipalities in 23 Brazilian states, who responded to questions on the occurrence of falls in the 12 months prior to the interview, and occurrence of fractures due to the falls. The prevalence of falls among the elderly was 27.6% (95%CI: 26.5-28.7). Among those reporting falls, 11% had suffered fractures as a result. Of the elderly, 36% had received guidance about the precautions necessary to prevent falls, and about 1% had required surgery. Falls were associated with female gender, older age, low socioeconomic status, obesity and sedentary lifestyles. The prevalence of falls differed significantly between the North and other regions of Brazil. The study shows a high prevalence of falls, and underlines the need for preventive strategies targeting modifiable risk factors.

scholarly journals Psychiatric profile of patients with alcoholism

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2305
Author(s):  
Versi L. ◽  
Umashankar M.
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Psychiatric Facility ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome

Background: The overall personality is related to the treatment outcome. Hence for successful treatment and management of alcohol dependent cases, it is essential to understand their personality. Objective was to study the psychiatric profile of patients with alcoholism.Methods: Present cross sectional hospital based study was conducted for six months in department of psychiatry, Institute of mental health, Hyderabad, a tertiary care psychiatric facility. This 600 bedded hospital has a daily outpatient clinic and provides inpatient care. Alcohol dependence syndrome and uncomplicated withdrawal state patients only were included in the present study. Age less than 18 and more than 60 years, patients with mental retardation, patients with personality disorders were excluded.Results: Majority of subjects belongs upper low socioeconomic status 57.50% (n=23), 36 (90%) were Hindus, two (5%) were Muslims and two (5%) were Christians. 42.5% (n=17) were illiterate, 22.5% (n=9) were having primary school education. 12.5% (n=5) were single, 87.5% (n=35) were married. 77.5% (n=31) were unskilled, 17.5% (n=7) were semiskilled, and 5% (n=2) were skilled. Maximum were from rural areas (67.5%) and 32.5% were from urban areas. self-injurious behavior is female and males are same 25% (n=5). Majority of males in the high-risk level of severity of alcoholism has banging head against something, to the extent that caused a bruise to appear type of behavior.Conclusions: Majority alcoholics were from low social classes, were illiterate, were married, unskilled workers. Hence these group people should be paid proper attention to prevent the occurrence of alcoholism among them.

An Exploration in Mindfulness: Classroom of Detectives

2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (12) ◽  
pp. 2775-2785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Reid ◽  
Lisa Miller
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Summer Program ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
School Based ◽  
Background Context

Background/Context This exploratory feasibility study assesses a mindfulness program in a fifth-grade classroom. The research discussed herein was built on a previous study targeted at a specific population of children within the classroom and assessed the benefits of teaching mindfulness meditation to 7- and 8-year-old children who met criteria for generalized anxiety disorder. Purpose/Focus of Study The primary aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the feasibility of a mindfulness training workbook written for young children. The mindfulness workbook uses a fictional character in a storybook format. The goal was to help children understand and access their own mindfulness within the classroom setting without instruction by teachers and without using meditation techniques. Setting The study was conducted in a school-based setting. Participants Participants were 24 children of low socioeconomic status (SES) from urban areas in Fairfield County, Connecticut, who attended a summer program. The subjects described were of a nonclinical population, and all were rising fifth graders. Research Design The predominantly qualitative study was rooted in an action research design method, which allowed for program adjustments to be made as needed. Findings The mindfulness program was feasible, and overall improvements in attention were evident. Conclusions The children who needed the most help at the onset of the program showed the greatest improvement by the end.

scholarly journals Exposure to bisphenols and asthma morbidity among low-income urban children with asthma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesliam Quirós-Alcalá ◽  
Nadia N. Hansel ◽  
Meredith McCormack ◽  
Antonia M. Calafat ◽  
Xiaoyun Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Asthma Morbidity ◽  
Children With Asthma

scholarly journals Socioeconomic status moderates the association between perceived environment and active commuting to school

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Augusto de Paula da Silva ◽  
Rogério César Fermino ◽  
Carla Adriane Souza ◽  
Alex Vieira Lima ◽  
Ciro Romelio Rodriguez-Añez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Active Commuting ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Moderator Effect ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Perceived Environment ◽  
Active Commuting To School ◽  
Status Classification

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the moderator effect of socioeconomic status in the association between the perceived environment and active commuting to school. METHODS: A total of 495 adolescents and their parents were interviewed. Perceived environment was operationalized in traffic and crime safety and assessed with the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale. Active commuting was self-reported by the adolescents, categorized in walking, bicycling or skating at least one time/week. Socioeconomic status was used as moderator effect, reported from adolescents’ parents or guardians using Brazilian standardized socioeconomic status classification. Analyses were performed with Poisson regression on Stata 12.0. RESULTS: Prevalence of active commuting was 63%. Adolescents with low socioeconomic status who reported “it is easy to observe pedestrians and cyclists” were more likely to actively commute to school (PR = 1.18, 95%CI 1.03–1.13). Adolescents with low socioeconomic status whose parents or legal guardians reported positively to “being safe crossing the streets” had increased probability of active commuting to school (PR = 1.10, 95%CI 1.01–1.20), as well as those with high socioeconomic status with “perception of crime” were positively associated to the outcome (PR = 1.33, 95%CI 1.03–1.72). CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic status showed moderating effects in the association between the perceived environment and active commuting to school.

scholarly journals Ascaris lumbricoides infection and parasite load are associated with asthma in children

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (07) ◽  
pp. 891-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerson Bragagnoli ◽  
Maria Teresa Nascimento Silva
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis

Introduction: Association between Ascaris lumbricoides infection and asthma is a controversial subject that has been studied by several authors based on the hygiene theory. This work contributes to better understanding this issue. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study involving 1,004 children from a neighborhood of low socioeconomic status in Campina Grande, Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. Asthma was diagnosed using the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. Intestinal parasitosis was diagnosed by parasitological examination (the Ritchie technique), and parasite load determined by the Kato-Katz technique. The statistical analysis was descriptive, and hypotheses were tested according to odds ratios. Results: A total of 260 children were infected with A. lumbricoides, and 233 had asthma. Light parasite loads were significantly associated with asthma (wheezing more than three times per year); p = 0.003, OR = 0.41(IC 0.22 – 0.75), while the heavy parasite loads were not; p = 0.002, OR = 2.37(IC 1.35 – 4.18). Similar results were observed in almost all the symptoms of asthma. No association was found with maternal educational level. Conclusion: In children living in urban areas of low socioeconomic status, a light parasite load of A. lumbricoides is a protective factor against asthma and its symptoms. Meanwhile, heavy parasite load is a risk factor and contributes to the high prevalence of asthma and its symptoms among these children.

scholarly journals Resilience in low-socioeconomic-status children with asthma: Adaptations to stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 970-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Chen ◽  
Robert C. Strunk ◽  
Alexandra Trethewey ◽  
Hannah M.C. Schreier ◽  
Nandini Maharaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Children With Asthma

Adolescent Suicidality as Seen in Rural Northeastern Uganda

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Kinyanda ◽  
Ruth Kizza ◽  
Jonathan Levin ◽  
Sheila Ndyanabangi ◽  
Catherine Abbo
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Suicidal behavior in adolescence is a public health concern and has serious consequences for adolescents and their families. There is, however, a paucity of data on this subject from sub-Saharan Africa, hence the need for this study. Aims: A cross-sectional multistage survey to investigate adolescent suicidality among other things was undertaken in rural northeastern Uganda. Methods: A structured protocol administered by trained psychiatric nurses collected information on sociodemographics, mental disorders (DSM-IV criteria), and psychological and psychosocial risk factors for children aged 3–19 years (N = 1492). For the purposes of this paper, an analysis of a subsample of adolescents (aged 10–19 years; n = 897) was undertaken. Results: Lifetime suicidality in this study was 6.1% (95% CI, 4.6%–7.9%). Conclusions: Factors significantly associated with suicidality included mental disorder, the ecological factor district of residence, factors suggestive of low socioeconomic status, and disadvantaged childhood experiences.

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