scholarly journals Psychiatric profile of patients with alcoholism

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2305
Author(s):  
Versi L. ◽  
Umashankar M.
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Psychiatric Facility ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome

Background: The overall personality is related to the treatment outcome. Hence for successful treatment and management of alcohol dependent cases, it is essential to understand their personality. Objective was to study the psychiatric profile of patients with alcoholism.Methods: Present cross sectional hospital based study was conducted for six months in department of psychiatry, Institute of mental health, Hyderabad, a tertiary care psychiatric facility. This 600 bedded hospital has a daily outpatient clinic and provides inpatient care. Alcohol dependence syndrome and uncomplicated withdrawal state patients only were included in the present study. Age less than 18 and more than 60 years, patients with mental retardation, patients with personality disorders were excluded.Results: Majority of subjects belongs upper low socioeconomic status 57.50% (n=23), 36 (90%) were Hindus, two (5%) were Muslims and two (5%) were Christians. 42.5% (n=17) were illiterate, 22.5% (n=9) were having primary school education. 12.5% (n=5) were single, 87.5% (n=35) were married. 77.5% (n=31) were unskilled, 17.5% (n=7) were semiskilled, and 5% (n=2) were skilled. Maximum were from rural areas (67.5%) and 32.5% were from urban areas. self-injurious behavior is female and males are same 25% (n=5). Majority of males in the high-risk level of severity of alcoholism has banging head against something, to the extent that caused a bruise to appear type of behavior.Conclusions: Majority alcoholics were from low social classes, were illiterate, were married, unskilled workers. Hence these group people should be paid proper attention to prevent the occurrence of alcoholism among them.

scholarly journals Prevalence of falls in elderly in Brazil: a countrywide analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1819-1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Vinholes Siqueira ◽  
Luiz Augusto Facchini ◽  
Denise Silva da Silveira ◽  
Roberto Xavier Piccini ◽  
Elaine Tomasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
The North ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Falls In Elderly

We conducted a cross-sectional study of a sample of 6,616 elderly living in urban areas of 100 municipalities in 23 Brazilian states, who responded to questions on the occurrence of falls in the 12 months prior to the interview, and occurrence of fractures due to the falls. The prevalence of falls among the elderly was 27.6% (95%CI: 26.5-28.7). Among those reporting falls, 11% had suffered fractures as a result. Of the elderly, 36% had received guidance about the precautions necessary to prevent falls, and about 1% had required surgery. Falls were associated with female gender, older age, low socioeconomic status, obesity and sedentary lifestyles. The prevalence of falls differed significantly between the North and other regions of Brazil. The study shows a high prevalence of falls, and underlines the need for preventive strategies targeting modifiable risk factors.

Nutritional anaemia in children in post supplementation era: A cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Manoj Kumar Singh ◽  
Vineet Kumar Singh ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Sheo Pratap Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Female Children ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12

Background: Nutritional anemia is still the primary cause of anemia despite of various nutritional programmes in developing countries. Aims and Objective: The present study was planned to asses Iron, Folate, and Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia in developing countries. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Agra in collaboration with Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi. Admitted children of age 6 months to 14 years having signs and symptoms of anaemia were included in the study. Sample size calculated was 157. All the cases were subjected to CBC, GBP, serum iron, ferritin, folate and vitamin B12 level estimation. Results: Out of 672 children, 157 children with clinical feature of anaemia were enrolled in the study. Among these 157 children, 52.87% were male. Percent proportion of anaemia was highest among toddlers (27.39%) and lowest in adolescent (10.83%). The maximum cases were of urban area (65.6%) and middle socioeconomic status (47.13%). Most of the children were undernourished/underweight (60.4%). Mean iron level was significantly low in female children, children of rural areas, low socioeconomic status and malnutrition/underweight. Mixed iron, folate and B12 deficiency was found in 48.41%, 30.57% and 22.93% cases respectively. In 24.20% cases no deficiencies were found and were classified as anaemia due to some unspecified causes. Conclusion: Nutritional deficiency anaemia is contributing to a large proportion of anaemic patients. More intensified programmes are needed especially for female children, children of rural areas, low socioeconomic status and malnutrition/underweight.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of syphilis among pregnant females attending antenatal clinic at a tertiary care hospital in North India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Noor Jahan ◽  
Swastika Singh Chandel ◽  
Deepak Chopra ◽  
Arshiya Khan ◽  
Razia Khatoon
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
North India ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pregnant Females

Background: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by bacteria named Treponema palladium, subsp. pallidum. Nearly 1.36 million pregnant women are known to be affected by syphilis in the developing countries. When left untreated syphilis during pregnancy can result in adverse fetal outcomes such as spontaneous abortion and stillbirth. Objective of the study was present study was done to evaluate the seroprevalence of syphilis among pregnant females attending Antenatal Clinic (ANC).Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was done over a period of six months from January to June 2019. A total of 132 pregnant females were included in the study who attended Antenatal Clinic for routine checkup whose blood samples were sent to Microbiology Laboratory for screening for syphilis by Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test.Results: Out of 132 samples of pregnant females screened for syphilis, none of the sample was found reactive for syphilis by RPR test. Maximum patients (57.6%) belonged to age group 20-25 years followed by (27.3%) of 26-30 years. 30.3% patients belonged to urban areas and 69.7% patients belonged to rural areas. Majority of patients (80.3%) belonged to first trimester, followed by (18.9%) patients to second trimester and (0.8%) patients to third trimester. 78.8% patients were from lower socio-economic class followed by 12.9% patients from middle class and 8.3% patients from upper class.Conclusions: Although zero percent syphilis prevalence was observed in this study, it is recommended that free screening for syphilis should be offered to all pregnant females visiting Antenatal Clinic.

scholarly journals DEMOGRAPHICS AND MAJOR INDICATIONS FOR THE WARFARIN USE, THE COMPLIANCE RATE AND THE FACTORS CONTRIBUTING IN NON-ADHERENCE AMONG PATIENTS PRESENTING TO A TERTIARY CARDIAC CENTER OF PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (Suppl-4) ◽  
pp. S887-91
Author(s):  
Muhammad Talha Bin Nazir ◽  
Muhammad Mujtaba Ali Siddiqui ◽  
Hamid Sharif Khan ◽  
Mohsin Saif ◽  
Shabana Kousar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Warfarin Therapy ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cardiac Center

Objective: To assess the impact of a dedicated hospital based warfarin clinic assessing patients’ knowledge and improving the drug compliance in a tertiary cardiac center of Pakistan. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology from Jan 2019 to Jul 2019. Methodology: Patients presenting in the anticoagulation clinic using warfarin for different cardiovascular indications from Jan to Jul 2019 were included in the study. Patients were assessed for their underlying cardiovascular condition, their international normalized ratio levels checked using a standard technique. The patients’ knowledge about the drug and the degree of compliance was judged by eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). The patients were thoroughly counseled and reassessed six months later assessing the improvement in compliance with the warfarin therapy. Results: Total number of 401 patients using warfarin for different cardiovascular diseases were studied. The mean age was 43.3 ± 13.3 years with 218 (54.5%) patients being male. Most of the patient 300 (75%) belonged to the low socio-economic group with average monthly income of <PKR 10,000/$65. In addition, 61.4% of the patients belonged to the rural set up. Mechanical valve replacement made the bulk of the indication for warfarin therapy with 44.7% of patients with mechanical mitral valve, 14% with mechanical double valve and 13% with mechanical aortic valve replacement. 13.7% of the patients on warfarin therapy had atrial fibrillation while 6.9% either had venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism. The compliance was good in 76.1% on baseline visit which increased to 86.7% on the first visit at six-month interval. Residence in rural areas and low socioeconomic status were the two factors contributing to poorer compliance which improved on the first visit. Conclusion: Low socioeconomic status and residents of rural areas were resulting in comparatively poorer compliance with warfarin therapy which improved by educating such patients in specific warfarin clinic.

scholarly journals Sero-Prevalence and Risk Factors for Helicobacter pylori Infection Among Individuals with and those Without Dyspepsia in Zaria, Northwestern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Okonkwo Lilian Okwubenata ◽  
Musa Bolanle Olufunke Priscilla ◽  
Hali Bello ◽  
Mustapha Shettima Kagu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Study Participants

Background Helicobacter pylori infection is prevalent in African region especially in areas with low socioeconomic status. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for Helicobacter pylori Infection among individuals with and those without dyspepsia Materials and Methods The study was cross sectional in which individuals with and those without dyspepsia were enrolled. The prevalence for Helicobacter pylori infection was determined by the screening of Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G and this was compared across variables of interest. IBM SPSS was used for the data analysis. Results Overall prevalence of Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G was 44 (37.9 %). There was no association between H pylori infection and dyspepsia (0.894). There was statistically significant association between residing in rural areas and acquiring of Helicobacter pylori infection (P= 0.011). Study participants from rural areas had significantly higher and lower pit latrines and water closet toilets respectively than the study participants who reside in urban areas (P= 0.0001). Conclusion Modest prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection was observed and no association between H pylori infection and dyspepsia was observed. There is a need to take strategic measures towards improving level of socio-economic status of the rural areas so as to reduce the risk of contracting Helicobacter pylori infection in people living in rural areas

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis C among pregnant females attending antenatal clinic at a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Noor Jahan ◽  
Nitin Chaudhary ◽  
Asma Nigar ◽  
Siraj Ahmad ◽  
Razia Khatoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pregnant Females

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major causative agent of parenterally acquired hepatitis. Vertical transmission of HCV occurs from mother to infant during pregnancy, delivery, or neonatal period. Hepatitis C infection among pregnant females can adversely affect both mother and fetus, leading to chronic infection in infants who later develop liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis C among pregnant females attending antenatal clinic.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was done over a period of six months from January to June 2019. A total of 550 pregnant females were included in the study who attended Antenatal Clinic for routine check-up and whose blood samples were sent to Microbiology Laboratory for screening of anti-HCV antibodies by Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method.Results: Out of 550 pregnant females tested, 3 were found to be reactive to anti-HCV antibodies by ELISA; hence the prevalence was found to be 0.5%. All 3 seropositive females belonged to age group 26-35 years, were indoor patients (IPD) and belonged to lower socio-economic class. Majority of seropositive females belonged to urban areas (66.7%, 2/3) as compared to those from rural areas (33.3%, 1/3).Conclusions: Although, prevalence of hepatitis C was found to be less among pregnant females attending ANC of this institute, still routine screening of all pregnant females for anti-HCV antibodies is highly recommended, for timely detection of disease in mothers and prevention of its transmission to infants.

scholarly journals Geospatial analysis of dengue emergence in rural areas in the Southern Province of Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 408-414
Author(s):  
Charmaine P Mutucumarana ◽  
Champica K Bodinayake ◽  
Ajith Nagahawatte ◽  
Vasantha Devasiri ◽  
Ruvini Kurukulasooriya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southern Province

Abstract Background Dengue is a major cause of acute febrile illness in Sri Lanka. Dengue has historically been considered an urban disease. In 2012–2013, we documented that acute dengue was surprisingly associated with self-reported rural residence in the Southern Province of Sri Lanka. Methods Patients admitted with an acute febrile illness were enrolled from June 2012–May 2013 in a cross-sectional surveillance study at the largest tertiary care hospital in the Southern Province. Acute dengue was diagnosed by serology and virology testing. Site visits were performed to collect residential geographical coordinates. Spatial variation in odds of acute dengue was modeled using a spatial generalized additive model predicted onto a grid of coordinate pairs covering the Southern Province. Results Of 800 patients, 333 (41.6%) had laboratory-confirmed acute dengue. Dengue was spatially heterogeneous (local probability of acute dengue 0.26 to 0.42). There were higher than average odds of acute dengue in the rural northeast of the Southern Province and lower than average odds in the urbanized southwest of the Southern Province, including the city Galle. Conclusions Our study further affirms the emergence of dengue in rural southern Sri Lanka and highlights both the need for real-time geospatial analyses to optimize public health activities as well as the importance of strengthening dengue surveillance in non-urban areas.

scholarly journals Ascaris lumbricoides infection and parasite load are associated with asthma in children

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (07) ◽  
pp. 891-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerson Bragagnoli ◽  
Maria Teresa Nascimento Silva
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis

Introduction: Association between Ascaris lumbricoides infection and asthma is a controversial subject that has been studied by several authors based on the hygiene theory. This work contributes to better understanding this issue. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study involving 1,004 children from a neighborhood of low socioeconomic status in Campina Grande, Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. Asthma was diagnosed using the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. Intestinal parasitosis was diagnosed by parasitological examination (the Ritchie technique), and parasite load determined by the Kato-Katz technique. The statistical analysis was descriptive, and hypotheses were tested according to odds ratios. Results: A total of 260 children were infected with A. lumbricoides, and 233 had asthma. Light parasite loads were significantly associated with asthma (wheezing more than three times per year); p = 0.003, OR = 0.41(IC 0.22 – 0.75), while the heavy parasite loads were not; p = 0.002, OR = 2.37(IC 1.35 – 4.18). Similar results were observed in almost all the symptoms of asthma. No association was found with maternal educational level. Conclusion: In children living in urban areas of low socioeconomic status, a light parasite load of A. lumbricoides is a protective factor against asthma and its symptoms. Meanwhile, heavy parasite load is a risk factor and contributes to the high prevalence of asthma and its symptoms among these children.

Adolescent Suicidality as Seen in Rural Northeastern Uganda

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Kinyanda ◽  
Ruth Kizza ◽  
Jonathan Levin ◽  
Sheila Ndyanabangi ◽  
Catherine Abbo
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Suicidal behavior in adolescence is a public health concern and has serious consequences for adolescents and their families. There is, however, a paucity of data on this subject from sub-Saharan Africa, hence the need for this study. Aims: A cross-sectional multistage survey to investigate adolescent suicidality among other things was undertaken in rural northeastern Uganda. Methods: A structured protocol administered by trained psychiatric nurses collected information on sociodemographics, mental disorders (DSM-IV criteria), and psychological and psychosocial risk factors for children aged 3–19 years (N = 1492). For the purposes of this paper, an analysis of a subsample of adolescents (aged 10–19 years; n = 897) was undertaken. Results: Lifetime suicidality in this study was 6.1% (95% CI, 4.6%–7.9%). Conclusions: Factors significantly associated with suicidality included mental disorder, the ecological factor district of residence, factors suggestive of low socioeconomic status, and disadvantaged childhood experiences.

scholarly journals Knowledge and intake of folic acid to prevent neural tube defects among pregnant women in urban China: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingming Cui ◽  
Xiao-Lin Lu ◽  
Yan-Yu Lyu ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Xiao-Lu Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background The prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in China declined during 2000–2017 with periconceptional folic acid (FA) supplementation, which is effective in reducing the risk of birth defects. We aimed to assess the knowledge and actual use of FA among Chinese pregnant women and to explore factors associated with FA use before pregnancy. Methods All data were collected in face-to-face interviews during health visits among pregnant women. We collected information about knowledge and use of FA supplements and demographic, socioeconomic, and health status. One maternity and childcare hospital was chosen in each of four cities: Beijing, Huaibei, Kunming, and Haikou. In total, 435 pregnant women were randomly recruited for interviews conducted from June to December 2016. Results A total of 428 pregnant women were included in this survey. Of these, 82.0% (351/428) knew that FA can prevent NTDs, and 75.9% (325/428) knew the correct time to take FA. Overall, 65.9% (282/428) of women knew both that FA can prevent NTDs and the recommended time to take FA before pregnancy. Approximately 95.1% (407/428) of women reported having ever taken FA, only 46.3% (198/428) had begun to take FA supplementation before conception, and 64.5% (109/169) of women from rural areas failed to take FA before pregnancy. Women living in northern China (odds ratio [OR] = 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18–2.77), those with unplanned pregnancy (OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.30–3.04), and highly educated women (OR = 2.37, 95% CI 1.45–3.88) were more likely to know about FA. Women who were homemakers (OR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.21–3.11) and had unplanned pregnancy (OR = 6.18, 95% CI 4.01–9.53) were less likely to begin taking FA before pregnancy. Conclusions Our survey showed that most pregnant women knew about FA. Although preconception intake of FA can help to reduce NTDs, improving the rate of FA intake before pregnancy is needed in urban areas of China, especially among homemakers and women from rural areas or with unplanned pregnancy. Campaigns are needed to increase awareness about FA and FA use before pregnancy among rural women, homemakers, and those with unplanned pregnancy and lower education levels.

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