Examining Classism and Critical Consciousness Within Psychology of Working Theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 106907272199841
Author(s):  
Taewon Kim ◽  
Blake A. Allan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Critical Consciousness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Career Adaptability ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Negative Relation ◽  
Critical Action ◽  
Work Volition ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
Psychology Of Working

Building from psychology of working theory, this study tested how critical consciousness, composed of perceived inequality, egalitarianism, and critical action, moderate the relations between contextual barriers (i.e., economic constraints and classism) and psychological variables (i.e., work volition and career adaptability) with a sample of 403 employees in the United States. Findings suggested that people who had high egalitarianism had a stronger negative relation between economic constraints and work volition. Results also revealed that people who had low egalitarianism had a negative relation between classism and career adaptability. Regarding critical action, people who had low or moderate levels of critical action had a stronger negative relation between economic constraints and work volition. Moreover, people who had low or moderate levels of critical action had a stronger negative relation between classism and career adaptability. Findings encourage practitioners and employers to consider egalitarianism and critical action as potential targets in vocational interventions.

Decent Work Among People of Color: The Moderating Role of Critical Consciousness

2021 ◽  
pp. 106907272110398
Author(s):  
Kelsey L. Autin ◽  
Tiffany R. Williams ◽  
Blake A. Allan ◽  
Megan E. Herdt
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Critical Consciousness ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Career Adaptability ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Work Volition ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
Psychology Of Working

The present study examined critical consciousness in a sample of 476 adults of color from a Psychology of Working perspective. Using structural equation modeling, we tested three components of critical consciousness—perceived inequality, egalitarian beliefs, and sociopolitical participation—as moderators of relations between marginalization, economic constraints, work volition, career adaptability, and decent work. As hypothesized, perceived inequality and sociopolitical participation moderated paths from marginalization to career adaptability, work volition, and decent work. Perceived inequality moderated paths from economic constraints to career adaptability and decent work, but in inconsistent directions. We discuss practical implications and future research directions. Our results contribute to the growing support for the Psychology of Working Theory.

Proactive Personality and Decent Work Among Racially and Ethnically Diverse Working Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-528
Author(s):  
Richard P. Douglass ◽  
Kelsey L. Autin ◽  
Aysenur Buyukgoze-Kavas ◽  
Nicholas P. Gensmer
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Proactive Personality ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Career Adaptability ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Work Volition ◽  
Psychology Of Working ◽  
Diverse Groups

Building from the psychology of working framework, we examined the moderating role of proactive personality in the attainment of decent work among a sample of racially and ethnically diverse employed adults in the United States ( N = 238). We tested our hypotheses using structural equation modeling and found experiences of marginalization and economic constraints to have indirect associations with decent work via work volition. We also found marginalization, work volition, and career adaptability to have direct associations with decent work but found no support for proactive personality as a moderating mechanism. Our findings contribute to the growing literature examining how contextual variables are associated with securing decent work among diverse groups. We discuss practical implications along with future directions for research related to the psychology of working.

Psychology of Working Theory With Refugee Persons: Applications for Career Counseling

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Massengale ◽  
Karen M. Shebuski ◽  
Sara Karaga ◽  
Elise Choe ◽  
Jihee Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Career Counseling ◽  
The United States ◽  
Career Concerns ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Seeking Safety ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
Psychology Of Working

The world is facing the largest number of displaced persons in history, with many refugee persons seeking safety in the United States. Among many challenges, refugee persons may face difficulty when navigating the world of work in the United States. We conceptualize career-related barriers for refugee persons residing in the United States, including economic constraints, acculturation challenges, and health disparities. Given these challenges, we describe the relevance of psychology of working theory as a potential theoretical model from which to conceptualize career concerns in refugee persons. Finally, based on previous research, we provide implications for counselors working with refugee persons with vocational concerns, as well as suggested areas for future research.

scholarly journals Unemployment From the Perspective of the Psychology of Working

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 474-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Kossen ◽  
Peter McIlveen
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Critical Consciousness ◽  
Proactive Personality ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Career Adaptability ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
Psychology Of Working ◽  
Psychological Dimensions

Unemployment is a ubiquitous problem that is a complex of cultural, economic interpersonal, physical, and psychological dimensions. Whereas the pernicious negative outcomes of unemployment are empirically established in the literature, there is a need to better understand the psychological experiences of unemployment so as to inform interventions that ameliorate its impact. The present research is based on archival interview data and uses the psychology of working theory to understand 32 individuals’ experiences of unemployment. The findings include themes that are consistent with the hypothesized predictors posited in the theory, including marginalization, economic constraints, volition, career adaptability, proactive personality, critical consciousness, social support, and economic conditions. The research findings affirm the conceptual precepts of the theory with regard to its predictors; thus, this contribution to the literature on the psychology of working and unemployment opens new perspectives on a perennial problem.

Testing Psychology of Working Theory Among Spanish-Speaking Latinx Workers in the U.S.

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-395
Author(s):  
Kelsey L. Autin ◽  
Andrew J. Shelton ◽  
Willy Anthony Diaz Tapia ◽  
Roberto G. Garcia ◽  
Germán A. Cadenas
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Cultural Responsiveness ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Work Volition ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
Psychology Of Working ◽  
The U.S

Psychology of Working Theory (PWT) has recently gained empirical support; however, its assumptions have yet to be tested for cultural responsiveness in Latinx communities, one of the fastest-growing worker populations in the U.S. The current study had two major aims: (a) to translate and validate instruments measuring PWT constructs from English into Spanish, and (b) to test theorized PWT predictors of decent work in a sample of Latinx workers ( N = 287). First, we translated and validated instruments measuring economic constraints, lifetime marginalization, work volition, and decent work using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). We then tested a structural model predicting decent work. Results partially supported PWT hypotheses, suggesting its utility and cultural responsiveness in studying the work patterns and conditions in Latinx communities. Practical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Work Volition and Career Adaptability as Predictors of Employability: Examining a Moderated Mediating Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Eon Kwon
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Career Adaptability ◽  
Career Construction Theory ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
Work Volition ◽  
Psychology Of Working

Slow economic growth and cost reduction have caused a global increase in employment insecurity. For university students in the process of preparing for employment, these conditions can be a source of enormous stress. The effort to improve the employability of university students who experience difficulties in seeking a job and developing a career, therefore, becomes consequently meritorious. In order to provide new findings of the key antecedents affecting employability, this study investigates the dynamics of work volition and career adaptability. Employability is predicted by integrating career adaptability, which originated in career construction theory, and work volition, which originated in the psychology of working framework. To test the research hypotheses, survey data were collected from 251 students registered at three universities in South Korea and analyzed using a structural equation model and Hayes’ process macro. Results indicated that the direct effect of work volition on employability and its indirect effect through career adaptability were significant. Next, the mediation effect of career adaptability between work volition and employability was varied positively by work volition. These results provide practical implications for efforts aimed at increasing the employability of university students and, as such, present a foundation for contribution to ensuring sustainable employability.

CHRONIC AND ACUTE NEGLECTED CHILDREN: PSYCHOLOGICAL VARIABLES

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter O. Peretti ◽  
Kelly Early ◽  
Jeannette Chmura
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Child Neglect ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Neglected Children

Reports on child abuse, and, in particular, the abuse cases involving some form of child neglect, have recently indicated a large increase in the United States. The present study was conducted to determine: (1) specific psychological variables of chronic and acute neglected children, and (2) a comparison of similarities and/or differences of each. Results suggested five of the most frequently stated variables of both S groups, and similarities or significant differences between them by S status.

Creating Critical Consciousness in Health: Applications of Freire's Philosophy and Methods to the Health Care Setting

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith Minkler ◽  
Kathleen Cox
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Critical Consciousness ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Situational Contexts ◽  
The People ◽  
Initial Work ◽  
Health Field

Paulo Freire's philosophy of “education for critical consciousness” takes on special relevance within the context of the health care system. This dialogical approach to change, stressing action based on critical reflection by the people, is seen here as importantly supplementing current efforts to deal with the “health care crisis” in the United States and many developing countries. Applications of the Freire approach in a health context of necessity involve the perception of health and medical care within the total oppressive structure of society. Viewed thusly, health “reform” cannot justifiably be envisioned except within the context of broader structural transformations. Two case studies are presented to illustrate the application of the Freire approach within a health context. Successful utilization of the methodology among peasants in rural Honduras and a relatively unsuccessful application among impoverished elderly residents of an urban United States ghetto are described and analyzed. Modifications of the approach to increase its usefulness in a variety of situational contexts are suggested. The potentials and limitations of this approach to radical change in the health field finally are described, along with lessons learned from initial work in the applications of conscientización to the health field.

Decentralized wastewater management: challenges and opportunities for the twenty-first century

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tchobanoglous ◽  
L. Ruppe ◽  
H. Leverenz ◽  
J. Darby
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Liquid Portion ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Economic Constraints

Decentralized wastewater management (DWM) may be defined as the collection, treatment, and reuse of wastewater from individual homes, clusters of homes, subdivisions, and isolated commercial facilities at or near the point of waste generation. In some areas, the liquid portion could be transported to a central point for further treatment and reuse. At the time of writing (2002), more than sixty million people in the United States live in homes where individual decentralized systems are used for wastewater management. Further, the U.S. EPA now estimates that about 40 percent of the new homes being built are served with onsite systems. In the early 1970s, with the passage of the Clean Water Act, it was often stated that it was only a matter of time before sewerage facilities would be available to almost all residents of the continental United States. Now, more than 25 years later, it is recognized that complete sewerage of the entire U.S. may never be possible, due to both geographic and economic constraints. Because complete sewerage is unlikely in the foreseeable future, it is clear that DWM systems are needed for the protection of public health and the environment and for the development of long-term strategies for the management of our water resources. The challenges and opportunities for DWM systems in the twenty-first century are discussed in this paper.

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