Using a Systems Approach in Developing a Survey to Assess the Contributing Factors to Needlestick Injuries

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 782-786
Author(s):  
Krista R. McIntosh ◽  
Sandra D. Rever-Moriyama
Keyword(s):  
Critical Incident ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Needlestick Injuries ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Equipment Safety ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Complex Manner

Needlestick injuries (NSIs) are the result of multiple factors which interact in a complex manner. In an attempt to understand the causes of NSIs, a systems approach was adopted. An extensive literature review identified behaviors, equipment, safety and interpersonal environments, and administrative policies and procedures as potential contributors to NSIs. Two phases in the development of an instrument that measures the contributions of the individual, organization, and environment are reported. In phase one, a questionnaire was developed using the critical incident technique and tested on nursing and paramedic students and nursing professors. In phase two, a revised survey was administered to 205 nurses. The following factors representing different levels of a health care system emerged: safety environment, stressors, conflicting or conflicting procedures, critical behaviors, and knowledge. The discussion addresses how the questionnaire can be used to test the relative influences of these factors on the occurrence of NSIs and generate recommendations for system-wide interventions.

Taking the Blame Off of Health Care Workers: Using a Systems Approach to Determine the Contributing Factors to Needlestick Injuries

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (14) ◽  
pp. 1033-1037
Author(s):  
Krista R. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Health Care Organization ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Care Organization ◽  
Needlestick Injuries ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Care Workers

The purpose of this study was to determine what factors within a health care organization relate to the occurrence of needlestick injuries (NSIs) among Health care workers (HCW). To do this a systems approach was taken. The overall hypothesis was that factors external to the HCWs were related to the occurrence of NSIs and, therefore, the focus of NSI prevention should be taken off the individual. A mail-out questionnaire was completed by 209 Alberta nurses. From the data generated, a structural equation model was tested which examined factors at many levels of a health care organization as well as those associated with HCWs which may be predictive of the occurrence of NSIs. There was support for the hypothesis that organizational factors, not individual ones, account for the most variance in unsafe needle handling behaviours and NSIs. Discussion centers on the specific factors found to be most related to NSIs and possible human factors interventions.

scholarly journals A Soft Systems Approach to Knowledge Worker Productivity: A Purposeful Activity Model for the Individual

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Helga Guðrún Óskarsdóttir ◽  
Guðmundur Valur Oddsson ◽  
Jón Þór Sturluson ◽  
Rögnvaldur Jóhann Sæmundsson
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Knowledge Worker ◽  
Knowledge Work ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Worker Productivity ◽  
Systems Methodology ◽  
Soft Systems ◽  
The Individual

This research attempted to find and define holistic systems that affect the productivity of the knowledge worker (KW), using the soft systems methodology (SSM). It is not enough to look at the management and improvement of knowledge worker productivity (KWP) from the viewpoint of the organization. The viewpoint of the individual KW needs to be considered as well. The KW owns the means of production; they carry their knowledge in their heads and take it with them when changing jobs. This paper proposes a conceptual framework that describes the process in which the KW uses resources to execute actions to create tangible or intangible artifacts with the intention of generating value. It was based on interpretations and inferences made from an extensive literature review using the snowballing method. This paper highlights what implications the lessons learned from the conceptual framework have on managing and improving KWP and delves deeper into four key concepts: value in knowledge work, knowledge, personal resources, and competencies.

The Free Responsible Action of the Individual

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. DeJonge
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Extreme Situation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Responsible Action ◽  
Action Type ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Church

If, as Chapter 12 argues, much of Bonhoeffer’s resistance thinking remains stable even as he undertakes the novel conspiratorial resistance, what is new in his resistance thinking in the third phase? What receives new theological elaboration is the resistance activity of the individual, which in the first two phases was overshadowed by the resistance role played by the church. Indeed, as this chapter shows, Bonhoeffer’s conspiratorial activity is associated with what he calls free responsible action (type 6), and this is the action of the individual, not the church, in the exercise of vocation. As such, the conspiratorial activity is most closely related to the previously developed type 1 resistance, which includes individual vocational action in response to state injustice. But the conspiratorial activity differs from type 1 resistance as individual vocational action in the extreme situation.

scholarly journals Disrupt-Then-Reframe is in the Air: A French Replication and Refinement

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-173
Author(s):  
Roxane Saint-Bauzel ◽  
Audrey Pelt ◽  
Laura Barbier ◽  
Valérie Fointiat
Keyword(s):  
Target Behaviour ◽  
Communication Situation ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Persuasive Effect

Abstract Initiated by Davis and Knowles (1999), the-disrupt-then-reframe technique is based on the linking of two moments in time. First of all, slipping an unexpected element into a communication situation that is likely to provoke a disruption in communication. Once this disruption has been achieved, proposing a target behaviour by insisting on the benefit that the individual could derive from it. We wanted to verify that this technique, effective in American, Dutch, and Polish contexts and naturally dependent on the culture of individuals and the communication norms which prevail there, could be effective in a French context. In accordance with the literature, our results show that when the two phases of the technique are linked, a greater persuasive effect is observed. A theoretically interesting way to interpret the effectiveness of the technique is proposed.

Policy for increasing feeder stock of Bali cattle (Bos javonicus domesticus) in Kupang District

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 235-248
Author(s):  
Maria Krova ◽  
◽  
M. F. Lalus ◽  
Markus M. Kleden ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Supply Management ◽  
Stock Management ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Calving Rate ◽  
Bali Cattle ◽  
The Difference

The scarcity of feeder stock of Bali cattle (Bos javonicus domesticus) in Kupang Regency is currently increasing. One of the contributing factors is the difference in management between the fattening business that produces beef cattle and the breeding business that produces feeders and heifers. The research aims to determine: the interaction between actors to increase the supply of feeder; the behavior of feeder population based on actual stock management, and the necessary policy interventions to increase the supply of feeder. The research was conducted by applying a dynamics systems approach. This modelling used ventana systems software. Data and mental models were collected through observation, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews with key informants. The results showed that the interaction between actors was limited to the marketing of cattle for both local and domestic markets. The actual feeders supply management shows that cattle population tends to decline due to low calving rate (70%), high calves mortality (35%), and the high slaughtering of productive females (80%). The necessary policy interventions are to implement various efforts to increase the calving rate to be 80%, reduce the mortality rate by applying 2% feed supplementation, and reduce the sales of productive females to be 50%. The actual supply management of Bali feeders needs to be engineered by increasing stakeholder services that coordinate synergistically for learning innovation and technology. It is necessary to establish a breeder cooperative to suppress the sale of productive cows as the cause of its high slaughtering

High Performance Coaches’ Mental Health and Wellbeing: Applying the Areas of Work Life Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraser Carson ◽  
Julia Walsh ◽  
Luana C. Main ◽  
Peter Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Life Model ◽  
Workload Control ◽  
Sport Athlete ◽  
The Individual

In the last five years, mental health and wellbeing has attracted greater public, government, and research interest. In sport, athlete mental health and wellbeing has been a focus across all competition levels. The high performance coach responsible for athlete performance, health and wellbeing has not attracted the same attention despite working in an intense high-pressure work environment. Using the Areas of Work Life Model as a theoretical framework, this Insights paper discusses the existing coaching literature to ascertain both contributing factors for promoting positive mental health and wellbeing, and negative influences that increase stress and potential burnout. The six dimensions (workload; control; reward; fairness; community; and values) resonate throughout the coaching literature, but to-date, no study has applied the model to this group. Analysis of the extracted articles indicated that high performance coaches should become more self-aware around how to cope with stress and stressful situations, while sports organisations should invest in both the individual coach and the organisational culture to enhance work engagement. Coaches are performers and should prepare themselves to ensure they can perform at their peak; and managing their own mental health and wellbeing is an important component to this.

scholarly journals An Exploratory Study of Entrepreneurship in Taiwan’s Small & Medium Enterprises – Case Studies of Six Manufacturing Companies

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Wen-Chia Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Individual Factor ◽  
Entrepreneurial Management ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Small Medium Enterprises ◽  
New Research ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Crucial Part

Entrepreneurship with organization setting has been conceptualized in a variety of ways. Studies in this area remain broad and appear relatively fragmented. From previous literature reviews, we found that little attention has been paid toward the entrepreneurial management model with the starting-up phases of Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Taiwan. In view of this, the purpose of this study is to fill this gap in the literature by proposing a research framework that integrates both entrepreneurship literature and Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) literature. To address this problem, a new research method based on integrating cases study and in-depth interviews methods are also proposed. According to the results, the individual factor was the central part among the four contributing factors (reproduction, imitation, valorization, and venture). With respect to the six dimensions of entrepreneurship (strategic orientation, commitment to opportunity, commitment to resources, control over resources, management frame, and compensation philosophy), the enterprises interviewed in this research all set forth their perspectives. As for the four kinds of entrepreneurial status, there were four entrepreneurial imitation companies and two entrepreneurial venture companies in this research. To conclude, several propositions were proposed, and the results released that the individual factor was the crucial part among the four contributing factors. Research also examined the main dimensions of entrepreneurship for analyzing the theoretical basis.

scholarly journals Psychological factors underpinning vaccine willingness in Israel, Japan and Hungary

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Goodwin ◽  
Menachem Ben-Ezra ◽  
Masahito Takahashi ◽  
Lan Anh Nguyen Luu ◽  
Krisztina Borsfay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Anticipated Regret ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Representative Samples

The rapid international spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus 19 led to unprecedented attempts to develop and administer an effective vaccine. However, there is evidence of considerable vaccine hesitancy in some countries and sub-populations. We investigated willingness to vaccinate in three nations with historically different levels of vaccine willingness and attitudes to the COVID-19 vaccine rollout: Israel, Japan and Hungary. Employing an ecological-systems approach we analysed associations between demographic factors and health status, individual cognitions, normative pressures, trust in government, belief in COVID-19 myths and willingness to be vaccinated, using data from three nationally representative samples (Israel, N=1011 (Jan 2021); Japan, N= 997 (Feb 2021); Hungary, N=1131 (Apr 2021)). In Israel 74% indicated a willingness to vaccinate, but only 51% in Japan and 31% in Hungary. Results from multigroup regression analyses indicated greater vaccine willingness amongst those who perceived benefits to vaccination, anticipated regret if not vaccinated and trusted the government. Multi-group latent class analysis of ten COVID-19 (mis)beliefs identified three classes of myths, with concerns about the alteration of DNA (Israel), allergies (Hungary) and catching COVID-19 from the vaccine (Japan) specific to vaccine willingness for each culture. Rather than focusing primarily on disease threats, intervention campaigns should focus on increasing trust and addressing culturally specific myths while emphasising the individual and social group benefits of vaccination.

Modelling the individual and collective dynamics of the propensity to offend

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 421-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-P. NADAL ◽  
M. B. GORDON ◽  
J. R. IGLESIAS ◽  
V. SEMESHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Crime Rate ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Interacting Agents ◽  
Composite Parameter ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Individual

We introduce a general framework for modelling the dynamics of the propensity to offend in a population of (possibly interacting) agents. We consider that each agent has an ‘honesty index’ which parameterizes his probability of abiding by the law. This probability also depends on a composite parameter associated to the attractiveness of the crime outcome and of the crime setting (the context which makes a crime more or less likely to occur, such as the presence or not of a guardian). Within this framework we explore some consequences of the working hypothesis that punishment has a deterrent effect, assuming that, after a criminal act, an agent's honesty index may increase if he is caught and decrease otherwise. We provide both analytical and numerical results. We show that in the space of parameters characterizing the probability of punishment, there are two ‘phases’: one corresponding to a population with a low crime rate and the other to a population with a large crime rate. We speculate on the possible existence of a self-organized state in which, due to the society reaction against crime activities, the population dynamics would be stabilized on the critical line, leading to a wide distribution of propensities to offend in the population. In view of empirical works on the causes of the recent evolution of crime rates in developed countries, we discuss how changes of socio-economic conditions may affect the model parameters, and hence the crime rate in the population. We suggest possible extensions of the model that will allow us to take into account more realistic features.

Newborn Screening Fact Sheets

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-501 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Screening ◽  
The United States ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Current Screening

These newborn screening fact sheets were developed by the Committee on Genetics of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) with considerable assistance and consultation from many individuals. It is hoped that the information contained in these fact sheets will assist the pediatrician in understanding the individual tests, their characteristics, and their strengths and weaknesses. Newborn screening is an individual function of each state; therefore, screening programs are not uniform throughout the United States (Table). Because the test results can affect children and parents in a variety of ways, there are special concerns about how states make decisions to adopt new tests and how they evaluate their current screening panels. Currently, many states are examining their practices. The informatiion in the fact sheets was not designed to advocate specific newborn screening tests but to assist pediatricians in evaluating policies and procedures and in developing appropriate positions based on the needs of their patients and their geographic regions.

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