The Impact of Physical Environment on the Cognitive Function of the Elderly: A Scoping Review of Cohort Studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 108482232110588
Author(s):  
Jihye Kim ◽  
Jiyeong Lee ◽  
Jihye Park ◽  
Hakseong Kim ◽  
Ingyu Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Residential Density ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Impact

This review examined whether the physical environment can change the cognitive function of the elderly and categorized the specific environmental types. Four databases, CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and PsycINFO, were searched for relevant literature published as of December 2020. The framework used was proposed by Arksey and O’Malley, which includes a 5-stage review process. A total of 12 studies were examined. The physical environments with similar characteristics, among all the environmental elements, were grouped together into 4 categories: residential density and road connectivity, limited living space, urban/rural, and care facilities. Residential density and road connectivity, limited living space, and care facilities were found to have a significant effect on the cognitive function of the elderly. However, there was no significant effect on the cognitive function of the elderly when comparing the urban and rural environments. Although studies on environments that affect the cognitive function of the elderly are still ongoing, the ones analyzing specific environments in detail are insufficient. With the increasing importance of the role played by the environment in the cognitive impairment of the elderly, detailed studies on specific environments among the various environmental factors surrounding the elderly, such as this study, should be conducted more actively.

scholarly journals Does Social Support Affect the Health of the Elderly in Rural China? A Meta-Analysis Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natuya Zhuori ◽  
Yu Cai ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Yu Cui ◽  
Minjuan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
The Impact

As the trend of aging in rural China has intensified, research on the factors affecting the health of the elderly in rural areas has become a hot issue. However, the conclusions of existing studies are inconsistent and even contradictory, making it difficult to form constructive policies with practical value. To explore the reasons for the inconsistent conclusions drawn by relevant research, in this paper we constructed a meta-regression database based on 65 pieces of relevant literature published in the past 25 years. For more valid samples to reduce publication bias, we also set the statistical significance of social support to the health of the elderly in rural areas as a dependent variable. Finally, combined with multi-dimensional social support and its implications for the health of the elderly, meta-regression analysis was carried out on the results of 171 empirical studies. The results show that (1) subjective support rather than objective support can have a significant impact on the health of the elderly in rural areas, and there is no significant difference between other dimensions of social support and objective support; (2) the health status of the elderly in rural areas in samples involving western regions is more sensitive to social support than that in samples not involving the western regions; (3) among the elderly in rural areas, social support for the older male elderly is more likely to improve their health than that for the younger female elderly; and (4) besides this, both data sources and econometric models greatly affect the heterogeneity of the effect of social support on the health of the elderly in rural areas, but neither the published year nor the journal is significant. Finally, relevant policies and follow-up studies on the impact of social support on the health of the elderly in rural areas are discussed.

scholarly journals Activity density of carabid beetles along an urbanisation gradient

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (Suppl.) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Simone Fattorini ◽  
Cristina Mantoni ◽  
Davide Bergamaschi ◽  
Lorenzo Fortini ◽  
Francisco J. Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Intermediate Disturbance ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Activity Density ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Several works have investigated the impact of urbanisation on carabid activity density using urban-rural gradients. Such works compared activity density recorded from green spaces located in different parts of a city and assigned to categories of increasing urban intensity, which poses two problems: (1) since the gradient is divided into categories, it is impossible to model continuous variations in biotic responses, and (2) sites representative of different urbanisation levels are not true segments of the same ecological continuum. To surpass these problems, we modelled variations in carabid activity density along an urban-rural transect within a single green space extending from the city centre of Rome to rural environments. Carabids were sampled by pitfall traps from sites distributed along the entire gradient. We used breakpoint regressions to model how (1) carabid activity density, (2) carabids/beetles ratio, (3) carabids/insects ratio and (3) carabids/arthropods ratio varied along the gradient. As already observed for various organisms in urban environments, we found that activity density of carabids and their contribution to the abundance of beetles, insects and arthropods, peaked in the middle of the gradient. This supports the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, according to which moderate urbanisation may favour diversity by increasing habitat heterogeneity.

scholarly journals OVERVIEW OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN THE ELDERLY WITH VARIATIONS OF TOTAL REMAINING TEETH REVIEW FROM MINI-MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 168-181
Author(s):  
Ifwandi ◽  
Dewi Saputri ◽  
Liana Rahmayani ◽  
Pocut Aya Sofya ◽  
Syahrial ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Examination

When a person reaches the elderly phase, the function of the body's organs decreases, which causes an increased risk of disease and death. Including dental infections such as caries and periodontal disease which are the main factors for tooth loss. Tooth loss does not only affect the impact of mastication but also affects a person's cognitive function. This condition occurs because when a person loses teeth, the function of the Periodontal Mechanoreceptors decreases, disrupting the function of the hippocampus which is important for memory in the brain. Loss of a large number of teeth tends to indicate low cognitive function, but several factors affect cognitive function, namely education level, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, heart disease, depression, sleep disorders, head injury, physical activity, and a history of smoking. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a tool to assess a person's cognitive function. This study aims to see the description of cognitive function in the elderly at the Geunaseh Sayang Nursing Home with variations in the number of tooth losses. This study was conducted with 43 research subjects with interviews and intra-oral examination methods. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the elderly who only have fewer teeth show a higher decline in cognitive function compared to the elderly with more teeth in the oral cavity. This is following the theory which states that the more teeth you lose, the lower your cognitive function will be. 

scholarly journals 450 - Exploring staff perspectives on the role of physical environment in dementia care facilities in Sweden and Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
pp. 170-170
Author(s):  
Sook Young Lee ◽  
Lillian Hung ◽  
Habib Chaudhury
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Dementia Care ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
The Impact

This study explored staff perceptions of the role of physical environment in dementia care facilities in affecting resident’s behaviors and staff care practice. We used focus group method (Krueger & Casey, 2000; Krueger, 1998) to elicit staff’s shared perceptions on the impact of the physical environment on residents’ behaviors and on their own care practice. A total of 24 staff members from four facilities, two in Sweden and two in Canada, participated. Discussions in the focus groups generated rich and inter-subjective accounts via dynamic and interactive exchange among participants. Participants were explained that the researchers were particularly interested in three aspects of the physical environment: architecture or spatial layout of the setting (e.g. corridor length, bath room size, etc.), interior design aspects (e.g. lighting, flooring, furnishing, etc.) and sensory aspects (e.g. noise, smell, tactile properties, etc.). Staff in both countries reported similar physical environmental characteristics that enabled and hindered them from delivering good care. This study yielded three environmental themes that have a substantial effect on the social interaction and care practice: design ambience, space arrangement, and sensory stimuli. The deficits in the physical environmental characteristics prevented staff from providing effective person-centred care. Our findings identified substantial differences between the facilities of the two countries, although it is possible that greater differences might exist between the range of facilities in each country about the quality of environment and care. The quality of environment contributed to a high job satisfaction reported by staff in Sweden. The unsupportive and problematic features of the physical environment seemed to be the primary factor that triggers agitation among the residents with dementia in Canada.

The Impact of Resistance Exercise on the Cognitive Function of the Elderly

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1401-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICARDO C. CASSILHAS ◽  
VALTER A. R. VIANA ◽  
VIVIANE GRASSMANN ◽  
RONALDO T. SANTOS ◽  
RUTH F. SANTOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals PENGARUH AKTIVITAS PENGASUHAN CUCU TERHADAP FUNGSI KOGNITIF PADA PEREMPUAN LANSIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederica Jovianti ◽  
Linda Suryakusuma ◽  
Yuda Turana ◽  
Yvonne Suzy Handajani
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
Neurodegenerative Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Examination

THE IMPACT OF GRANDPARENTING ACTIVITY ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN ELDERLY WOMANABSTRACT Introduction: Cognitive impairment is a neurodegenerative process which often experienced by the elderly. One of the factors associated with cognitive function is grandparenting which is common and has become a social norm in Indonesia.Aims: To determine the association between characteristics of the subjects and grandparenting activity with cognitive function in elderly woman.Methods: This study was conducted on July 2016–January 2017 in West Jakarta and as a part of Active Ageing Research in Atma Jaya University. The data were collected through grandparenting activity questionnaire and cognitive function assessment using Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE).Results: Based on 93 participants, the age mean was 67,51±5,058 and majority had education <9 years (54,8%). Data analysis showed that education, grandparenting, the quality of grandparenting, types of grandparenting activity specifically preparing food and/or feeding child and storytelling had a significant association with global cognitive function.Discussions: Physical, social activity, and cognitive stimulation while caring for grandchildren can prevent decline in cognitive function.Keywords: Elderly, cognitive function, grandparentingABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Penurunan fungsi kognitif merupakan suatu proses neurodegeneratif yang sering dialami oleh lansia. Salah satu faktor yang dianggap berpengaruh terhadap fungsi kognitif adalah aktivitas pengasuhan cucu yang masih umum dilakukan dan telah menjadi bagian dari norma masyarakat di Indonesia.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara karakteristik subjek dan aktivitas pengasuhan cucu terhadap fungsi kognitif pada perempuan lansia.Metode: Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2016–Januari 2017 di Jakarta Barat dan merupakan bagian dari penelitian Active Ageing di Universitas Atma Jaya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengisian kuesioner aktivitas pengasuhan cucu dan pengukuran fungsi kognitif menggunakan Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE).Hasil: Penelitian terhadap 93 subjek dengan rerata usia 67,51±5,058 dan sebagian besar berpendidikan <9 tahun (54,8%). Pendidikan, aktivitas pengasuhan cucu, kualitas pengasuhan cucu, serta jenis aktivitas pengasuhan cucu, yaitu menyiapkan dan/atau menyuapi makanan dan membacakan cerita memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan fungsi kognitif global.Diskusi: Aktivitas fisik, sosial dan stimulasi kognitif pada saat mengasuh cucu dapat mencegah terjadinya penurunanfungsi kognitif.Kata kunci: Aktivitas pengasuhan cucu, fungsi kognitif, lanjut usia 

scholarly journals Margi Park concept design: Nursing home for seniors and EU-standards

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-394
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Dietrich ◽  
Danica Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Architectural Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

The physical environment has a great potential for supporting resident's residual way-finding abilities. Until now little systematic research has been carried out to identify supportive architectural characteristics. The architectural structure of the buildings and the impact of the different architectural characteristics was also analyzed. Results show that people with advancing dementia are increasingly dependent on a compensating environment. Our experience in design of contemporary homes and its environment for elderly persons is an example how the young generation can remain an integral part of the elderly peoples lives. Any Cooperation between Serbia and Germany is to be in accordance with European Standards and Norms.

Psychogeriatric Care: Problems and Challenges

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Douglas H. Rapelje
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Homes For The Aged ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Trained Staff ◽  
Care Problems

From the aspect of homes for the aged, understanding the needs of the elderly mentally frail is the initial step to providing more suitable conditions. Many of the traditional features of these long-term care facilities need to be questioned and challenged. Care does not stop at the physical environment, indeed it goes even beyond establishing excellent relationships with the families involved and a caring, well-trained staff. Stress is needed on emphasizing the resident's remaining capacities and skills, not on behavioural problems.

Cognition, loneliness and social isolation: A cross-national, longitudinal exploration

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
T-V Hannemann ◽  
J Bristle ◽  
M Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cross National

Abstract Background One of the challenges to ageing individuals and health care systems is the decline in cognitive function with increasing age. The present study investigates in which way loneliness and social isolation is associated with cognitive decline in an aged population in Europe. Furthermore, it investigates how these relationships vary across different cultural and social settings. Methods The study employs panel data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Data from respondents aged 50+ from 16 European countries were collected from 2011-2017 at up to four points in time. Loneliness was operationalized as the perception of feeling lonely, while social isolation was operationalized by a summary index of social network size and social interaction. The cognitive function measures included tests of verbal fluency, as well as immediate and delayed recall. A linear panel fixed-effects modelling approach was used, while controlling for potential time-variant confounders from the areas of demographics, mental and physical health and survey methodological characteristics. Results Preliminary results show that loneliness and social isolation are associated with cognitive decline, while the extent varied by the measure of cognitive functioning measured. Loneliness, social isolation and cognition descriptively all show substantial cross-national variation. Conclusions The study illustrates the impact of loneliness and social isolation on cognitive functioning across a number of European countries. Cognitive functioning is an important determinant to successful ageing, preventing its decline promotes self-sufficient, independent living in the elderly and good quality end-of-life. This can support the development of implementable and accessible prevention for at risk individuals. Key messages Investigating the impact of social isolation and loneliness on the cognitive functioning can help tailor easily accessible prevention measures of cognitive decline in the elderly. The study allows for the assessment of cross-cultural differences and need for targeted measures across a number of European countries.

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