scholarly journals Automated Agar Plate Streaker: A Linear Plater on Society for Biomolecular Sciences Standard Plates

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 704-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory W. King ◽  
Gary S. Kath ◽  
Sal Siciliano ◽  
Neal Simpson ◽  
Prakash Masurekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agar Plate ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
Microbiological Sample ◽  
Sample Application ◽  
Agar Surface ◽  
Organic Particles

Several protocols for bacterial isolation and techniques for aerobic plate counting rely on the use of a spiral plater to deposit concentration gradients of microbial suspensions onto a circular agar plate to isolate colony growth. The advantage of applying a gradient of concentrations across the agar surface is that the original microbiological sample can be applied at a single concentration rather than as multiple serial dilutions. The spiral plater gradually dilutes the sample across a compact area and therefore saves time preparing dilutions and multiple agar plates. Commercial spiral platers are not automated and require manual sample loading. Dispensing of the sample volume and rate of gradients are often very limited in range. Furthermore, the spiral sample application cannot be used with rectangular microplates. Another limitation of commercial spiral platers is that they are useful only for dilute, filtered suspensions and cannot plate suspensions of coarse organic particles therefore precluding the use of many kinds of microorganism-containing substrata. An automated agar plate spreader capable of processing 99 rectangular microplates in unattended mode is described. This novel instrument is capable of dispensing discrete volumes of sample in a linear pattern. It can be programmed to dispense a sample suspense at a uniform application rate or across a decreasing concentration gradient.

scholarly journals An improved device for sampling bacterial populations on blankets

1960 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. McQuade ◽  
W. J. A. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Fibrous Material ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Agar Surface ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Routine Sampling ◽  
Hospital Wards

One of the major difficulties in determining the cleanliness of blankets for use in hospital wards is the estimation of bacterial contamination remaining on the blanket after washing. Present procedures are either cumbersome or not readily reproducible. Procedures for measuring bacterial contamination on fabrics may be based on dispersion of the bacteria as an aqueous or as an airborne cloud. As aerial sampling has the advantages that it may be rapid and simple and can be used to sample blankets which have been washed with a bactericide the possibilities of this principle were investigated. A simple method has been developed (Blowers & Wallace, 1955) in which the blanket is scraped manually by the edge of an agar plate so that the bacterial dust is thrown on to the exposed agar surface, but this procedure is difficult to control. There are wide differences in surface properties of blankets, and consequently in the amount of fibrous material shaved off by the Petri dishes. Puck, Robertson, Wise, Loosli & Lemon (1946) worked on the principle of hitting an area of taut blanket and sampling the aerial cloud so formed, but as their apparatus was not convenient for routine sampling in wards an improved version has been developed.

scholarly journals Mechanical touch responses of Arabidopsis TCH1-3 mutant roots on inclined hard-agar surface

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guodong Zha ◽  
Bochu Wang ◽  
Junyu Liu ◽  
Jie Yan ◽  
Liqing Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Touch Response ◽  
Agar Surface ◽  
Root Growth And Development ◽  
Touch Stimulus

Abstract The gravity-induced mechanical touch stimulus can affect plant root architecture. Mechanical touch responses of plant roots are an important aspect of plant root growth and development. Previous studies have reported that Arabidopsis TCH1-3 genes are involved in mechano-related events, how-ever, the physiological functions of TCH1-3 genes in Arabidopsis root mechanoresponses remain unclear. In the present study, we applied an inclined hard agar plate method to produce mechanical touch stimulus, and provided evidence that altered mechanical environment could influence root growth. Furthermore, tch1-3 Arabidopsis mutants were investigated on inclined agar surfaces to explore the functions of TCH1-3 genes on Arabidopsis root mechanoresponses. The results showed that two tch2 mutants, cml24-2 and cml24-4, exhibited significantly reduced root length, biased skewing, and decreased density of lateral root. In addition, primary root length and density of lateral root of tch3 (cml12-2) was significantly decreased on inclined agar surfaces. This study indicates that the tch2 and tch3 mutants are hypersensitive to mechanical touch stimulus, and TCH2 (CML24-2 and CML24-4) and TCH3 (CML12-2) genes may participate in the mechanical touch response of Arabidopsis roots.

Discriminative Impact of Ultrafiltration on Peritoneal Protein Transport

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Waniewski ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Olof Heimbürger ◽  
Andrzej Werynski ◽  
Bengt Lindholm
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Protein Transport ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
Sieving Coefficient

Objective The dialysate concentration of large proteins increases, on average, linearly during the whole peritoneal dialysis dwell, and this linear pattern seems to be independent of the rate of ultrafiltration induced by dialysis fluid. However, we observed a high variability of protein kinetics in individual dwell studies. Therefore, we studied the details of the kinetic pattern of peritoneal transport. Design and Methods Kinetics of β2-microglobulin, albumin, and total protein was examined in 23 clinically stable continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients using Dianeal 3.86% (15 dwell studies) or Dianeal 1.36% (9 dwell studies) dialysis fluid. Dialysate volume was measured using radioisotopically labeled albumin as a volume marker, with corrections for sample volume and absorption of fluid and marker from the peritoneal cavity. The generalized version of the Babb–Randerson–Farrell model was applied to estimate diffusive mass transport coefficient (KBD) and sieving coefficient (S) for proteins and small solutes (urea, creatinine, glucose, sodium, potassium). To quantify deviations from the linear pattern of protein dialysate concentration increase, the ratio (SR) of the slope of the linear regression line for the initial 3 – 30 minutes, divided by the slope for the next 60 – 360 minutes, was evaluated for albumin. Results In 5 dwell studies with Dianeal 3.86% fluid, SR was lower than 1 [low albumin transport (LAT) group, median SR = 0.49, range –4.39 – 0.71], while in the other 10 dwell studies with this solution, SR was higher than 1 [high albumin transport (HAT) group, median SR = 2.77, range 1.32 – 7.56]. Clearances of albumin up to 120 minutes were higher in the HAT group than in the LAT group. The transport of fluid, β2-microglobulin, and small solutes did not differ between the LAT and the HAT groups. KBD values for proteins did not differ between the groups, but S values for albumin and total protein were lower for the LAT group than for the HAT group. A similar diversity was found in the dwell studies with Dianeal 1.36%: In three dwell studies, SR for albumin was lower than 1 (median SR = 0.95, range 0.70 – 0.97), and in six dwells it was higher than 1 (median SR = 1.55, range 1.23 – 1.98). In general, the SR values observed with Dianeal 1.36% were closer to 1 than those for Dianeal 3.86%. Conclusions Ultrafiltration may affect the initial kinetic patterns of large protein (such as albumin) transport in two opposing ways: ( 1 ) by slowing the increase of protein concentration in dialysate (due to a low sieving coefficient, LAT group), and ( 2 ) by speeding up the increase of protein concentration in dialysate (due to a high sieving coefficient, HAT group). The average pattern in a non-selected group of studies is, however, close to a steady (linear) increase.

scholarly journals Comparison of Membrane Filters as a Tool for Isolating Pythiaceous Species from Irrigation Water

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanxue Hong ◽  
Patricia A. Richardson ◽  
Ping Kong
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Spore Suspension ◽  
Agronomic Crops ◽  
Agar Surface ◽  
Hydrophilic Membranes ◽  
Irrigation Runoff

Filter-based isolation is the primary approach for quantifying plant pathogens in irrigation water; however, the performance of various membranes is largely unknown. This study evaluated nine hydrophilic membranes for recovery of pythiaceous species, a group of very common and destructive pathogens on numerous ornamental plants and many agronomic crops. Three sources of water samples and three plating methods were used for the membrane comparison. Durapore5, Millipore5, and Osmonics5 filtered 100 ml of irrigation water or 50 ml of irrigation runoff in 10 s or less, whereas the other membranes required 34 s to 13.5 min or even a second membrane to filter the same water sample volume. Millipore5 and Durapore5 showed greater recovery rates than other membranes for all water sources when the membranes were directly inverted onto agar plates. Durapore5 was also one of the top two membranes for spore suspension and irrigation water samples when membrane washings were spread over the agar surface. Durapore5 was the only membrane that consistently performed well for both spore suspension and irrigation water samples. These data suggest that use of Durapore5 not only increases the sensitivity of filter-based isolation for quantifying pythiaceous species in irrigation water but also saves filtering time.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of the basil (Ocimmum basilicum L.) extract on Penicillium aurantiogriseum, P. glabrum, P. chrysogenum, and P. brevicompactum

2012 ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suncica Kocic-Tanackov ◽  
Gordana Dimic ◽  
Dusanka Pejin ◽  
Ljiljana Mojovic ◽  
Jelena Pejin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Food Protection ◽  
Penicillium Aurantiogriseum ◽  
Penicillium Spp

This study was aimed at investigating the antifungal potential of basil (Ocimmum basilicum L.) extract against toxin-producing Penicillium spp. (P. aurantiogriseum, P. glabrum, P. chrysogenum, and P. brevicompactum) isolated from food. The basil extract composition was determined by the GC-MS method. The major component identified in the extract was estragole (86.72%). The determination of the antifungal activity of basil extract on Penicillium spp. was performed using the agar plate method. Basil extract reduced the growth of Penicillium spp. at all applied concentration levels (0.16, 0.35, 0.70, and 1.50 mL/100mL) with the colony growth inhibition from 3.6 (for P. glabrum) to 100% (for P. chrysogenum). The highest sensitivity showed P. chrysogenum, where the growth was completely inhibited at the basil extract concentration of 1.50 mL/100mL. The growth of other Penicillium spp. was partially inhibited with the colony growth inhibition of 63.4 % (P. brevicompactum), 67.5% (P. aurantiogriseum), and 71.7% (P. glabrum). Higher concentrations (0.70 and 1.50 mL/100mL) reduced the growth of the aerial mycelium of all tested Penicillium species. In addition, at the same extract concentrations, the examination of microscopic preparation showed the deformation of hyphae with the frequent occurrence of fragmentations and thickenings, occurrence of irregular vesicle, frequently without metulae and phialides, enlarged metulae. The results obtained in this investigation point to the possibility of using basil extract for the antifungal food protection.

scholarly journals Variasi Suhu Terhadap Pertumbuhan Neisseria Gonorrhoeae pada Media Coklat Agar Plate

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Halimatussa ’diah ◽  
Urip Urip ◽  
Yunan Jiwintarum
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Direct Inoculation ◽  
The Media ◽  
C 50

ABSTRACT Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are infections whose transmission is mainly through sexual intercourse. Gonorrhoeae is a disease that has a high incidence among sexually transmitted infections (STDs). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of temperature variations on the growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. This study was pre-experimental with 6 treatments and 4 replications, namely heating water with direct inoculation to the media, without heating, temperature 40˚C, 50˚C, 60˚C, and 70˚C. It was examined by obtaining the results that from each treatment there was no colony growth on the Chocolate Agar Plate media. Those who experienced growth were only treated with direct inoculation on the media so that it could be concluded that there was no effect on the variation of water heating temperature on the growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae on CAP media. Keywords : Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Growth, Temperature

On the structural organization of biological pumps and channels

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
G. Zampighi ◽  
M. Kreman
Keyword(s):  
Active Transport ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Transport Proteins ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Passive Transport ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Natural Concentration ◽  
Active Transport System

The plasma membranes of most animal cells contain transport proteins which function to provide passageways for the transported species across essentially impermeable lipid bilayers. The channel is a passive transport system which allows the movement of ions and low molecular weight molecules along their concentration gradients. The pump is an active transport system and can translocate cations against their natural concentration gradients. The actions and interplay of these two kinds of transport proteins control crucial cell functions such as active transport, excitability and cell communication. In this paper, we will describe and compare several features of the molecular organization of pumps and channels. As an example of an active transport system, we will discuss the structure of the sodium and potassium ion-activated triphosphatase [(Na+ +K+)-ATPase] and as an example of a passive transport system, the communicating channel of gap junctions and lens junctions.

Analysis of 2D and 3D defects associated with precipitation of Cu in silicon

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 870-871
Author(s):  
P.M. Rice ◽  
MJ. Kim ◽  
R.W. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Colony Growth ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Silicide Phase ◽  
Strain Fields ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Unknown Composition ◽  
Secondary Precipitates ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
2D And 3D

Extrinsic gettering of Cu on near-surface dislocations in Si has been the topic of recent investigation. It was shown that the Cu precipitated hetergeneously on dislocations as Cu silicide along with voids, and also with a secondary planar precipitate of unknown composition. Here we report the results of investigations of the sense of the strain fields about the large (~100 nm) silicide precipitates, and further analysis of the small (~10-20 nm) planar precipitates.Numerous dark field images were analyzed in accordance with Ashby and Brown's criteria for determining the sense of the strain fields about precipitates. While the situation is complicated by the presence of dislocations and secondary precipitates, micrographs like those shown in Fig. 1(a) and 1(b) tend to show anomalously wide strain fields with the dark side on the side of negative g, indicating the strain fields about the silicide precipitates are vacancy in nature. This is in conflict with information reported on the η'' phase (the Cu silicide phase presumed to precipitate within the bulk) whose interstitial strain field is considered responsible for the interstitial Si atoms which cause the bounding dislocation to expand during star colony growth.

J 5 — A Data Processing System for Medical Information

1967 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
P. Hall ◽  
Ch. Mellner ◽  
T. Danielsson
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
Flexible Form ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Pattern Recognition Analysis ◽  
Numeric Information

A system for medical information has been developed. The system is a general and flexible one which without reprogramming or new programs can accept any alphabetic and/or numeric information. Coded concepts and natural language can be read, stored, decoded and written out. Medical records or parts of records (diagnosis, operations, therapy, laboratory tests, symptoms etc.) can be retrieved and selected. The system can process simple statistics but even make linear pattern recognition analysis.The system described has been used for in-patients, outpatients and individuals in health examinations.The use of computers in hospitals, health examinations or health care systems is a problem of storing information in a general and flexible form. This problem has been solved, and now it is possible to add new routines like booking and follow-up-systems.

Weed Management in Peanuts

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratap Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Good Management ◽  
Peanut Production

Successful weed control in peanuts involves use of good management practices in all phases of peanut production. This 11-page document lists herbicide products registered for use in Florida peanut production, their mode of actions group, application rate per acre and per season, and reentry interval. It also discusses the performance of these herbicides on several weeds under Florida conditions. Written by J. A. Ferrell, G. E. MacDonald, and P. Devkota, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, revised May 2020.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document