Exploring How Trauma Is Addressed in Sexual Education Interventions for Youth: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 880-893
Author(s):  
Lisa S. Panisch ◽  
Monica Faulkner ◽  
Sofia B. Fernandez ◽  
Nicole M. Fava
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
Education Interventions ◽  
Intervention Content ◽  
The Impact

Traumatic experiences are common among adolescents and can negatively affect learning and increase the risk of early pregnancy, parenthood, and sexually transmitted infections. Little is known about how current sexual health interventions address trauma. A scoping review was conducted to gain insight into how trauma is addressed in adolescent sexual health interventions. Peer-reviewed studies from the United States published between 2008 and 2018 describing a sexual health intervention for youth were considered. Studies were analyzed to determine if and how trauma was addressed in the interventions. Out of 169 articles initially screened, 29 met inclusion criteria and 23% ( n = 6) addressed trauma. Four interventions addressed trauma in the intervention content, while two studies evaluated trauma in outcome measures. Educators can broaden this reach by developing trauma-informed content that is compatible with existing curricula. Ongoing study is recommended to evaluate the impact of trauma-informed content on the sexual knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of youth.

scholarly journals A Scoping Review of Trauma-Informed Curricula for Primary Care Providers

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 843-856
Author(s):  
Constance Gundacker ◽  
Tyler W. Barreto ◽  
Julie P. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
The Impact

Background and Objectives: Traumatic experiences such as abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction have a lifetime prevalence of 62%-75% and can negatively impact health outcomes. However, many primary care providers (PCPs) are inadequately prepared to treat patients with trauma due to a lack of training. Our objective was to identify trauma-informed approach curricula for PCPs, review their effectiveness, and identify gaps. Methods: We systematically identified articles from Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Academic Search Premier, Cochrane, PsycINFO, MedEd Portal, and the STFM Resource Library. Search term headings “trauma-informed care (TIC),” “resilience,” “patient-centered care,” “primary care,” and “education.” Inclusion criteria were PCP, pediatric and adult patients, and training evaluation. Exclusion criteria were outside the United States, non-English articles, non-PCPs, and inpatient settings. We used the TIC pyramid to extract topics. We analyzed evaluation methods using the Kirkpatrick Model. Results: Researchers reviewed 6,825 articles and identified 17 different curricula. Understanding health effects of trauma was the most common topic (94%). Evaluation data revealed overall positive reactions and improved knowledge, attitudes, and confidence. Half (53%) reported Kirkpatrick level 3 behavior change evaluation outcomes with increased trauma screening and communication, but no change in referrals. Only 12% (2/17) evaluated Kirkpatrick level 4 patient satisfaction (significant results) and health outcomes (not significant). Conclusions: Pilot findings from studies in our review show trauma-informed curricula for PCPs reveal positive reactions, an increase in knowledge, screening, communication, and patient satisfaction, but no change in referrals or health outcomes. Further research is needed to examine the impact of trainings on quality of care and health outcomes.

scholarly journals Persistently high SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate and incidence for Hispanic/Latinos during state reopening in an urban setting: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Hsiang Weng ◽  
Andrew Saal ◽  
Daniel C. McGuire ◽  
Philip A. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Latino Population ◽  
Hispanic Latinos ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hispanic White

Abstract Hispanic/Latino populations are disproportionately impacted by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States. The impact of state reopening on COVID-19 in this population after stay-at-home orders is unknown. We evaluated the incidence, prevalence and trends during reopening of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) at a major federally qualified health centre in Providence, Rhode Island. A total of 14 505 patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 from 19 March to 18 August 2020, of which, data on 13 318 (91.8%) patients were available; 70.0% were Hispanic/Latino, and 2905 were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The urban Hispanic/Latino population was almost five times more likely to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 (risk ratio 4.97, 95% CI 2.59–9.53, P < 0.001) compared to non-Hispanic White. The positivity rates among the urban Hispanic/Latino population remained >10% during all phases of reopening. The trends of the incidence rates showed similar associations to those we observed for positivity rates. Public health interventions to address SARS-CoV-2 in Hispanic/Latino communities are urgently needed, even in latter phases of state reopening.

Sexually Transmitted Infections in the U.S. Military: A Sexual Health Paradigm to Address Risk Behaviors, Unintended Pregnancy, Alcohol Use, and Sexual Trauma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherrie B Boyer ◽  
Charlotte A Gaydos ◽  
Amy B Geller ◽  
Eric C Garges ◽  
Sten H Vermund
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
Universal Health Care ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Military ◽  
Universal Health

ABSTRACT To address the ongoing epidemic of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (National Academies) conducted a consensus study on STI control and prevention in the United States to provide recommendations to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Association of County and City Health Officials. The culminating report identified military personnel as one of the priority groups that require special consideration given the high prevalence of STIs and their associated behaviors (e.g., concurrent sexual partners and infrequent condom use) that occur during active duty service. Universal health care access, the relative ease and frequency of STI screening, and the educational opportunities within the military are all assets in STI control and prevention. The report offers a comprehensive framework on multiple and interrelated influences on STI risk, prevention, health care access, delivery, and treatment. It also provides an overview of the multilevel risk and protective factors associated with STIs that could be applied using a sexual health paradigm. The military context must integrate the multilevel domains of influences to guide the effort to fill current gaps and research needs. The Department of Defense, with its large clinical and preventive medicine workforce and its well-established universal health care system, is well positioned to enact changes to shift its current approach to STI prevention, treatment, and control. STI control based on highlighting behavioral, social, cultural, and environmental influences on service members’ sexual health and wellness may well drive better STI care and prevention outcomes.

Syphilis epidemiology and public health interventions in Western Australia from 1991 to 2009

Sexual Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kellie S. H. Kwan ◽  
Carolien M. Giele ◽  
Heath S. Greville ◽  
Carole A. Reeve ◽  
P. Heather Lyttle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Notification Data ◽  
The Impact

Objectives To describe the epidemiology of congenital and infectious syphilis during 1991–2009, examine the impact of public health interventions and discuss the feasibility of syphilis elimination among Aboriginal people in Western Australia (WA). Methods: WA congenital and infectious syphilis notification data in 1991–2009 and national infectious syphilis notification data in 2005–2009 were analysed by Aboriginality, region of residence, and demographic and behavioural characteristics. Syphilis public health interventions in WA from 1991–2009 were also reviewed. Results: During 1991–2009, there were six notifications of congenital syphilis (50% Aboriginal) and 1441 infectious syphilis notifications (61% Aboriginal). During 1991–2005, 88% of notifications were Aboriginal, with several outbreaks identified in remote WA. During 2006–2009, 62% of notifications were non-Aboriginal, with an outbreak in metropolitan men who have sex with men. The Aboriginal : non-Aboriginal rate ratio decreased from 173 : 1 (1991–2005) to 15 : 1 (2006–2009). Conclusions: These data demonstrate that although the epidemiology of syphilis in WA has changed over time, the infection has remained endemic among Aboriginal people in non-metropolitan areas. Given the continued public health interventions targeted at this population, the limited success in eliminating syphilis in the United States and the unique geographical and socioeconomic features of WA, the elimination of syphilis seems unlikely in this state.

Aging in place among older adults with histories of traumatic experiences: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona A Danielson ◽  
Susan Ray-Degges
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Aging In Place ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Trauma History ◽  
Permanent Supportive Housing ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
Aging Adults ◽  
Design And Methods

Abstract Background and Objectives Adverse childhood and adult experiences can have far-reaching impacts, and when coupled with typical aging-related changes, may impede achievement of a suitable person-environment fit for aging adults. The objective of our study was to determine if extant literature connects older adults with trauma history to successfully aging in place. Research Design and Methods We proposed a conceptual model regarding trauma history, adaptive capacity of aging adults, and trauma-informed supports for aging in place. We conducted a scoping review using six databases [key words older adult(s), aging in place, housing, trauma], with a full review of 32 articles. Results Insights included: 1) Aging in place does not have to mean living in the same house over time. 2) The uncertainty of the aging process can be traumatic and can be exacerbated by previous traumatic experiences. 3) Environmental sensitivities can result from previous traumatic experiences and cause further trauma. 4) Housing precarity is a traumatic experience. 5) Permanent supportive housing is an important resource for people in crisis. 6) Community supports are critical to aging in place. Discussion and Implications Our review revealed insights about aging in place and trauma, but did not connect the vulnerabilities specific to aging adults with personal trauma histories to aging in place. Research is needed that confirms the relationship between history of traumatic experiences and difficulties with aging in place as well as trauma-informed approaches that can mitigate housing-related stressors and foster community living environments that provide equitable access to aging in place.

scholarly journals Mapping the study topics and characteristics of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis research literature: a protocol for a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e024212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiko Kamitani ◽  
Adebukola H Johnson ◽  
Megan Wichser ◽  
Yuko Mizuno ◽  
Julia B DeLuca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

IntroductionThe research literature addressing pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has increased considerably over the last decade. To better understand the research areas and explore research gaps, we will conduct a scoping review to map study topics and describe study characteristics and populations in publications focused on PrEP. The purpose of this protocol is to describe planned methods for the scoping review.Methods and analysisWe will implement a comprehensive systematic literature search to identify PrEP citations in the United States Centres for Disease Control and Prevention HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis Project database that is unique and extensively focuses on HIV/sexually transmitted infections/hepatitis. We will screen and include studies that are (1) focused on HIV PrEP, (2) primary research with human participants and (3) published in English. Two reviewers will independently abstract data on authors’ names, study years, countries, population characteristics and design. To describe and summarise study topics, we will use 19 codes and five categories that were developed from a preliminary study. The five categories arecategory 1: potential PrEP user/prescriber(behaviours/issues for potential PrEP takers/healthcare professionals),category 2: considerations while on PrEP(experiences of and problems related to staying on or prescribing PrEP),category 3: PrEP efficacy and safety(biomedical aspects and medication efficacy),category 4: methods of and experiences with PrEP clinical trials(possesses/experiences of clinical trials) andcategory 5: cost-effectiveness or economic evaluation(cost studies). Data will be analysed with descriptive statistics.Ethics and disseminationThe findings will be presented at HIV-related conferences and published in peer-review journals.

A Scoping Review on the Long-Term Outcomes in Persons with Adult-Acquired Burn Injuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-502
Author(s):  
Stephanie R Cimino ◽  
Jorge N Rios ◽  
Matthew Godleski ◽  
Sander L Hitzig
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Burn Survivors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Adult-acquired burn injuries are a life-altering event that can lead to debilitating functional or psychological impairments. With advancements in health care resulting in decreased mortality rates, survivors of burn injuries can expect to live longer. This warrants a shift in focus to better understand what happens to adults once they are discharged from the hospital into the community. Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review was to map the literature regarding the long-term outcomes of community-dwelling adult-acquired burn survivors. A computer-assisted literature search was conducted on literature from January 1, 2000 to August 31, 2018 utilizing four large databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINHAL, and PsycINFO). Articles were included if they had a minimum of five individuals with a burn injury as a result of an accidental injury who were at least 18 years of age at the time of injury. Fifty-four articles were found suitable for inclusion in this review. The majority of studies were conducted in the United States and were longitudinal in design. Four themes were apparent from the articles: postburn complications, psychosocial outcomes, quality of life, and community participation. Data are lacking with respect to outcomes more than 5 years postburn as well as qualitative research. Furthermore, more literature is needed to understand the impact of postburn complications, coping strategies, and posttraumatic growth as well as barriers to community participation. Overall, there is an emerging body of literature that describes the long-term outcomes of adult-acquired burn survivors up to 5 years postburn.

scholarly journals How to optimise public health interventions: a scoping review of guidance from optimisation process frameworks

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam McCrabb ◽  
Kaitlin Mooney ◽  
Benjamin Elton ◽  
Alice Grady ◽  
Sze Lin Yoong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Implementation Strategy ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Health Intervention ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Problem Identification ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Optimisation processes have the potential to rapidly improve the impact of health interventions. Optimisation can be defined as a deliberate, iterative and data-driven process to improve a health intervention and/or its implementation to meet stakeholder-defined public health impacts within resource constraints. This study aimed to identify frameworks used to optimise the impact of health interventions and/or their implementation, and characterise the key concepts, steps or processes of identified frameworks. Methods A scoping review of MEDLINE, CINAL, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source databases was undertaken. Two reviewers independently coded the key concepts, steps or processes involved in each frameworks, and identified if it was a framework aimed to optimise interventions or their implementation. Two review authors then identified the common steps across included frameworks. Results Twenty optimisation frameworks were identified. Eight frameworks were for optimising interventions, 11 for optimising implementation and one covered both intervention and implementation optimisation. The mean number of steps within the frameworks was six (range 3–9). Almost half (n = 8) could be classified as both linear and cyclic frameworks, indicating that some steps may occur multiple times in a single framework. Two meta-frameworks are proposed, one for intervention optimisation and one for implementation strategy optimisation. Steps for intervention optimisation are: Problem identification; Preparation; Theoretical/Literature base; Pilot/Feasibility testing; Optimisation; Evaluation; and Long-term implementation. Steps for implementation strategy optimisation are: Problem identification; Collaborate; Plan/design; Pilot; Do/change; Study/evaluate/check; Act; Sustain/endure; and Disseminate/extend. Conclusions This review provides a useful summary of the common steps followed to optimise a public health intervention or its implementation according to established frameworks. Further opportunities to study and/or validate such frameworks and their impact on improving outcomes exist.

Demand for sexual health services during the Olympic Games: both sides of the Sherman effect

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M McNulty ◽  
Richard Rohrsheim ◽  
Basil Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Centre Database ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Olympic Games

To determine the impact of the Olympic Games the Sydney Sexual Health Centre database was accessed for demographic, health care utilization, and morbidity variables for two periods of interest: 15-29 September 2000 (the 'Olympic period'), and 1-30 September 1999 ('1999 comparison period'). Differences were tested by chi-square statistics and by calculation of odds ratios (ORs) using SPSS. During the Olympic period twice as many of the new patients had arrived in Australia that year (35% c.f. 18%: OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.49-4.05, P=0.0002). Per attendance the proportion with symptoms or a known sexually transmitted infection (STI) contact was higher during the Games (29% c.f. 16% OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.1.27-2.21, P=0.0002) and there was a marginally higher yield of bacterial STIs (6% c.f. 3%: OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.06-3.13 P=0.03). The normal clinic population was replaced by an increased proportion of symptomatic patients who were recent arrivals in Australia.

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