AIDS Risk Behaviors, Knowledge, and Attitudes among Pregnant Adolescents and Young Mothers

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Koniak-Griffin ◽  
Mary-Lynn Brecht
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Young Mothers ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Pregnant Adolescents ◽  
Multiple Sex Partners ◽  
Aids Risk

This study assessed AIDS risk behaviors, knowledge, and related attitudes of pregnant adolescents and young mothers (n = 151). Results revealed that a substantial portion of the sample engaged in sexual behaviors (e.g., unprotected sex and multiple sex partners) that increased their risk for acquiring HIV and possibly transmitting the disease to their children. Knowledge about major modes of HIV transmission was high; however, commonly held misconceptions were expressed concerning the spread of disease and methods of prevention. Results suggest that neither the experience of having an unplanned pregnancy nor knowing about HIV transmission was a sufficient motivator to reduce risk behaviors in this sample.

Risk of HIV Transmission in Sexual Behaviors of College Students

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Simkins
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Multiple Sex Partners ◽  
Married Students ◽  
Deceptive Communication

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sexual behaviors of college students and assess the extent to which they were engaging in behaviors that have a risk for contracting AIDS. A total of 132 single sexually active students and 58 married students responded to a survey on their sexual behaviors and attitudes. Risk behaviors such as engaging in unprotected sex, having multiple sex partners, practicing anal sex, alcohol use, and infidelity and deceptive communication with partner were examined. Compared with earlier surveys on the same population, there was an increase in concern about contracting AIDS and a significant increase in the percentage of students who took the AIDS antibody test. Although none indicated they would lie to partners about a seropositive AIDS test, a few would not tell their partner unless specifically asked. A small percentage of subjects would have extradyadic relations without informing their steady partners and a small number of respondents indicated they might continue to engage in sexual relations with a seropositive partner or a new partner who recently had a seronegative AIDS test. The risks most predominant in this sample were the practice of unprotected sex, having multiple sex partners, and the consumption of alcohol in conjunction with sexual activity. With the exception of unprotected intercourse, the majority of respondents were engaging in behaviors that pose a minimal risk for contracting AIDS.

scholarly journals Alcohol Use, Stigmatizing/Discriminatory Attitudes, and HIV High-Risk Sexual Behaviors among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meizhen Liao ◽  
Dianmin Kang ◽  
Xiaorun Tao ◽  
Jennifer Huang Bouey ◽  
Muktar H. Aliyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Anal Sex ◽  
The Past ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objective. This research was conducted to assess the correlates of alcohol consumption and HIV/AIDS-related stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shandong province, China.Methods. A cross-sectional survey provided demographics, sexual behaviors, illicit drug use, alcohol consumptions, and service utilization.Results. Of 1,230 participants, 82.8% were single, 85.7% aged <35 years, 47.2% had college or higher education, and 11.7% drank alcohol >3 times per week in the past six months. The average total score of stigmatizing and discriminatory attitude was 37.4 ± 4.4. More frequent episodes of alcohol use were independently associated with higher levels of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination, unprotected anal sex, bisexual identity, multiple male sex partners, drug use, and lower levels of education. Expressing higher levels of HIV/AIDS-related stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes was independently associated with alcohol use, unprotected male anal sex, bisexuals, more male sex partners, commercial sex with men, and non-receipt of peer education in the past year.Conclusion. HIV/AIDS-related stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes are common and associated with alcohol use and unprotected sex among MSM. The finding highlights the needs to develop programs that would reduce HIV/AIDS-related stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes and strengthen alcohol use prevention and risk reduction initiatives among MSM.

Influencing factors on high-risk sexual behaviors in young people: an ecological perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda Arabi-Mianrood ◽  
Zeinab Hamzehgardeshi ◽  
Elham Khoori ◽  
Mahmood Moosazadeh ◽  
Zohreh Shahhosseini
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Young People ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background In recent years, high-risk sexual behaviors due to their negative consequences both for the individual and society have received more attention than other high-risk behaviors. Objective The aim of this study was to review the influencing factors of high-risk sexual behaviors among young people from an ecological point of view. Methods This review was conducted through searching databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library with keywords such as sexual risk-taking behavior, high-risk sex, unprotected sex and unsafe sex. The relevant papers published between 1995 and 2016 were extracted. After reviewing the abstract and full text of the articles, 45 papers were used to write this article. Results From an ecological theory approach, factors which influence high-risk sexual behaviors are divided into three categories – the microsystem, the mesosystem and the macrosystem. The microsystem includes factors such as age, gender, race, marital status, place of residence, religion, level of education, personality traits, psychological problems, childhood experiences, body image and coincidence of high-risk behaviors; the mesosystem includes factors such as family structure, peers and sex education; in the macrosystem, the impact of culture and traditions of the society, economic status and the media are presented. Conclusion Given that high-risk sexual behaviors often have multiple causes, it seems that health policymakers must consider multi-dimensional interventions to influence high-risk sexual behaviors based on the ecological approach.

Heterosexual HIV transmission dynamics: implications for prevention and control

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 509-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Chin ◽  
Anthony Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Epidemic Spread ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Disease Agent ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

Understanding the epidemiologic definition of epidemic versus non-epidemic spread of an infectious disease agent and the different patterns of heterosexual HIV transmission are needed to fully understand the low potential for heterosexual HIV epidemics in most heterosexual populations. Epidemic sexual HIV transmission can occur only in populations where there are large numbers of persons who have unprotected sex with multiple and concurrent sex partners. How high HIV prevalence may reach in these populations depends on the size and overlap of sex networks, and the prevalence of facilitating and protective factors that can greatly increase or limit the amount of infected blood and sexual fluids exchanged during intercourse. The wide difference in potentials for heterosexual HIV epidemics that exists within and between countries must be recognized, accepted and monitored in order to design and focus prevention strategies where they are most needed and most effective.

scholarly journals A qualitative view of the HIV epidemic in coastal Ecuador

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam L Beckman ◽  
Magdelana M Wilson ◽  
Vishaal Prabhu ◽  
Nicola Soekoe ◽  
Humberto Mata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Multiple Sex Partners ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Living With Hiv

In 2013 approximately 37,000 people were living with HIV in Ecuador (prevalence 0.4%), representing a generalized epidemic where most new infections arise from sexual interactions in the general population. Studies that examine attitudes towards people living with HIV (PLWH), individual risk perception of acquiring HIV amongst Ecuadorians, and the ways in which levels of risk perception may affect risk behaviors are lacking. This qualitative study aimed to fill this gap in the literature by investigating these issues in the rural, coastal community of Manglaralto, Ecuador, which has among the highest incidence of HIV in Ecuador. We conducted interviews with 15 patients at Manglaralto Hospital. Analysis of interview transcripts revealed widespread negative attitudes towards PLWH, prevalent risk behaviors such as multiple sex partners and lack of condom use, and low individual risk-perception of contracting HIV. These findings underscore the need for increased efforts to prevent further growth of the HIV epidemic in Ecuador.

scholarly journals Gender norms and sexual behaviours among men in western Jamaica

Sexual Health ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melonie M. Walcott ◽  
Ellen Funkhouser ◽  
Maung Aung ◽  
Mirjam C. Kempf ◽  
John Ehiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Sex Partners ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Risky Sexual Behaviours

Objectives Gender norms, especially among men, can reduce the effectiveness of HIV prevention programs. We sought to assess the association between attitudes towards gender norms and risky sexual behaviours, and identify sociodemographic factors that predict gender-inequitable and masculinity norms among men in western Jamaica. Methods: A cross-sectional, survey of 549 men aged 19–54 years was conducted. Attitudes towards gender norms were measured using the Gender Equitable Men and Macho scales. Logistic regression and general linear models were used to assess associations between gender norms and multiple sexual partners, and to identify the associated sociodemographic factors. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are presented. Results: Fifty-four percent of the participants (mean age = 32.4 years) reported multiple sex partners and 22% reported unprotected sex with non-regular partner in the past 12 months. Men with moderate (AOR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.4–3.3) and high (AOR = 4.2; 95% CI = 2.0–8.5) support for inequitable gender norms, and moderate (AOR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.1–2.7) and high (AOR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.5–4.3) support for masculinity norms were more likely to report multiple sex partners. Similarly, men with moderate (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.3–4.3) and high (AOR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.2–5.2) support for inequitable gender norms were more likely to report unprotected sex with a nonregular partner. Conclusion: A high proportion of Jamaican men engage in risky sexual behaviours. These results highlight the need for behaviour change interventions addressing gender norms targeting Jamaican men.

INTERACTION BETWEEN HIV AWARENESS, KNOWLEDGE, SAFE SEX PRACTICE AND HIV PREVALENCE: EVIDENCE FROM BOTSWANA

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
RANJAN RAY ◽  
KOMPAL SINHA
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Safe Sex ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Multiple Sex Partners ◽  
Hiv Awareness ◽  
Sex Practices

SummaryThis paper makes methodological and empirical contributions to the study of HIV in the context of Botswana, a country with high HIV prevalence. Comparable evidence is presented from India to put the Botswana results in perspective. The results point to the strong role played by affluence and education in increasing HIV knowledge, promoting safe sex and reducing HIV prevalence. The study presents African evidence on the role played by the empowerment of women in promoting safe sex practices such as condom use. The lack of significant association between HIV prevalence and safe sex practice points to the danger of HIV-infected individuals spreading the disease through multiple sex partners and unprotected sex. This danger is underlined by the finding that females with multiple sex partners are at higher risk of being infected with HIV. These results take on special policy significance in the context of Botswana, where the issue of multiple sex partners has not been adequately addressed in the programme to contain the spread of HIV.

scholarly journals Trichomonas vaginalisInfection and Associated Risk Factors in a Socially-Marginalized Female Population in Coastal Peru

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Segundo R. Leon ◽  
Kelika A. Konda ◽  
Kyle T. Bernstein ◽  
Jose B. Pajuelo ◽  
Ana M. Rosasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Multiple Sex Partners ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Marginalized Women ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Objective. The epidemiology ofTrichomonas vaginalisinfection among sexually active socially-marginalized women in three urban, coastal Peruvian cities was examined in order to quantify the prevalence of trichomonas infection and identify associated risk factors.Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional, venue-based study of women from socially-marginalized populations in three coastal Peruvian cities.Results. Among the 319 women enrolled, the overall prevalence of trichomonal infection was 9.1% (95% CI, 5.9%–12.3%). The mean age was 26.3 years, and 35.5% reported having had unprotected intercourse with nonprimary partners and 19.8% reported two or more sex partners in the last three months. Trichomonal infection was associated with increased number of sex partners (PR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4–4.6) and unprotected sex with nonprimary partner in the last three months (PR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1–4.9).Conclusions. A moderately high prevalence of trichomonal infection was found among women in our study. Trichomonal infection was associated with unprotected sex and multiple sex partners. Efforts to control the continued spread of trichomonal infection are warranted.

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