Biphasic Postnatal Umbilical Cord Shortening

2021 ◽  
pp. 109352662098425
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A Manci ◽  
Sejal Shah Alvarez ◽  
Steven B McClellan ◽  
Pamela Moore Campbell ◽  
Sandhya Dasaraju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Rigor Mortis ◽  
Umbilical Cords ◽  
Cord Length ◽  
Over Time

Introduction Variations in postnatal length of refrigerated, unfixed umbilical cords were studied over time to elucidate natural changes and times of stability. Methods Length was measured in 132 cords following severance, repeated at varying timed intervals and studied by analysis of variance and regression analysis. Results Data show immediate rapid initial phase shortening (mean 4.2+/-3.9 cm SD); an interval of lengthening; stable length at hours 3-4 following severance, a slower second phase shortening (mean 1.5+/-0.7 cm SD) beginning at 5 hours and peaking at 12 hours; and gradual lengthening to stable length after 23 hours. Overall, there was a significant net mean decrease of 3.49+/-2.29 cm SD. Shortening was greatest for intact long cord segments (p=0.0001), as much as 11 cm. Two highly significant models for predicting umbilical cord length at delivery (OL) were determined using the post-delivery lengths (Length) measured at different times following delivery (Hours), as follows: At ≤ 3 hours following delivery: OL=1.02xLength cm+1.11xHours At >3 hours following delivery: OL=1.07xLength+0.44xHours-0.01x(Hours)2 Conclusion Cord lengths stabilized between hours 3-4 and after 23 hours following severance. Phase one shortening resembles vasoconstriction; phase two resembles rigor mortis. The models allow prediction of the original umbilical cord length at delivery, regardless of the time of measurement.

scholarly journals Anatomical Structure of the Umbilical Cord in Sudanese and Correlation with Neonatal Outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Motaz Ahmed Abdelrahman NuggedAlla ◽  
Yasser Seddeg Abdulghani ◽  
Omer Ahmed Mirghani Osman ◽  
Haydar ElHadi Babikir
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Umbilical Cords ◽  
Cord Length

Background The neonatal morbidity and mortality is very high in the Sudan, the umbilical cord association and contribution to this is planned to be answered. Therefore the present study was designed to provide some information on the morphological variations of human umbilical cord via gross anatomical assessment and their correlation with foetal factors such as foetal weight and length. Methods A prospective hospital - based study conducted in Wad Madani Maternity Teaching Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology between July 2014 and March 2018 Results The mean diameter of the 371 umbilical cords was 2.1±0.24cm. Length was 53.8±3.8 cm length ranging from 48 – 62 cm and 10 (2.7%) of 371 umbilical cords were uncoiled. of which, 1 (0.3%) cords were with absent Wharton’s Jelly. The mean neonatal indices were 2.95 kg, 33.19 cm and 44.42 cm for weight, head circumference and length respectively. There was just significant strong positive correlation between umbilical cord length and length of neonates. Also Umbilical cord diameter had a positive correlation with length of neonates and negative correlation with weight of neonates and APGAR Score. Conclusion The present study suggests that ‘normal’ cord length should be between 40 cm and 70 cm in length. Umbilical cord diameter had a positive correlation with fetal length and negative correlation with fetal weight and APGAR score. The diameter range of 1-2 cm suggests that a normal cord must not exceed 2 cm in diameter. However the umbilical cord index had negative correlation with length of neonates.

scholarly journals STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES APPLIED IN THREE JOURNALS OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES WITH A FOCUS ON ANIMAL SCIENCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Marcos BUSANELLO ◽  
Thiago Sergio de ANDRADE ◽  
Carolina Naves AROEIRA ◽  
Carlos Tadeu dos Santos DIAS
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Tools And Methods ◽  
Over Time

There are few previous studies that investigate the most used statistical techniques in animal science. Due  to the large number of tools and methods available for statistical analysis, it is important to identify the most applied ones for this area of research. Therefore, we aimed to identify the use of different statistical techniques (designs, software and analysis) used in two Brazilian journals (Ciência Rural and Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia) and one international journal (Journal of Animal Science). In order to do this, scientific articles published during the years 2011 to 2015 were selected to form a database. Our article discusses the use of designs, software and analyses most commonly used in the journals studied. To study this, we used descriptive statistics and multivariate approaches. Completely randomized and randomized blocks design were the principal designs used in animal science. The SAS® software was the principal software used. Finally, analysis of variance was the principal statistical method, followed by regression analysis. There were no differences between the journals over time regarding the use of statistical analyses. The results highlight the importance of hypothesis testing within animal science.

scholarly journals Association Between Umbilical Cord Coiling Index and Prenatal Outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Forozan Milani ◽  
Seyedeh Hajar Sharami ◽  
Ehsan Kazemnejad Lili ◽  
Fatemeh Ebrahimi ◽  
Seyedeh Fatemeh Dalil Heirati
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neonatal Complications ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Umbilical Cords ◽  
Cord Length

Objectives: This study aimed to measure the umbilical cord indices (UCIs) after birth and to determine its relationship with prenatal complications. Materials and Methods: The present analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on all the pregnant women admitted to AlZahra hospital of Rasht. After birth, the umbilical cord was measured in terms of the appearance, number of vascular coils, and umbilical cord length. In addition, the umbilical cord vascular coils index was calculated. Further, maternal and neonatal variables were evaluated. Results: The mean number of umbilical cord coils, umbilical cord length, and the umbilical cord coiling index for 397 umbilical cords were obtained as 16.02 ± 4.48, 51.6 ± 12.0 and 0.31 ± 0.05 cm, respectively. In evaluating the state of the coil, 9.8% were found as hypocoil while the remaining were either hypercoil (10.3%) or normocoil (79.85%). Furthermore, a significant difference was observed between the umbilical cord coiling index, as well as gestational hypertension and abnormal fetal heart rate (HR) (P < 0.05). In the final logistic regression model, the umbilical cord length was recognized as a predictor variable for neonatal complications. Moreover, in multiple analyses regarding the effects of umbilical cord coiling index on neonatal complications by controlling the interferences, variables such as maternal age and parity in addition to the coil length were considered as predictors of neonatal complications. Conclusions: Generally, the abnormal umbilical cord coiling index was associated with pregnancy blood pressure (BP) and abnormal fetus HR. Therefore, diagnosing antenatal umbilical cord coiling index can be helpful in recognition of embryos at risk through a faster treatment process.

scholarly journals The Impact of B Corp Certification on Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7191
Author(s):  
Valerie Paelman ◽  
Philippe Van Cauwenberge ◽  
Heidi Vander Bauwhede
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Full Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Over Time

We empirically test whether B Corp certification affects the short- and medium-term growth rates of sustainable enterprises. These businesses are growing in popularity and prevalence but, due to their hybrid nature, often suffer from external credibility issues and competing internal logics. Because of the rigorous and time-involving audit procedure, B Corp certification potentially sends a credible signal about the sustainable nature of the enterprise to its stakeholders. In addition, the B Corp label could help to straighten out internal tensions and align the company towards its dual purpose. Hence, B Corp certification could contribute to company success. We observe 129 firms that were certified between 2013 and 2018 over a period between six years prior and five years post-certification. Using propensity score matching, we identify 129 non-certified matching companies. On this sample, we conduct a difference-in-differences panel regression analysis to investigate the effect of certification. Our dataset allows us to study how the effects of B Corp certification evolve over time, which was previously untested. Our study documents a positive effect of B Corp certification on turnover growth and also that this effect increases with the time since certification, implying that certification requires some time for its full effect to become apparent.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of Umbilical Cords as a Source for Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. O. Maslova ◽  
N. S. Shuvalova ◽  
O. M. Sukhorada ◽  
S. M. Zhukova ◽  
O. G. Deryabina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Umbilical Cord Tissue ◽  
Umbilical Cords

The object of the paper is to show the heterogeneity of 300 cord samples processed in the current research. The differences in effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) isolation are shown. Moreover, the recommendations for choosing the method of MSC isolation depending on the value of stromal-vascular rate are given. The data can be useful for selecting the optimal conditions to obtain MSC and for further cryopreservation of umbilical cord tissue.

Canadian Exceptionalism: Explaining Differences over Time in Provincial and Federal Voter Turnout

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donley T. Studlar
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
The Political ◽  
Federal Level ◽  
Industrial Democracies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Cross National

Canada is unusual among advanced industrial democracies in having some provinces which regularly have greater voter turnouts for provincial than for federal elections. Provincial and federal turnouts by province in Canada are analyzed for the 1945-1998 period using multiple regression analysis, both for each set of elections and by comparing differences between the two. Federal turnout has declined over the years but provincial turnout appears to have increased slightly. Although the effects found here largely confirm previous findings about the relative effects of different types of variables found for the Canadian federal level only, several of the political explanations previously supported in cross-national research find less support. Instead, region, population density, months since the last federal or provincial election, and season of the year generally have greater and sometimes more consistent effects. This suggests the need for more studies of turnout in democracies at sub-central levels.

Standards for measuring umbilical cord length

Placenta ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Mills ◽  
Ernest E. Harley ◽  
Adrien C. Moessinger
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Cord Length

Income Elasticities for State Tax Revenues: Techniques of Estimation and Their Usefulness for Forecasting

1973 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Berney ◽  
Bernard H. Frerichs
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Income Elasticities ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
State Tax ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Revenue Estimation ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Over Time

The concept of income elasticity of tax revenues has been used in numerous studies with little concern about its theoretical foundations. Income elasticities have also been used for revenue estimation with limited concern about stability over time or about the accuracy of the forecasts. This paper explores the development of the tax elasticity measure and, using revenue data from Washington, compares year-to-year elasticity measures with those established by regression analysis. The length of the time series is varied to check on the stability of the coefficients. Finally, the elasticities are used to predict revenues for three years to check on their accuracy for revenue estimation.

Umbilical cord length and coiling are different in breech versus vertex presentation at birth

2006 ◽  
Vol 195 (6) ◽  
pp. S122
Author(s):  
Yifat Ochshorn ◽  
Guy Bibi ◽  
Jessica Ascher Landsberg ◽  
Joseph B. Lessing ◽  
Yuval Yaron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Vertex Presentation ◽  
Cord Length
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