scholarly journals Feline comorbidities: What do we really know about feline triaditis?

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1047-1067
Author(s):  
Petra Černá ◽  
Scott Kilpatrick ◽  
Danielle A Gunn-Moore
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
High Bacterial Load ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Management Recommendations

Practical relevance: Feline triaditis describes concurrent pancreatitis, cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The reported prevalence is 17–39% in ill referral patients. While the aetiology is poorly understood, it is known to include infectious, autoimmune and physical components. What is not known is whether different organs are affected by different diseases, or the same process; indeed, triaditis may be part of a multiorgan inflammatory disease. Feline gastrointestinal tract anatomy plays its role too. Specifically, the short small intestine, high bacterial load and anatomic feature whereby the pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct before entering the duodenal papilla all increase the risk of bacterial reflux and parenchymal inflammation. Inflammation may also be a sequela of bowel bacterial translocation and systemic bacteraemia. Diagnostic challenges: Cholangitis, pancreatitis and IBD manifest with overlapping, vague and non-specific clinical signs. Cholangitis may be accompanied by increased serum liver enzymes, total bilirubin and bile acid concentrations, and variable ultrasonographic changes. A presumptive diagnosis of pancreatitis is based on increased serum pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity or feline pancreas-specific lipase, and/or abnormal pancreatic changes on ultrasonography, though these tests have low sensitivity. Diagnosis of IBD is challenging without histopathology; ultrasound findings vary from normal to mucosal thickening or loss of layering. Triaditis may cause decreased serum folate or cobalamin (B12) concentrations due to intestinal disease and/or pancreatitis. Triaditis can only be confirmed with histopathology; hence, it remains a presumptive diagnosis in most cases. Evidence base: The literature on feline triaditis, pancreatitis, cholangitis and IBD is reviewed, focusing on histopathology, clinical significance and diagnostic challenges. Current management recommendations are provided. Further studies are needed to understand the complex pathophysiology, and in turn improve diagnosis and treatment.

Clinicopathological and ultrasonographic features of cats with eosinophilic enteritis

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 950-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Tucker ◽  
Dominique G Penninck ◽  
John H Keating ◽  
Cynthia RL Webster
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Clinicopathological Feature ◽  
Peripheral Eosinophilia ◽  
High Power Field ◽  
Tissue Eosinophilia ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Jejunal Wall

Eosinophilic enteritis (EE) in cats is poorly characterized. The aim of the current study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical and ultrasonographic findings in cats with histologic evidence of eosinophilic inflammation on gastrointestinal biopsy. Twenty-five cats with tissue eosinophilia on surgical (10) or endoscopic (15) biopsy of the gastrointestinal tract, having an abdominal ultrasound performed within 48 h of biopsy acquisition, were enrolled. History, clinical presentation, clinical pathology and abdominal ultrasound findings were reviewed. Intestinal biopsies were evaluated by a single pathologist and separated into two groups based on the degree of eosinophilic infiltrate: mild (<10 eosinophils/high-power field [HPF], 11/25 cats), or moderate/marked (>10 eosinophils/HPF, 14/25 cats). The former were considered primary lymphoplasmacytic or lymphocytic inflammatory bowel disease (LPE) with subtle eosinophilic infiltrates, and the latter to have EE. Signalment, history and clinical signs were similar in all cats. Only cats with EE (6/14) had palpably thickened intestines. The only distinguishing clinicopathological feature of cats with EE was the presence of peripheral eosinophilia (6/14). On ultrasound, when compared with cats with LPE, cats with EE had a greater mean jejunal wall thickness (3.34 mm ± 0.72 mm vs 4.07 mm ± 0.58 mm, respectively) and an increased incidence of thickening of the muscularis layer (1/11 and 11/14, respectively). In conclusion, ultrasonographic evidence of a prominent intestinal muscularis layer, palpably thickened intestines and peripheral eosinophilia can serve as biomarkers for the presence of EE in cats with chronic intestinal signs.

scholarly journals (Poly)phenols in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1843
Author(s):  
Marilyn Hagan ◽  
Bu' Hussain Hayee ◽  
Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel

(Poly)phenols (PPs) may have a therapeutic benefit in gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this review is to summarise the evidence-base in this regard. Observational evidence does not give a clear indication that PP intake has a preventative role for IBD or IBS, while interventional studies suggest these compounds may confer symptomatic and health-related quality of life improvements in known patients. There are inconsistent results for effects on markers of inflammation, but there are promising reports of endoscopic improvement. Work on the effects of PPs on intestinal permeability and oxidative stress is limited and therefore conclusions cannot be formed. Future work on the use of PPs in IBD and IBS will strengthen the understanding of clinical and mechanistic effects.

Turkish IBD Organization’s Position Statement on Inflammatory Bowel Disease Management Recommendations During COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 488-492
Author(s):  
Murat Toruner ◽  
◽  
Ismail Hakki Kalkan ◽  
Filiz Akyuz ◽  
Ahmet Tezel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Management Recommendations

scholarly journals An afebrile heartwater-like syndrome in goats

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhoda Leask ◽  
Kenneth P. Pettey ◽  
Gareth F. Bath
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Febrile Reaction ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
And Control

Heartwater is a serious limiting factor for sheep and goat production in the major endemic area of sub-Saharan Africa and therefore most knowledge, research and control methods originate from this region. Whilst the usual or common clinical presentations can be used to make a presumptive diagnosis of heartwater with a good measure of confidence, this is not always the case, and animals suffering from heartwater may be misdiagnosed because their cases do not conform to the expected syndrome, signs and lesions. One aberrant form found occasionally in the Channel Island breeds of cattle and some goats is an afebrile heartwaterlike syndrome. The most constant and characteristic features of this heartwater-like syndrome comprise normal temperature, clinical signs associated with generalised oedema, and nervous signs, especially hypersensitivity. The presumption that the disease under investigation is the afebrile heartwater-like syndrome entails a tentative diagnosis based on history and clinical signs and the response to presumed appropriate treatment (metadiagnosis). The afebrile heartwater-like syndrome presents similarly to peracute heartwater but without the febrile reaction. Peracute cases of heartwater have a high mortality rate, enabling confirmation of the disease on post-mortem examination. Recognition of the afebrile heartwater-like syndrome is important to prevent deaths and identify the need for appropriate control measures.

scholarly journals Lung Microbiome Differentially Impacts Survival of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Depending on Tumor Stroma Phenotype

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kovaleva ◽  
Polina Podlesnaya ◽  
Madina Rashidova ◽  
Daria Samoilova ◽  
Anatoly Petrenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Tumor Stroma ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Adjacent Normal Tissue ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Lung Microbiome ◽  
High Bacterial Load

The link between a lung tumor and the lung microbiome is a largely unexplored issue. To investigate the relationship between a lung microbiome and the phenotype of an inflammatory stromal infiltrate, we studied a cohort of 89 patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The microbiome was analyzed in tumor and adjacent normal tissue by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Characterization of the tumor stroma was done using immunohistochemistry. We demonstrated that the bacterial load was higher in adjacent normal tissue than in a tumor (p = 0.0325) with similar patterns of taxonomic structure and alpha diversity. Lung adenocarcinomas did not differ in their alpha diversity from squamous cell carcinomas, although the content of Gram-positive bacteria increased significantly in the adenocarcinoma group (p = 0.0419). An analysis of an inflammatory infiltrate of tumor stroma showed a correlation of CD68, iNOS and FOXP3 with a histological type of tumor. For the first time we showed that high bacterial load in the tumor combined with increased iNOS expression is a favorable prognostic factor (HR = 0.1824; p = 0.0123), while high bacterial load combined with the increased number of FOXP3+ cells is a marker of poor prognosis (HR = 4.651; p = 0.0116). Thus, we established that bacterial load of the tumor has an opposite prognostic value depending on the status of local antitumor immunity.

High bacterial load in negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) foams used in the treatment of chronic wounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erlangga Yusuf ◽  
Xavier Jordan ◽  
Martin Clauss ◽  
Olivier Borens ◽  
Mark Mäder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Wound Therapy ◽  
High Bacterial Load

scholarly journals Pneumococcal pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease: immunopathogenesis and diagnosis

Pneumologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Gina Amanda ◽  
Dianiati Kusumo Sutoyo ◽  
Erlina Burhan
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
High Bacterial Load ◽  
Droplet Nuclei

Abstract Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). It has many virulence factors, the most important being a polysaccharide capsule (Cps). There are 97 different serotypes of pneumococcal based on Cps which include both colonization and invasive serotypes. Pneumococcal pneumonia may exist as a result of either aspiration of bacteria in the nasopharynx or inhalation of droplet nuclei which contains bacteria until they reach the lower respiratory tract. This condition will activate both innate and adaptive immune system. The diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia is established in a patient who has the signs and symptoms of pneumonia, accompanied by the detection of S. pneumoniae in microbiology examination. Pneumococcus may also penetrate into a normally sterile site such as bloodstream, meninges, and pleural cavity, and infection of pneumococcus in those sites are defined as an invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). High bacterial load, dysfunction of the immune system, and co-colonization of another microorganism may also lead to IPD.

scholarly journals P081 CHRONIC GROIN PAIN IN SPORTSMEN. EVIDENCE-BASED IN EXPERIENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvaldo Santilli ◽  
Hernán Santilli ◽  
Rodolfo Scaravonati ◽  
Nicolás Nardelli ◽  
Hernán Etchepare
Keyword(s):  
Groin Pain ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Chronic Groin Pain ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Sportsman’S Hernia ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Abstract Aim The main objective of this study is to describe and analyze the assessment and treatment of chronic groin pain (CGP) based on the experience collected in 20 years. Material and Methods Descriptive, observational, and retrospective study. It is a multidisciplinary team formed by surgeons, physiotherapists, orthopedists, and imaging specialists. That had developed an assessment, diagnosis, and treatment algorithm for (CGP), which have been implemented for more than 20 years. Follow-up included a record of clinical examination findings, clinical entities diagnosed, ultrasound findings, physiotherapy treatment, operation notes, and postoperative recovery, time to return to sporting activity, and complications. Results In the period between August 2000 and August 2020, we assessed 9996 patients with CGP. (91%) men and (9%) women with a mean age of 30 (SD: 11.21). The most frequently practiced sports were: football (43%), rugby (25%), tennis (12%). The most frequent clinical entities registered were tendinopathies (69%): iliopsoas-pectineus- related (36%) and adductor-related (33%). Tendinopathy sports rehabilitation treatment: (95.7%) presented total recovery in 45 days; 260 patients (4.3%)intra-tissue percutaneous electrolysis was used with favorable recovery. Only 16 patients required tenotomies The ultrasound has been used to detect signs of adductor tendinopathy (92%) and sportsman hernia, but has low sensitivity in iliopsoas-pectineus tendinopathy (21%). Conclusions The algorithm used has proven to be safe and successful. Tendinopathies and Sportsman's hernia are the most common causes of chronic groin pain in sportsmen, presenting together in 82% of the cases. TAPP hernioplasty repair, followed by physical rehabilitation offered excellent results to treat sportsman hernia.

scholarly journals Organized Framework of Main Possible Applications of Sheep Wool Fibers in Building Components

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica C.M. Parlato ◽  
Simona M.C. Porto
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
Rural Buildings ◽  
Building Components ◽  
High Bacterial Load ◽  
Sheep Wool

Greasy sheep wool is currently considered a special waste for its high bacterial load, with expensive disposal costs for sheep breeders. For this reason, wool is often burned or buried, with serious consequences for the environment. On the other hand, sheep wool is well regarded as one of the most performative insulating natural fibers due to its thermo-hygrometric and acoustic properties. In the building sector, sheep wool meets the requirements of green building components because it is an eco-friendly material, there is a surplus of it, it is annually renewable, and totally recyclable. If used instead of common insulation materials (e.g., fiberglass, rock wool, polyurethane foam, polystyrene), sheep wool offers significant benefits for sustainability such as a reduction in the production costs for new insulating materials and in environmental pollution. Mechanical and physical properties of sheep wool investigated in previous studies were assessed and discussed with the aim of providing an organized framework of possible applications of wool fibers in building components. This paper highlights in detail aspects that have not yet been investigated enough to detect new potential uses of sheep wool fibers in rural buildings and the reuse of traditional ones.

Low sensitivity of histopathological examination of peri-implant tissue samples in diagnosing postoperative spinal implant infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 102-B (7) ◽  
pp. 899-903
Author(s):  
Justus Bürger ◽  
Yannick Palmowski ◽  
Patrick Strube ◽  
Carsten Perka ◽  
Michael Putzier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Implant Infection ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Spinal Implant ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Microbiological Examination ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Aims To evaluate the histopathological examination of peri-implant tissue samples as a technique in the diagnosis of postoperative spinal implant infection (PSII). Methods This was a retrospective analysis. Patients who underwent revision spinal surgery at our institution were recruited for this study. PSII was diagnosed by clinical signs, histopathology, and microbiological examination of intraoperatively collected samples. Histopathology was defined as the gold standard. The sensitivity for histopathology was calculated. A total of 47 patients with PSII and at least one microbiological and histopathological sample were included in the study. Results PSII occurred in approximately 28% of the study population. Histopathology showed a sensitivity of 51.1% in the diagnosis of PSII. The most commonly found pathogens were Cutibacterium acnes and gram-positive staphylococci. Conclusion Histopathology has low sensitivity for detecting PSII. In particular, infections caused by low-virulence microorganisms are insufficiently detected by histopathology. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7):899–903.

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