Ultrasonographically derived caudal vena cava parameters acquired in a standing position and lateral recumbency in healthy, lightly sedated cats: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110646
Author(s):  
Tove M Hultman ◽  
Søren R Boysen ◽  
Rebecca Owen ◽  
Ivayla D Yozova
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Collapsibility Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Single Centre Study ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation ◽  
Lateral Recumbency

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of ultrasonographically measuring the caudal vena cava (CVC) at the subxiphoid view of healthy, lightly sedated cats in a standing position and lateral recumbency. Methods This was a prospective, observational, experimental single-centre study. Twenty healthy research-purposed cats were enrolled. Two trained operators scanned each cat in two positions – standing and lateral recumbency – in a randomised order. CVC diameter was measured at the narrowest diameter during inspiration and at the widest diameter during expiration, at two anatomical locations along the CVC – where the CVC crosses the diaphragm (base) and 2 mm caudal to the diaphragm. The CVC collapsibility index (CVC-CI) was calculated for each site. Normalcy was assessed with a Shapiro–Wilk test. A one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey’s test was used to compare inspiratory with expiratory values within and between groups. A paired t-test compared the CVC-CI between groups ( P ⩽0.05 indicated statistical significance). Spearman’s correlation and Bland–Altman analysis assessed inter-operator variability. Results All ultrasonographic data passed normalcy and were reported as mean ± SD. When compared with each other, inspiratory and expiratory values were statistically different for position, location and operator (all P <0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference between lateral recumbency or standing position for inspiratory, expiratory and CVC-CI values. Inter-operator variability was substantial, with operator 2 consistently obtaining smaller measurements than operator 1. The mean CVC-CI in lateral recumbency at the base was 24% for operator 1 and 37% for operator 2. For the same site in standing position, CVC-CI was 27% and 41% for operators 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusions and relevance This pilot study demonstrates that it is possible to ultrasonographically measure the CVC diameter in both lateral recumbency and a standing position in healthy, lightly sedated cats. However, measurements obtained are operator dependent with variability between individuals. Further studies are needed to determine if ultrasonographic CVC assessment will prove helpful in estimating intravascular volume status in cats.

scholarly journals Effect of Isometric Hip Abduction on Foot and Ankle Muscle Activity and Medial Longitudinal Arch During Short-Foot Exercise in Individuals With Pes Planus

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jung-Hoon Choi ◽  
Heon-Seock Cynn ◽  
Chung-Hwi Yi ◽  
Tae-Lim Yoon ◽  
Seung-Min Baik
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Joint Stability ◽  
Abductor Hallucis ◽  
Pes Planus ◽  
Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hip Abduction

Context: The improvement of hip joint stability can significantly impact knee and rearfoot mechanics. Individuals with pes planus have a weak abductor hallucis (AbdH), and the tibialis anterior (TA) may activate to compensate for this. As yet, no studies have applied isometric hip abduction (IHA) for hip stability during short-foot exercise (SFE). Objective: To compare the effects of IHA on the muscle activity of the AbdH, TA, peroneus longus (PL), and gluteus medius (Gmed), as well as the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) angle during sitting and standing SFE. Design: Two-way repeated analyses of variance were used to determine the statistical significance of AbdH, TA, PL, and Gmed electromyography activity, as well as the change in MLA angle. Setting: University research laboratory. Participants: Thirty-two participants with pes planus. Intervention(s): The participants performed SFE with and without isometric hip abduction in sitting and standing positions. Main Outcome Measures: Surface electromyography was used to measure the activity of the AbdH, TA, PL, and Gmed muscles, and Image J was used to measure the MLA angle. Results: Significant interactions between exercise type and position were observed in terms of the PL muscle activity and in the change in MLA angle only, while other muscles showed significant main effects. The IHA during SFE significantly increased the AbdH muscle activity, while the TA muscle activity was significantly lower. The muscle activity of Gmed and PL was significantly increased in the standing position compared with sitting, but there was no significant difference with or without IHA. The change in the MLA angle was significantly greater in SFE with IHA in a standing position than in the other SFE conditions. Conclusions: IHA may be an effective method for reducing compensatory TA activity and increasing AbdH muscle activity during SFE for individuals with pes planus.

scholarly journals STUDENT SUBMISSION PATTERNS IN ONLINE HOMEWORK AND RELATIONSHIPS TO LEARNING OUTCOMES: A PILOT STUDY

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianni Co ◽  
Zuheng Xu ◽  
Giorgio Sgarbi ◽  
Siqi Cheng ◽  
Ziqi Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Online Homework ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Academic Year

Online homework systems are being increasingly used for auto-graded, instant feedback homework and practice for students in math, science and engineering. Students may use these systems, which often allow multiple or unlimited tries, in ways that are different from completing traditional paper-based homework, however research relating online homework system patterns of usage and learning outcomes is limited. This study explores online homework submission patterns and their links to student learning outcomes (weighted individual grades) by analyzing the submission patterns of two second-year engineering courses (~130 students each) from our institution over the 2017-2018 academic year using WeBWorK, an open online homework platform. Students in each of the two courses were clustered into three groups using a K-means algorithm based on when during the homework period they tended to submit attempts. Clusters were used to approximately represent a submission pattern, meaning groups of students that submit attempts mostly early, mostly late, or more evenly over the period. Conducting one-way ANOVAs for each course, we found that there is a significant difference between clusters (submission patterns) in terms of mean individual weighted grades on tests and exams (p < 1.07e-08, p < 2.68e-5). Post-hoc analyses revealed that the best performing cluster (students who submit attempts mostly early) had a mean tests/exams grades that were about 10% higher than worst performing cluster (students who submit attempts mostly late) (p < 2.6e-06, p < 9.9e-05).  

scholarly journals Effect of Nanosilver Gel, Chlorhexidine Gluconate, and Camphorated Phenol on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Bo ◽  
Cecilia Marcellino Kayombo
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

Aim. To assess the effectiveness of nanosilver gel (NSG) in comparison to chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and camphorated phenol (CP) against Enterococcus faecalis (E.f) biofilm. Methods and Materials. Two tests were done, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis, to determine the effectiveness of NSG, CHX, and CP on E.f biofilm. Polystyrene microtiter 96- and 6-well plates were used for MTT and CLSM, respectively. Nanosilver gel was in three concentrations (0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%), chlorhexidine gluconate used was 2%, and camphorated phenol and normal saline were as control. Analysis was done using one-way ANOVA; the post hoc test was run for multiple comparisons. The level of statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results. One-way ANOVA showed significant differences among groups (0.05% NSG and CP, 0.1% NSG and CP, 0.2% NSG and CP, 0.1% NSG and 2% CHX, 0.2% and NSG and 2% CHX) (P<0.001) and also showed significant difference between groups (P<0.001), f-ratio 87.823. A post hoc Tukey’s test revealed no significant difference between chlorhexidine gluconate and 0.05% nanosilver gel (P>0.05). Conclusions. 0.1% and 0.2% nanosilver gel is more effective on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm as compared to chlorhexidine gluconate and camphorated phenol.

scholarly journals Diabetic Foot Prevention: Repeatability of the Loran Platform Plantar Pressure and Load Distribution Measurements in Nondiabetic Subjects during Bipedal Standing—A Pilot Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Martha Zequera ◽  
Leonardo Garavito ◽  
William Sandham ◽  
Juan Camilo Bernal ◽  
Ángela Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Platform System ◽  
Over Time

This study was designed to assess the repeatability of the Loran Platform and evaluate the variability of plantar pressure and postural balance, during barefoot standing in nondiabetic subjects, for future diabetic foot clinical evaluation. Measurements were taken for eight nondiabetic subjects (4 females, 4 males, aged 47±7.2 years) who had no musculoskeletal symptoms. Five variables were measured with the platform in the barefoot standing position. Ten measurements were taken using two different techniques for feet and posture positioning, during three sessions, once a week. For most measurements, no significant effect over time was found with Student'st-test (P<.000125). The ANOVA test of statistical significance confirmed that measurement differences between subjects showed higher variations than measurements taken from the same subject (P<.001). The measurements taken by the Loran Platform system were found to be repeatable.

Effect of Tribochemical Coating on Composite Repair Strength

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. E334-E342 ◽  
Author(s):  
AV Ritter ◽  
T Sulaiman ◽  
A Altitinchi ◽  
F Baratto-Filho ◽  
CC Gonzaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Universal Adhesive ◽  
Composite Repair ◽  
Diamond Bur ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nanohybrid Composite ◽  
Curing Light ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Aged Composite

Clinical Relevance Tribochemical treatment of existing composite surfaces is highly effective for composite repair. When repairing an old composite restoration, the clinician should try to use the same composite originally used for the restoration. If the information about the original restoration is not known, a composite with strong mechanical properties should be used for the repair restoration. SUMMARY This study evaluated the effect of tribochemical coating on composite-to-composite repair interfacial fracture toughness (iFT). Sixty beam-shaped specimens (21×4×3 ± 0.2 mm) were prepared with a nanofill composite (Filtek Supreme Ultra [FSU]) and a nanohybrid composite (Clearfil Majesty ES-2 [CME]) and aged for 50,000 thermocycles (5°C-55°C, 20-second dwell time) and then sectioned in half. The resulting 120 hemispecimens (60 for each composite) were randomly assigned to different repair methods (n=10): universal adhesive (Clearfil Universal Bond Quick [CUB]), sand-blasting followed by CUB, or tribochemical coating (CoJet, CoJet sand, Espe-Sil, and Visio-Bond). The repair surface was prepared with a diamond bur (Midwest #471271), rinsed, and dried. Each aged composite brand (FSU, CME) was repaired with either the same composite or the opposite composite. All adhesives and composites were light cured with a high-irradiance LED curing light (Elipar DeepCure-S). After postrepair storage in 100% humidity and at 37°C for 24 hours, iFT was measured as KIc (MPa m½). Data were analyzed for statistical significance using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey honest significant difference post hoc test (α=0.05). Regardless of the substrate composite, ANOVA showed significant differences for surface treatment (p&lt;0.0001) and repair composite (p&lt;0.0001). Mean iFT values (SD) ranged from 0.91 (0.10) MPa·m½ to 2.68 (0.12) MPa·m½. Repairs made with FSU after CoJet resulted in significantly higher iFT (FSU: 2.68 MPa·m½; CME: 2.21 MPa·m½) when compared to the other experimental groups. The repair iFT was higher with CoJet treatment and when the nanofill composite FSU was used as the repair composite.

scholarly journals Comparison of Sprint Reaction and Visual Reaction Times of Athletes in Different Branches

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Akyüz ◽  
Başar Basri Uzaldi ◽  
Öznur Akyüz ◽  
Yeliz Doğru
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Package Program ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Hoc

The aims of this study are to analyse sprint reaction and visual reaction times of female athletes of different branches competing in Professional leagues and to show the differences between them. 42 voluntary female athletes from various branches of Professional leagues of İstanbul (volleyball, basketball, handball) were included in the experiment group of this study. Lafeyetta Moart Reaction meter for visual reaction measurements and Fusionsport Pro Photocell meter for sprint reaction test measurements were used for participating athletes. Mean measurements were obtained for all tests. SPSS 22 statistical package program was used for analysing data for Windows. Kruskall Wallis, Anova and Post Hoc test was used while comparing the data between the groups. Statistical significance level was taken as p<0.05. Study results show that no statistically significant difference was observed among the mean visual reaction values of basketball, volleyball and handball players (p>0.05). A statistically significant difference was observed among the averages of sprint reaction total values of players (p<0.05). According to visual reaction measurements, handball players were better compared with the other branches (p<0.05). No relationship was observed between visual reaction and sprint reactions of players among the branches.

Perbedaan sensitivitas tetes telinga antibiotik terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa pada otitis media supuratif kronik

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Budhi Darmawan ◽  
Dwi Utami Anjarwati
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cochran Test ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is one infectious disease of the middle ear, most commonly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A high number of patients come to the ENT outpatient clinic with active benign type of CSOM. The bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa is capable of producing biofilm which protects itself from penetration of antibiotics, and therefore creates resistance towards antibiotics and difficult to eradicate. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity levels of chloramphenicol, polymyxin-neomycin, cyprofloxacin and ofloxacine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with active benign type CSOM in ENT clinic. Method: The method used was across sectional study on 25 patients, from August 2010 until December 2010. Samples were taken withear swab and then put on sensitivity test to chloramphenicol, polymyxin-neomycin, cyprofloxacin andofloxacine using the diffusion disc method. The analysis used in this study was Cochran test. Results: Results showed a significant difference in sensitivity among chloramphenicol (38,70%), polymyxinneomycin(83,87%),cyprofloxacin(90,32%)andofloxacin(58,06%)withp=0,000(p<0,05).PostHocanalysisusing the Mc Nemar indicated that there were significant differences in sensitivity betweenpolymyxin-neomycin to chloramphenicol with p=0,000 (p<0,05), ciprofloxacin to chloramphenicol andciprofloxacin to ofloxacine with p= 0,002, but there were no significant differences between cyprofloxacinto polymyxin-neomycin with p=0,687, polymyxin-neomycin to ofloxacin p=0.057 and ofloxacin tochloramphenicol p=0,109.   There were significant differences in antibiotic ear dropssensitivity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with active benign type of CSOM. Cyprofloxacin andpolymyxin-neomycin were more sensitive than ofloxacin and chloramphenicol. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, active benign type of chronic suppurative otitis media, antibioticear drops.  Abstrak :  Latar belakang: Otitis media supuratif kronik (OMSK) merupakan penyakit infeksi kronik telinga tengah yang sering dijumpai di klinik THT. Penyebab tersering OMSK adalah bakteri Pseudomonasaeruginosa. Pseudomonas aeruginosa mempunyai kemampuan untuk membentuk biofilm yangmelindunginya dari penetrasi antibiotik sehingga menimbulkan resistensi terhadap antibiotik dan sulituntuk eradikasinya. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perbandingan tingkat sensitivitas kloramfenikol,polimiksin-neomisin, ciprofloksasin dan ofloksasin terhadap isolat Pseudomonas aeruginosa padapasien OMSK benigna aktif di klinik THT RSMS. Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah crosssectional terhadap 29 pasien OMSK di klinik THT RSMS periode bulan Agustus 2010 - Desember2010. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan swab telinga. Uji sensitivitas terhadap kloramfenikol,polimiksin-neomisin, ciprofloksasin dan ofloksasin dilakukan dengan metode cakram secara difusi.Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Cochran dan analisis post hoc. Hasil: Didapatkansensitivitas kloramfenikol sebesar 38,70%, polimiksin-neomisin sebesar 83,87%, ciprofloksasin sebesar90,32% dan ofloksasin sebesar 58,06% dengan p=0,01 (P<0,05), yang menunjukkan adanya perbedaansensitivitas yang bermakna antara kloramfenikol, polimiksin-neomisin, ciprofloksasin dan ofloksasinterhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Analisis post hoc menggunakan Mc Nemar menunjukkan bahwaterdapat perbedaan sensitivitas yang bermakna antara tetes telinga polimiksin-neomisin terhadapkloramfenikol, dan ciprofloksasin terhadap kloramfenikol p=0,000 (p<0,05), serta terdapat perbedaanyang bermakna antara tetes telinga ciprofloksasin terhadap ofloksasin, p=0,002, tetapi tidak terdapatperbedaan yang bermakna antara ciprofloksasin terhadap polimiksin-neomisin, p=0,687, polimiksinneomisinterhadap ofloksasin p=0,057, dan kloramfenikol terhadap ofloksasin p=0,109. Kesimpulan:Terdapat perbedaan sensitivitas yang bermakna tetes telinga antibiotik terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa pada pasien OMSK benigna aktif. Ciprofloksasin dan polimiksin-neomisin tetes telinga mempunyai sensitivitas yang lebih baik dibanding ofloksasin dan kloramfenikol. Kata kunci: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, otitis media supuratif kronik, tetes telinga antibiotik 

Influence of moderate cigarette-smoking on the peri-implant clinicoradiographic inflammatory parameters around cement- and screw-retained dental implants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mana Alqahtani
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Implant Retention ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Soft Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Adjustment Test

The aim was to assess the influence of moderate cigarette-smoking on the clinical (bleeding on probing [BoP] and probing depth [PD]) and radiographic (crestal bone resorption [CBR]) around cement- and screw-retained dental implants at 5 years’ follow-up. A questionnaire was used to collect information about age, gender, smoking history, duration of implants in function, jaw location of the implant, and daily toothbrushing and flossing. Peri-implant BoP, PD and CBR were measured in all groups. Group comparisons were performed using one-way analysis of variance and for multiple comparisons, the Bonferroni Post hoc adjustment test was performed. Level of significance was set at P&lt;0.05. Forty-eight patients (25 smokers and 23 non-smokers) had cement-retained dental implants; and 48 (24 smokers and 24 non-smokers) had screw-retained dental implants. Among patients with cement and screw-retained dental implants, PD (P&lt;0.05) and CBR (P&lt;0.05) were significantly higher among smokers than non-smokers. The peri-implant sites that demonstrated BoP were statistically significantly higher among non-smokers (P&lt;0.05) than smokers among patients with cement- and screw-retained dental implants. There was no statistically significant difference in peri-implant PD and CBR among smokers with cement- and screw-retained dental implants. Among non-smokers with cement and screw-retained dental implants, there was no statistically significant difference in BoP, PD and CBR. Cigarette-smoking is associated with an increased PD and CBR around cement- and screw-retained dental implants. Cigarette-smoking increases peri-implant soft tissue inflammation as well as loss of crestal bone and this relationship is independent of the type of implant retention protocol used.The author recommends that cement- and screw-retained dental implants are suitable for prosthesis restoration in non-smokers. Further studies on dual-smokers (individuals smoking cigarettes and other forms of tobacco products) are needed related to the clinicoradiographic inflammatory parameters around cement- and screw-retained dental implants

Comparative study of Clinical Characteristics in Patients with Mild and Severe Reflux Esophagitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Melania Macarie ◽  
Simona Maria Bataga ◽  
Monica Pantea ◽  
Razvan Opaschi ◽  
Simona Mocan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Hiatal Hernia ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Erosive Esophagitis ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractObjective: This study aims to determine the correlation between risk factors and erosive esophagitis development.Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study on a consecutive series of 19.672 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between 01.01.2011-31.12.2017. A total of 3005 patients, diagnosed with erosive esophagitis, were included in the present study and stratified according to Los Angeles classification.Results: During the studied period we found 3005 patients with erosive esophagitis, sex ratio male to female was 1.3/1, the most common forms of esophagitis being grade A and B: 74.54% patients with esophagitis grade A, 14.80% patients with grade B; 5.29% patients were with grade C and 5.35% patients with esophagitis grade D. In severe esophagitis the male predominance was more prevalent (249 males, 71 female), with a sex ratio 3.50/1. The correlation of male gender with severe esophagitis was highly statistically significant (p < 0.0001, OR 2.97; 95% CI 2.25-3.91). Hiatal hernia was diagnosed in 1171 patients, the presence of large hiatal hernias, being an important predictor, with statistical significance (p < 0.0001, OR 3.41; 95% CI 2.22-5.21), for severe esophagitis development. Incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection was 11.51%, in the entire study group, with no statistical significant difference between patients with mild or severe esophagitis (12.02% vs 7.18%).Conclusion: Erosive esophagitis is a frequent disease, the most common forms being grade A and B. Male gender and the presence of hiatal hernia are the most important risk factors for erosive esophagitis development, in our study group.

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