scholarly journals Trends of Dengue Disease Epidemiology

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1178122X1769583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cucunawangsih ◽  
Nata Pratama Hardjo Lugito
Keyword(s):  
Local Variation ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Efficient Vector ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Vector Control System ◽  
Health Burdens ◽  
New Strategies

Dengue disease is an emerging mosquito-borne viral infection transmitted between humans by Aedes spp. that are distributed mainly in the tropical and subtropical region along with chikungunya and zika diseases. The distribution of dengue disease is influenced by local variation, such as geography, rainfall, temperature, and rapid urbanization or migration. The epidemy of mosquito-borne infection significantly led to increased number of cases and hyperendemicity which induce a more severe form of dengue accompanied by cocirculation of chikungunya and zika. The rapid global spreading of dengue disease created public health burdens that are presently unfulfilled by the absence of specific therapy, simple diagnosis tool for the early phase, and effective and efficient vector control system. This review highlights the current situation of dengue distribution, epidemiology, and new strategies for early dengue diagnosis and risk prediction of severity that can be used to improve oversight and alleviate the heavy burden of the disease.

scholarly journals Does urbanization make emergence of zoonosis more likely? Evidence, myths and gaps

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohel Ahmed ◽  
Julio D Dávila ◽  
Adriana Allen ◽  
Mordechai (MUKI) Haklay ◽  
Cecilia Tacoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Global South ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Structural Drivers ◽  
Health Burdens ◽  
Demographic Growth ◽  
Global Health Challenge

Rapid urbanization in the global South is adding epidemiological and nutritional challenges and increasing disease and health burdens for citizens. Greater movement of people, animals, food and trade often provides favourable grounds for the emergence of infectious diseases, including zoonoses. We conduct a rapid evidence scan to explore what is known and hypothesized about the links between urbanization and zoonosis emergence. This points to rapid demographic growth, migration and density, increased movement of people and animals, and changes in land uses as the main processes linked to the prevalence of zoonosis in the urban global South. We argue that this emerging global health challenge is also deeply connected with the urbanization of poverty and inequalities within cities. Tackling the micro-level causal relationships between urbanization and zoonosis requires urgent attention to living conditions, as well as the wider socioenvironmental transitions and structural drivers that produce and reproduce risk accumulation in urban settings.

scholarly journals Experiences of Living with Severe Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Victoria Strassheim ◽  
Julia L. Newton ◽  
Tracy Collins
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Diagnosis By Exclusion ◽  
Health Burdens

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is a rare disease with no known etiology. It affects 0.4% of the population, 25% of which experience the severe and very severe categories; these are defined as being wheelchair-, house-, and bed-bound. Currently, the absence of biomarkers necessitates a diagnosis by exclusion, which can create stigma around the illness. Very little research has been conducted with the partly defined severe and very severe categories of CFS/ME. This is in part because the significant health burdens experienced by these people create difficulties engaging in research and healthcare provision as it is currently delivered. This qualitative study explores the experiences of five individuals living with CFS/ME in its most severe form through semi-structured interviews. A six-phase themed analysis was performed using interview transcripts, which included identifying, analysing, and reporting patterns amongst the interviews. Inductive analysis was performed, coding the data without trying to fit it into a pre-existing framework or pre-conception, allowing the personal experiences of the five individuals to be expressed freely. Overarching themes of ‘Lived Experience’, ‘Challenges to daily life’, and ‘Management of the condition’ were identified. These themes highlight factors that place people at greater risk of experiencing the more severe presentation of CFS/ME. It is hoped that these insights will allow research and clinical communities to engage more effectively with the severely affected CFS/ME population.

scholarly journals BASIC DIMENSIONS OF COMPETITIVENESS OF CITIES

2017 ◽  
pp. 425-435
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The World ◽  
The City ◽  
New Strategies

Cities have been the engines of productivity and growth throughout history, and will be essential to the future growth and competitiveness of nations and regions. This is especially true at a time of massive and rapid urbanization in emerging markets; hence, the focus on the competitiveness of cities. Six global “megatrends” especially relevant to cities are identified: urbanization, demographics and the emerging middle class; rising inequality; sustainability; technological change; industrial clusters and global value chains; and governance. Led by urbanization, they condition the greater operating environment for cities around the world. It is up to cities to take advantage of these megatrends, as well as to mitigate negative forces such as rising inequality, pressure on natural resources and the environment, and a diminution of trust in public authorities. City competitiveness is defined here as the set of factors – policies, institutions, strategies and processes – that determines the level of a city’s sustainable productivity. Sustainability encompasses economic, environmental and social issues. Productivity is about the efficient use of available resources that drives economic growth. But productivity has to be sustainable – maintained beyond the short term, and in a way that reconciles economic, environmental and social goals. A four-part taxonomy of city competitiveness was developed, including institutions, policies and regulation of the business environment, “hard connectivity”, and “soft connectivity”. The objectives of this work are to encourage city leaders, policy-makers at local, regional, national and international levels, and academic and other experts to focus on competitiveness at the city level; and, to encourage a rich global dialogue on this issue and shine a light on creative and path-breaking initiatives that address the multiplicity of challenges facing today’s cities. The time is opportune for a much stronger focus on the competitiveness of cities. The aim is for the analytical framework and global survey of cities herein to be of use to city leaders and others who wish to contribute to city competitiveness. The cities reviewed are so different, yet many of their successes, failures and challenges have things in common. It is hoped that readers will take this report not as the final word, but as a point of departure to create new strategies and policies relevant to the realities and complexities of cities around the world.

scholarly journals Distinct Dengue Disease Epidemiology, Clinical, and Diagnosis Features in Western, Central, and Eastern Regions of Indonesia, 2017–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Tedjo Sasmono ◽  
Marsha S. Santoso ◽  
Yanuarni W. B. Pamai ◽  
Benediktus Yohan ◽  
Anna M. Afida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Denv Serotypes ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Eastern Indonesia ◽  
Study Sites

The people of Indonesia have been afflicted by dengue, a mosquito-borne viral disease, for over 5 decades. The country is the world's largest archipelago with diverse geographic, climatic, and demographic conditions that may impact the dynamics of disease transmissions. A dengue epidemiology study was launched by us to compare and understand the dynamics of dengue and other arboviral diseases in three cities representing western, central, and eastern Indonesia, namely, Batam, Banjarmasin, and Ambon, respectively. A total of 732 febrile patients were recruited with dengue-like illness during September 2017–2019 and an analysis of their demographic, clinical, and virological features was performed. The seasonal patterns of dengue-like illness were found to be different in the three regions. Among all patients, 271 (37.0%) were virologically confirmed dengue, while 152 (20.8%) patients were diagnosed with probable dengue, giving a total number of 423 (57.8%) dengue patients. Patients' age and clinical manifestations also differed between cities. Mostly, mild dengue fever was observed in Batam, while more severe cases were prominent in Ambon. While all dengue virus (DENV) serotypes were detected, distinct serotypes dominated in different locations: DENV-1 in Batam and Ambon, and DENV-3 in Banjarmasin. We also assessed the diagnostic features in the study sites, which revealed different patterns of diagnostic agreements, particularly in Ambon. To detect the possibility of infection with other arboviruses, further testing on 461 DENV RT-PCR-negative samples was performed using pan-flavivirus and -alphavirus RT-PCRs; however, only one chikungunya infection was detected in Ambon. A diverse dengue epidemiology in western, central, and eastern Indonesia was observed, which is likely to be influenced by local geographic, climatic, and demographic conditions, as well as differences in the quality of healthcare providers and facilities. Our study adds a new understanding on dengue epidemiology in Indonesia.

scholarly journals A Population of CD4+CD8+ Double-Positive T Cells Associated with Risk of Plasma Leakage in Dengue Viral Infection

Viruses ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Esther Dawen Yu ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Ricardo da Silva Antunes ◽  
Yuan Tian ◽  
Rashmi Tippalagama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Double Positive ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Similar Expression Profile ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Plasma Leakage

According to the WHO 2009 classification, dengue with warning signs is at the risk of developing severe form of dengue disease. One of the most important warning signs is plasma leakage, which can be a serious complication associated with higher morbidity and mortality. We report that the frequency of CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells is significantly increased in patients at risk of developing plasma leakage. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that CD4+CD8+ DP cells were distinct from CD4+ Single Positive (SP) T cells but co-clustered with CD8+ SP cells, indicating a largely similar transcriptional profile. Twenty significant differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified between CD4+CD8+ DP and CD8+ SP cells. These genes encode OX40 and CCR4 proteins as well as other molecules associated with cell signaling on the cell surface (NT5E, MXRA8, and PTPRK). While comparing the profile of gene expression in CD4+CD8+ DP cells from patients with and without warning signs of plasma leakage, similar expression profile was observed, implying a role of CD4+CD8+ DP cells in plasma leakage through a quantitative increase rather than functional alteration. This study provided novel insight into the host immune response during the acute febrile phase of DENV infection and the role of CD4+CD8+ DP T cells in the pathogenesis of plasma leakage.

scholarly journals Seipin Deficiency as a Model of Severe Adipocyte Dysfunction: Lessons from Rodent Models and Teaching for Human Disease

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 740
Author(s):  
Jocelyne Magré ◽  
Xavier Prieur
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Adipose Tissue Expandability ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Specific Deletion

Obesity prevalence is increasing worldwide, leading to cardiometabolic morbidities. Adipocyte dysfunction, impairing white adipose tissue (WAT) expandability and metabolic flexibility, is central in the development of obesity-related metabolic complications. Rare syndromes of lipodystrophy characterized by an extreme paucity of functional adipose tissue should be considered as primary adipocyte dysfunction diseases. Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL) is the most severe form with a near absence of WAT associated with cardiometabolic complications such as insulin resistance, liver steatosis, dyslipidemia, and cardiomyopathy. Twenty years ago, mutations in the BSCL2 gene have been identified as the cause of BSCL in human. BSCL2 encodes seipin, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) anchored protein whose function was unknown back then. Studies of seipin knockout mice or rats demonstrated how seipin deficiency leads to severe lipodystrophy and to cardiometabolic complications. At the cellular levels, seipin is organized in multimers that are particularly enriched at ER/lipid droplet and ER/mitochondria contact sites. Seipin deficiency impairs both adipocyte differentiation and mature adipocyte maintenance. Experiments using adipose tissue transplantation in seipin knockout mice and tissue-specific deletion of seipin have provided a large body of evidence that liver steatosis, cardiomyopathy, and renal injury, classical diabetic complications, are all consequences of lipodystrophy. Rare adipocyte dysfunctions such as in BSCL are the key paradigm to unravel the pathways that control adipocyte homeostasis. The knowledge gathered through the study of these pathologies may bring new strategies to maintain and improve adipose tissue expandability.

CDC Pushing New Strategies for Flu Vaccination

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
HEIDI SPLETE
Keyword(s):  
Flu Vaccination ◽  
New Strategies
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