scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Lower Reproductive Tract Infections in Symptomatic Women in Dakar, Senegal

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117863371985182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Diadhiou ◽  
Awa Ba Diallo ◽  
Mamadou Saidou Barry ◽  
Serge Covi Alavo ◽  
Ibrahima Mall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Genital Infection ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Lower reproductive tract infections in women are important causes of morbidity but can also lead to complications and sequelae. This study aimed to establish the prevalence and risk factors of lower genital tract infections among women of reproductive age in Dakar (Senegal). Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in 6 maternity hospitals from July to November 2015. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 49 years and presented at health facilities with signs and symptoms of genital infection. Consenting individuals who met the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study. Results: During the reporting period, 276 patients were enrolled. According to the laboratory results, the prevalence of any genital infection was 69.6% (192 of 276). The most common vaginal infections were bacterial vaginosis (39.5%) and vaginal candidiasis (29%), with the third most common cause, trichomoniasis, trailing behind in terms of prevalence (2.5%). Among the microorganisms responsible for cervical infections, Ureaplasma urealyticum was the most frequent (27.5%), followed by Mycoplasma hominis (14.5%), Chlamydia trachomatis (4.7%), and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1.1%). Multivariate analysis showed that young women and women with low levels of education were at increased risk for vaginal/cervical infections. Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and vaginal candidiasis and suggests that health care providers should increase awareness and communication to improve vaginal hygiene practices. If infection with Trichomonas vaginalis, C trachomatis or N gonorrhoeae is suspected, we also recommend systematically performing laboratory diagnostic confirmation.

scholarly journals Identifying Risk Factors for Lower Reproductive Tract Infections among Women Using Reusable Absorbents in Odisha, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4778
Author(s):  
Padmalaya Das ◽  
Danielle Lisnek ◽  
Krushna Chandra Sahoo ◽  
Shalini Sinha ◽  
JyotiRanjan Mohanty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Study Laboratory

A large proportion of women in Odisha, India, use reusable absorbents to manage their menstruation. Yet, the risk factors for lower reproductive tract infections (RTIs) related to menstrual hygiene management (MHM) have not been studied among reusable absorbent users. Women of reproductive age attending one of two hospitals from two different cities in Odisha during two separate study intervals were recruited for the study. Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) were conducted. A questionnaire was used to collect information on MHM practices, water, sanitation, and socio-demographic factors. Among the 509 women who used reusable absorbents, 71.7% were diagnosed with at least one infection. After adjusting for confounders, women with BV were more likely to identify as being a housewife (aOR: 1.8 (1.1–2.9)). Frequent absorbent changing was protective against BV (aOR: 0.5 (0.3–0.8)), whereas frequent body washing increased the odds of BV (aOR: 1.5 (1.0–2.2)). Women with VVC were more likely to be older (aOR: 1.6 (1.0–2.5)), live below the poverty line (aOR: 1.5 (1.1–2.2)), have a non-private household latrine (aOR: 2.2 (1.3–4.0)), dry their absorbents inside the house (aOR: 3.7 (2.5–4.5)), and store absorbents in the latrine area (aOR: 2.0 (1.3–2.9)). Washing absorbents outside the house was protective against VVC (aOR: 0.7 (0.4–1.0)). This study highlights the importance of improving MHM practices among reusable absorbent users to prevent lower RTIs among women reusing menstrual materials in Odisha.

scholarly journals Reproductive tract infections among women attending gynaecology outpatient department

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
MS Bohara ◽  
AB Joshi ◽  
B Lekhak ◽  
G Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Married Women ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Tract Infections

BACKGROUND: Women often suffer silently with reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and sexually active young women are particularly susceptible to sexually transmitted Infections (STIs). The study aimed to know the prevalence of reproductive tract infections among married women attending Gynecological Outpatients Department of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Kathmandu, Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hospital based crosssectional design was used to investigate RTIs among women attending outpatients department of Gynae and Obstetrics, TUTH from July to November, 2006. A total of 208 samples from 104 women were examined microscopically and culture using standard microbial technique to investigate etiological agents of RTIs. Study samples were selected and examined on the basis of either having discharge or complaints of lower abdominal pain. RESULTS: A total of 208 samples collected from 104 patients were examined and 26% samples were positive for different causative agents of RTIs. Thirty percent of women reported having symptoms related to RTIs and was common in young married women. Nineteen percent had STIs. Thirteen percent had trichomonasis and 7% had gonorrhoea identified in Gram stained smears and cultures. Many women had endogenous RTIs. Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed in 15% and vaginal candidiasis in 25% of women. CONCLUSIONS: Young married women have a high prevalence of RTIs. Education and outreach programs are needed to reduce embarrassment and lack of knowledge related to RTIs. The low socio?economic status of women appears to have influence on high rate of infections. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i1.6940Int J Infect Microbiol 2012;1(1):29-33

Prevalence and risk factors of reproductive tract infections among a defined population of Iranian women

Sexual Health ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmeh Maharlouei ◽  
Esmat Barooti ◽  
Farkhondeh Sharif ◽  
Hamed Hosseini ◽  
Kamran B. Lankarani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iranian Women ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Tract Infections

Background Reproductive tract infections are among the most prevalent gynaecological health concerns. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of reproductive tract infections among a defined population of Iranian women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in Shiraz, Southern Iran, from 2007 to 2009. The study subjects were 28 484 vulnerable household women who were covered by the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation insurance scheme. All the participants underwent vaginal speculum examinations and swab sampling. Vaginal discharge was collected for Gram staining, potassium hydroxide mount, wet mount and in a transport medium for culture and sensitivity testing. The frequency of reproductive tract infections and their risk factors were determined. Results: The mean age of the 28 484 women who participated in the study was 48.7 ± 10.1 (range: 13–104) years. According to the results, 13 472 (47.3%) subjects had reproductive tract infections. Moreover, vulvovaginal candidiasis was the most common infection in our population, accounting for 4718 subjects (16.6%), followed by trichomoniasis (11.2%) and bacterial vaginosis (10.6%). Furthermore, the number of pregnancies, being married and low educational levels (illiterate and under diploma level) were the risk factors for these infections, whereas the use of oral contraceptives and being employed were the protective factors. Conclusion: Almost half of the vulnerable Iranian women suffer from reproductive tract infections, with candidiasis and trichomoniasis being the most prevalent types. Based on the high prevalence of these infections, appropriate and precise screening programs should be taken into consideration for this specific population.

scholarly journals Reproductive tract infections associated with vaginal discharge and their socio-demographic and reproductive determinants among clinic attendees in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Saifur Rahman ◽  
Marian J Currie ◽  
Robert F Breiman ◽  
Masud Reza ◽  
Motiur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Tract Infections

Abnormal vaginal discharge is frequently associated with common sexually and non-sexually transmitted reproduc-tive tract infections (RTIs) and the resultant poor reproductive health outcomes. However, there is scarce informa-tion concerning the prevalence and etiologies of these infections in women in Bangladesh. The aim of study was to determine the rates of, and socio-demographic and reproductive characteristics associated with, common RTIs in urban public health clinics in Dhaka, Bangladesh. An urban clinic-based sample of 1309 currently married women of reproductive age presenting with abnormal vaginal discharge was recruited. Consenting women were interviewed and tested for Candida, bacterial vaginosis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia tra-chomatis during a speculum examination. Approximately 53% (673/1309) of the participants had laboratory evi-dence of RTIs. The prevalence of Candida, bacterial vaginosis, T. vaginalis, N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis were 32.4%, 22.4%, 3.1%, 2.1 %, 1.9% respectively. Age, education, living in a slum, working outside the home, polygamous marriage and suspecting infidelity were independently associated with vaginal and cervical infections. Candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis were the most common infections in this population. Paying attention to the socio-demographic and reproductive characteristics found to be associated with RTIs can assist clinicians in identi-fying women at risk of these infections. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i2.15958 South East Asia J Public Health | Jul-Dec 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 2 | 67-72

scholarly journals Gardnerella vaginalis and Prevotella bivia Trigger Distinct and Overlapping Phenotypes in a Mouse Model of Bacterial Vaginosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (7) ◽  
pp. 1099-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M Gilbert ◽  
Warren G Lewis ◽  
Guocai Li ◽  
Dorothy K Sojka ◽  
Jean Bernard Lubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Sialidase Activity ◽  
Ascending Infection ◽  
Prevotella Bivia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractBackgroundBacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common imbalance of the vaginal microbiota characterized by overgrowth of diverse Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Gram-negative anaerobes. Women with BV are at increased risk of secondary reproductive tract infections and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, which specific bacteria cause clinical features of BV is unclear.MethodsWe previously demonstrated that Gardnerella vaginalis could elicit many BV features in mice. In this study, we established a BV model in which we coinfected mice with G. vaginalis and another species commonly found in women with BV: Prevotella bivia.ResultsThis coinfection model recapitulates several aspects of human BV, including vaginal sialidase activity (a diagnostic BV feature independently associated with adverse outcomes), epithelial exfoliation, and ascending infection. It is notable that G. vaginalis facilitated uterine infection by P. bivia.ConclusionsTaken together, our model provides a framework for advancing our understanding of the role of individual or combinations of BV-associated bacteria in BV pathogenesis.

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