Tribological assessment of vegetable oil based CeO2/CuO hybrid nano-lubricant

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (12) ◽  
pp. 1940-1956
Author(s):  
Ayamannil Sajeeb ◽  
Perikinalil K Rajendrakumar
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Lubrication Performance ◽  
Nano Lubricant ◽  
Worn Surface

Vegetable oil based lubricants attract much attention nowadays due to their excellent boundary lubrication performance and biodegradability. Coconut oil is a vegetable oil with excellent lubricating properties which provides low friction coefficient and better oxidation stability. The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of coconut oil based new hybrid CeO2/CuO nano-lubricant with various ratios of CeO2/CuO viz. 25/75, 50/50, and 75/25 at different concentrations (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 wt%). The rheological, thermal, thermo-gravimetric, and tribological evaluations were conducted for hybrid nano-lubricants and the results were compared with those of base oil (coconut oil) and nano-lubricants containing CeO2 and CuO nano-particles individually. A reduction of 15.7% in average friction coefficient and 23.4% in wear scar diameter was observed with the use of 0.25 wt% CeO2/CuO: 50/50 hybrid. Oil degradation studies and worn surface analyses after engine test were also done. The results showed that the surface enhancement is evidenced with the use of hybrid nano-lubricant.

scholarly journals Nano Serpentine Powders as Lubricant Additive: Tribological Behaviors and Self-Repairing Performance on Worn Surface

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binbin Wang ◽  
Zhaodong Zhong ◽  
Han Qiu ◽  
Dexin Chen ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Lubricant Additive ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Steel Balls ◽  
Worn Surface ◽  
Friction And Wear Characteristics

Natural serpentine powders are applicable as additives for various lubricating oils. However, no uniform theories explain their tribological performance, lubrication, and wear mechanism, especially their self-repairing mechanism. Herein, the influence of different nano serpentine powders (NSPs) contents in liquid paraffin on the friction and wear characteristics of steel balls and the self-repairing process of NSPs on the worn surface were studied. Results show that the optimal amount of NSPs was 0.5 wt %. Relative to those of the base oil, the friction coefficients and wear spot diameters were reduced by 22.8% and 34.2%, respectively. Moreover, the long-term tribological test shows that the wear scar diameter decreased slightly after 3 h, reaching the state of dynamic balance between wear and repair. The outstanding tribological performance should be attributed to the formed bilayer tribofilm, the first layer of which contains nanoparticles surrounded by lubricants and the second layer of which contains nanoparticles compacted onto the surface of the steel ball.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PALM KERNEL OIL-COPPER OXIDE NANOLUBRICANT

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (7-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afifah, A. N. ◽  
Syahrullail, S. ◽  
Amirrul Amin M. ◽  
Faizal, H. M.
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Extreme Pressure ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Load Carrying

Since the last decade, vegetable oil has received tremendous attention as an alternative lubricant because of worsening state of environmental health and finite resources of mineral oil. However, the use of vegetable oil is restricted due to the poor low temperature fluidity and thermal-oxidative stability. These drawbacks can be enhanced by adding additive into the solution of vegetable oil. Thus, objective of this research is to investigate the influence of adding nanoparticle additive on tribological performance of palm kernel oil. The type of nanoparticle used throughout this study is copper oxide, which serves as anti-wear additive. Palm kernel oil (PKO), palm kernel oil-copper oxide nanoparticle (PKO-CuO), mineral oil (SAE-40), synthetic oil (SAE15W-50) are used as lubricant. Tribological properties if the used lubricants are evaluated using fourball tribotester under standard load and extreme pressure tests. Experimental results showed that the presence of nanoparticles in natural palm kernel oil improved tribological performances of friction and wear. The friction coefficient and wear scar diameter are reduced by approximately 5.0% and 3.5% respectively. The highest enhancement in friction coefficient value of ~20% was obtained under extreme pressure condition. Addition of nanoparticle also is found to improve load carrying capacity of PKO by 15%. 

Frictional Performance of an Ionic Liquid/Graphene Composite Additive in Lubricating Oil

NANO ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2150111
Author(s):  
Shengli You ◽  
Ming Zhou ◽  
Mingyue Wang ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Long Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Friction Pair ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Steel Ball ◽  
Wear Scar ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Frictional Performance

In this study, we used a four-ball friction and wear testing machine to test the tribological properties of [HPy]BF4 ionic liquids (ILs), low-layer graphene (G), and IL and G compounds (IL/G) as lubricant additives at variousconcentrations, loads, and speeds. The morphology of the wear scar was characterized by a white-light interferometer and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the optimal concentrations of IL and G were 0.10[Formula: see text]wt.% and 0.05[Formula: see text]wt.%, respectively. When the IL concentration was 0.10[Formula: see text]wt.%, the friction coefficient and the wear scar diameter (WSD) reduced by approximately 18% and 8%, respectively, compared to the base oil. When the concentration of G was 0.05[Formula: see text]wt.%, the friction coefficient and WSD reduced by approximately 23% and 12%, respectively, compared to the base oil. After adding the optimal concentration of the IL/G composite additive under the same test conditions, the average friction coefficient of the steel ball reduced by approximately 30%, and the average WSD reduced by approximately 18%. IL/G nanoadditives could be easily attached to the pit area on the friction surface of the steel ball, which made the contact surface of the friction pair smoother and the area of the oil film bearing the load larger, compared to those using the base oil. These two combined phenomena promoted synergistic antifriction and antiwear effects, which significantly improved the frictional performance of the base oil.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF LUBRICANT TEMPERATURE ON THE DYNAMIC AND STABILITY BEHAVIOR OF NANO-LUBRICATED JOURNAL BEARING

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-59
Author(s):  
Basim A Abass ◽  
Zainab S Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Reynolds Equation ◽  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Dynamic Coefficients ◽  
Nano Lubricant ◽  
Bearing Stiffness ◽  
Stiffness And Damping

The effects of lubricant temperature on the dynamic behaviour of Nano-lubricated finite length journal bearings has been investigated in the present work. Modified time dependent Reynolds equation include the effect of oil film temperature was perturbed in order to calculate the eight dynamic coefficients (four stiffness, and four damping) required to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of the journal bearing, the oil film temperature was obtained by solving numerically the energy and heat conduction equations simultaneously with the Reynolds equation using appropriate boundary conditions. Suitable viscosity temperature model has been used to consider the effect of oil film temperature. The bearing lubricated with oil containing Titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanoparticles dispersed in to the base oil with various particle concentration. The effect of adding TiO2 Nano-particles with various particle concentrations (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) in order to enhance its viscosity has been discussed. A validation to the mathematical model and the computer program written in Fortran90 prepared to solving the governing equation has been carried out by comparing the result for the dynamic coefficients (stiffness and damping) obtained in the present work with that obtained by Sheeja and Prabhu . The results seen to be in a good agreement with percentage of error less than 2%. The results obtained in the present study show that the bearing stiffness coefficients increases by 30% while the damping coefficients increased by 27% when the bearing lubricated with Nano lubricant that contains TiO2 Nano particles with particle concentration of (1.5%).

scholarly journals Lubrication Performance of α-Zirconium Phosphates as an Anti-Wear Additive in Vegetable Oil-Based Anhydrous Calcium Grease

Lubricants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingjing Dai ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Jinxiang Dong
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Wear Property ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Zirconium Phosphates ◽  
Lubrication Performance ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Wear Friction ◽  
Better Than

Vegetable oil has significant potential as a base oil, and substitute for mineral oil in grease formulation due to its biodegradability, low toxicity and excellent lubrication. This paper studied the development of vegetable oil-based greases with α-Zr(HPO4)2·H2O (α-ZrP) as an additive, exploring base oil influence in tribological behavior. The results demonstrated that the addition of α-ZrP in vegetable-based greases is beneficial to anti-wear property. α-ZrP particles exhibit good performance in anti-wear, friction-reduction and load-carrying capacity, and its tribological performances are better than the normally used molybdenum disulfide and graphite additives. Owing to its superior tribological properties as a vegetable oil-based grease additive, α-ZrP holds great potential for use in environmentally friendly applications in the future.

E FFECT OF LUBRICANTS CONTAINING DIFFERENT NANO-PARTICLES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WORN JOURNAL BEARINGS

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Basim A Abbas ◽  
Nadhim F Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Wear Depth ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nano Lubricant ◽  
Isothermal Analysis ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Good Agreement

The present work deals with the isothermal analysis of worn journal bearing lubricated withNano-lubricants. The bearing wear affect the oil film thickness and causes a decrease in loadcarrying capacity of the journal bearing. On the other hand, many works show that theaddition of Nano- particles to the oil enhances its viscosity. The main goal of the presentwork is to investigate the ability of the Nano-lubricant to correct the wear effect on theperformance of such bearings. The modified Reynolds equation was solved using finitedifference technique to obtain the pressure distribution in the clearance gap of the wornjournal bearing. Dufran's model was used to include the effect of wear on the thickness ofthe oil film. The effect of adding three different types of Nano-particles namely, Dimond,CuO and TiO2 to the base oil has been investigated. Bearing static characteristics in terms ofload capacity, friction force, end leakage and power loss for different eccentricity ratioshave been investigated. The mathematical model has been validated for the pressure resultsobtained in the present work with that obtained by other workers and the results found to bein a good agreement. The results obtained in the present work show that the load carryingcapacity enhances by about40%, 9% and 3% for the bearing with wear depth parameter of0.4, eccentricity ratio of 0.7 lubricated with oil containing TiO2, CuO and Dimond Nanoparticlesrespectively in comparison with pure oil lubricated bearing.

scholarly journals Comparison between multi-walled carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide nanoparticles as additives on performance of turbine meter oil nano lubricant

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Pourpasha ◽  
Saeed Zeinali Heris ◽  
Yaghob Mohammadfam
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Wear Depth ◽  
Nano Lubricant ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

AbstractThis research aims of compare the impact of the mass fraction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano additive on the tribological and thermophysical attributes of turbine meter oil. These attributes include the average friction coefficient, pressure drop, wear, flash point, pour point, relative viscosity, kinematics viscosity, and viscosity index. The pressure drops and the average friction coefficient inside the copper tube were simulated and compared with experimental results. In this study, for the synthesis of nano lubricants from turbine meter oil as a pure fluid and from MWCNTs and TiO2 as nano additives in the mass fraction of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 wt.% and from oleic acid and Triton x100 as surfactants were utilized. The results illustrated that the wear depth of copper pins in the presence of nano lubricant with 0.4 wt.% of MWCNTs and 0.1 wt.% TiO2 was improved by 88.26% and 71.43%, respectively. Increasing 0.3 wt.% of TiO2 and MWCNTs into the oil caused to improvement in viscosity index. The simulation data and experimental data for the pressure drop were closer together and indicated a minor error that the maximum error is less than 10%.

scholarly journals Boundary Friction of ZDDP Tribofilms

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Mao Ueda ◽  
Sophie Campen ◽  
Hugh Spikes
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Group Structure ◽  
Boundary Friction ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Characteristic Boundary ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Structure Boundary ◽  
Alkoxy Groups ◽  
20 Nm

AbstractThe frictional properties of ZDDP tribofilms at low entrainment speeds in boundary lubrication conditions have been studied in both rolling/sliding and pure sliding contacts. It has been found that the boundary friction coefficients of these tribofilms depend on the alkyl structure of the ZDDPs. For primary ZDDPs, those with linear alkyl chains give lower friction those with branched alkyl chain ZDDPs, and a cyclohexylmethyl-based ZDDP gives markedly higher friction than non-cyclic ones. Depending on alkyl structure, boundary friction coefficient in rolling-sliding conditions can range from 0.09 to 0.14. These differences persist over long duration tests lasting up to 120 h. For secondary ZDDPs, boundary friction appears to depend less strongly on alkyl structure and in rolling-sliding conditions stabilises at ca 0.115 for the three ZDDPs studied. Experiments in which the ZDDP-containing lubricant is changed after tribofilm formation by a different ZDDP solution or a base oil indicate that the characteristic friction of the initial ZDDP tribofilm is lost almost as soon as rubbing commences in the new lubricant. The boundary friction rapidly stabilises at the characteristic boundary friction of the replacement ZDDP, or in the case of base oil, a value of ca 0.115 which is believed to represent the shear strength of the bare polyphosphate surface. The single exception is when a solution containing a cyclohexylethyl-based ZDDP is replaced by base oil, where the boundary friction coefficient remains at the high value characteristic of this ZDDP despite the fact that rubbing in base oil removes about 20 nm of the tribofilm. XPS analysis of the residual tribofilm reveals that this originates from presence of a considerable proportion of C-O bonds at the exposed tribofilm surface, indicating that not all of the alkoxy groups are lost from the polyphosphate during tribofilm formation. Very slow speed rubbing tests at low temperature show that the ZDDP solutions give boundary friction values that vary with alkyl group structure in a similar fashion to rolling-sliding MTM tests. These variations in friction occur immediately on rubbing, before any measurable tribofilm can develop. This study suggest that ZDDPs control boundary friction by adsorbing on rubbing steel or tribofilm surfaces in a fashion similar to organic friction modifiers. However it is believed that, for primary ZDDPs, residual alkoxy groups still chemically bonded to the phosphorus atoms of newly-formed polyphosphate/phosphate tribofilm may also contribute to boundary friction. This understanding will contribute to the design of low friction, fuel efficient crankcase engine oils. Graphical Abstract

Experimental Research on Tribological Properties of Mn0.78Zn0.22Fe2O4 Magnetic Fluids

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Li-jun ◽  
Guo Chu-wen ◽  
Ryuichiro Yamane
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Turbine Oil ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The synthesis and application of nanometer-sized particles have received considerable attention in recent years because of their different physical and chemical properties from those of the bulk materials or individual molecules; however, few experimental investigations on the tribological properties of lubricating oils with and without nanoferromagnetic particles have been performed. This work investigates the tribological properties of Mn0.78Zn0.22Fe2O4 nanoferromagnetic as additive in 46# turbine oil using a four-ball friction and wear tester. It is shown that the 46# turbine oil containing Mn0.78Zn0.22Fe2O4 nanoparticles has much better friction reduction and antiwear abilities than the base oil. The 46# turbine oil doped with 6wt%Mn0.78Zn0.22Fe2O4 nanoparticles show the best tribological properties among the tested oil samples, and PB value is increased by 26%, and the decreasing percentage of wear scar diameter is 25.45% compared to base oil.

A Mixed-TEHL Analysis of Cam-Roller Contacts Considering Roller Slip: On the Influence of Roller-Pin Contact Friction

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivam S. Alakhramsing ◽  
Matthijn B. de Rooij ◽  
Aydar Akchurin ◽  
Dirk J. Schipper ◽  
Mark van Drogen
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Mixed Lubrication ◽  
Contact Friction ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Pure Rolling ◽  
Lubrication Performance ◽  
Cam Follower ◽  
Film Lubrication

In this work, a mixed lubrication model, applicable to cam-roller contacts, is presented. The model takes into account non-Newtonian, thermal effects, and variable roller angular velocity. Mixed lubrication is analyzed using the load sharing concept, using measured surface roughness. Using the model, a quasi-static analysis for a heavily loaded cam-roller follower contact is carried out. The results show that when the lubrication conditions in the roller-pin contact are satisfactory, i.e., low friction levels, then the nearly “pure rolling” condition at the cam-roller contact is maintained and lubrication performance is also satisfactory. Moreover, non-Newtonian and thermal effects are then negligible. Furthermore, the influence of roller-pin friction coefficient on the overall tribological behavior of the cam-roller contact is investigated. In this part, a parametric study is carried out in which the friction coefficient in the roller-pin contact is varied from values corresponding to full film lubrication to values corresponding to boundary lubrication. Main findings are that at increasing friction levels in the roller-pin contact, there is a sudden increase in the slide-to-roll ratio (SRR) in the cam-roller contact. The value of the roller-pin friction coefficient at which this sudden increase in SRR is noticed depends on the contact force, the non-Newtonian characteristics, and viscosity–pressure dependence. For roller-pin friction coefficient values higher than this critical value, inclusion of non-Newtonian and thermal effects becomes highly important. Furthermore, after this critical level of roller-pin friction, the lubrication regime rapidly shifts from full film to mixed lubrication. Based on the findings in this work, the importance of ensuring adequate lubrication in the roller-pin contact is highlighted as this appears to be the critical contact in the cam-follower unit.

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