scholarly journals Comorbid disease burden among MS patients 1968–2012: A Swedish register–based cohort study

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852091049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsi A Smith ◽  
Sarah Burkill ◽  
Ayako Hiyoshi ◽  
Tomas Olsson ◽  
Shahram Bahmanyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Comorbid Disease ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Cardiovascular Depression ◽  
Prevalence Prevalence ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Background: People with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) have increased comorbid disease (CMD) risk. Most previous studies have not considered overall CMD burden. Objective: To describe lifetime CMD burden among pwMS. Methods: PwMS identified using Swedish registers between 1968 and 2012 ( n = 25,476) were matched by sex, age, and county of residence with general-population comparators ( n = 251,170). Prevalence, prevalence ratios (PRs), survival functions, and hazard ratios by MS status, age, and time period compared seven CMD: autoimmune, cardiovascular, depression, diabetes, respiratory, renal, and seizures. Results: The magnitude of the PRs for each CMD and age group decreased across time, with higher PRs in earlier time periods. Before 1990, younger age groups had higher PRs, and after 1990, older age groups had higher PRs. Male pwMS had higher burden compared with females. Overall, renal, respiratory, and seizures had the highest PRs. Before 2001, 50% of pwMS received a first/additional CMD diagnosis 20 years prior to people without MS, which reduced to 4 years after 2001. PwMS had four times higher rates of first/additional diagnoses in earlier time periods, which reduced to less than two times higher in recent time periods compared to people without MS. Conclusion: Swedish pwMS have increased CMD burden compared with the general population, but this has reduced over time.

Variations in the Seasonal Distribution of Births of Psychotic Patients in England and Wales

1978 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Hare
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Fourth Quarter ◽  
Affective Psychosis ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Younger Age

SummaryThe quarterly distribution of births of patients born in England and Wales 1921–60 and first admitted in 1970–75 was examined by decade of birth and by age at year of admission. For patients with schizophrenia and affective psychosis, the distribution varied: in the early decade (1921–30), and for older patients (45–54 years) the proportion of births in the fourth quarter of the year was high, compared with expectation from live births in the general population; but it became lower in succeeding decades and for younger age groups. No comparable change occurred for births of patients with neurosis or personality disorder.

Smoking Habits among Norwegian Doctors 1974

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif-Edvard Aarø ◽  
Kjell Bjartveit ◽  
Odd D. Vellar ◽  
Else-Lill Berglund
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
High Level

In the spring of 1974 a representative sample ( N = 1200) of all doctors in Norway (6000) received a mailed questionnaire regarding past and present smoking habits. Close to 95% responded. Among late responders there was a disproportionately high number of smokers. As compared with the general population, both male and female doctors constitute a small proportion of daily smokers and a large proportion of exsmokers. The greatest contrasts are observed in the younger age groups. The percentage of daily smokers in this crossectional study on the medical profession is approximately 50% lower than that found in the 1952–53 study on Norwegian doctors. There is also a shift away from cigarette smoking toward the use of pipe and cigars, which is not found in the general population. Answers to questions regarding reasons for quitting as well as certain attitudinal indicators show that the doctors' reduction in smoking is related to their professional involvement and high level of knowledge concerning the health consequences of smoking.

scholarly journals Sex differences in campylobacteriosis incidence rates at different ages - a seven country, multi-year, meta-analysis. A potential mechanism for the infection.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred S Green ◽  
Naama Schwartz ◽  
Victoria Peer
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Time Periods

Abstract Background . There is evidence that males have higher incidence rates (IR) of campylobacteriosis than femlaes. The objectives of this study were to determine whether the sex differences differ between age groups and are consistent over different countries and over different time periods. Methods. We obtained data on incidence rates of campylobacteriosis by sex and age group over a period of 11-26 years from seven countries. Male to female incidence rate ratios (IRR) were computed by age group, country and time period. For each age group, we used meta-analytic methods to combine the IRRs. Sensitivity analysis was used to test whether the results are robust to differences between countries and time periods. Meta-regression was conducted to estimate the different effects of age, country, and time period on the IRR. Results . In the age groups <1, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-44, 45-64 and 65+ years old, the pooled IRRs (with 95% CI) were 1.31 (1.26-1.37), 1.34 (1.31-1.37), 1.35 (1.32-1.38), 1.73 (1.68-1.79), 1.10 (1.08-1.12), 1.19(1.17-1.21) and 1.27 (1.24-1.30), respectively. For each age group, the excess campylobacteriosis incidence rates in males differed at different age groups. However, despite some quantitative differences between countries, the excess was consistently present over long time-periods. In meta-regression analysis, age group was responsible for almost all the variation in the IRRs. Conclusions . The male predominance in campylobacteriosis incidence rates starts in infancy. This suggests that this is due, at least in part, to physiological or genetic differences and not just behavioural factors. These findings can provide clues to the mechanisms of the infection and could lead to more targeted treatments and vaccine development.

Time trends in survival in young women with breast cancer in a population-based study: Are there estrogen receptor status differentials?

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (27_suppl) ◽  
pp. 85-85
Author(s):  
Foluso Olabisi Ademuyiwa ◽  
Adrienne Groman ◽  
Chi-Chen Hong ◽  
Shicha Kumar ◽  
Ellis Glenn Levine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Breast Cancer Outcome ◽  
Er Positive ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Cancer Outcome

85 Background: As mammography is not generally recommended to women under 40, it is reasonable to conclude that documented outcome improvements over time are attributable to treatment advances with screening playing a less important role. In order to determine the contribution of screening and treatment to improvements, we evaluated the odds of presenting with more advanced disease by time-period and examined the time-trends in outcome in a population-based cohort ≤50. We evaluated whether any outcomes differentials existed by ER status. Methods: Patients in SEER diagnosed with breast cancer were divided into 4 by year of diagnosis (1990-1994, 1995-1999, 2000-2004, 2005-2008). Patients were categorized into 2 age-groups: <40 and 40-50 years. Odds ratios for presenting with more advanced disease over the 4 time-periods were calculated for the 2 age-groups. Multivariate analysis was done to investigate the association of survival with time-period for the 2 age-groups by ER status. Results: 110,629 patient records were included. Patients 40-50 who were diagnosed in the 3 later time-periods (1995-1999, 2000-2004, 2005-2008) were more likely to have small tumors (≤2cm) compared with patients diagnosed in 1990-1994. Similarly, these patients were less likely to have larger tumors (≥3cm) comparing the 3 time-periods relative to 1990-1994. Conversely, patients <40 years had a higher odds of presenting with larger tumors (≥3cm) when the 3 later time-periods were compared to 1990-1994. In the ER positive patients, multivariate analysis showed that being diagnosed in the 3 later time-periods relative to 1990-1994 was associated with improved survival irrespective of age. In the ER negative cohort, those 40-50 years had a higher risk of death in the 3 later time-periods relative to 1990-1994; while there was a no effect of time-period on mortality for the younger age group of <40. Conclusions: Patients who are ER positive and between 40-50 years have had time-trend changes with improvements in breast cancer outcome and smaller tumors likely attributable to both screening and hormonal therapies. Patients who are <40 years and/or ER negative have not had improvements in breast cancer outcome.

scholarly journals SAT0252 INCREASED MORTALITY FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH GIANT CELL ARTERITIS: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1069.1-1069
Author(s):  
L. Barra ◽  
J. Pope ◽  
P. Pequeno ◽  
J. Gatley ◽  
J. Widdifield
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Giant Cell Arteritis ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Over Time

Background:Individuals with giant cell arteritis (GCA) are at increased risk of serious morbidity including cardiovascular disease and stroke. Yet the risk of mortality among individuals with GCA have produced conflicting reports1.Objectives:Our aim was to evaluate excess all-cause mortality among individuals with GCA relative to the general population over time.Methods:We performed a population-based study in Ontario, Canada, using health administrative data among all individuals 50 years and older. Individuals with GCA were identified using a validated case definition (81% PPV, 100% specificity). All Ontario residents aged 50 and above who do not have GCA served as the General Population comparators. Deaths occurring in each cohort each year were ascertained from vital statistics. Annual crude and age/sex standardized all-cause mortality rates were determined for individuals with and without GCA between 2000 and 2018. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated to measure relative excess mortality over time. Differences in mortality between sexes and ages were also evaluated.Results:Population denominators among individuals 50 years and older with GCA and the General Population increased over time with 12,792 GCA patients and 5,456,966 comparators by 2018. Annual standardized mortality rates among the comparators steadily declined over time and were significantly lower than GCA morality rates (Figure). Annual GCA mortality rates fluctuated between 42-61 deaths per 1000 population (with overlapping confidence intervals) during the same time period. SMRs for GCA ranged from 1.28 (95% CI 1.08,1.47) at the lowest in 2002 to 1.96 (95% CI 1.84, 2.07) at the highest in 2018. GCA mortality rates and SMRs were highest among males and younger age groups.Conclusion:Over a 19-year period, mortality has remained increased among GCA patients relative to the general population. GCA mortality rates were higher among males and more premature deaths were occurring at younger age groups. In our study, improvements to the relative excess mortality for GCA patients over time (mortality gap) did not occur. Understanding cause-specific mortality and other factors are necessary to inform contributors to premature mortality among GCA patients.References:[1]Hill CL, et al. Risk of mortality in patients with giant cell arteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2017;46(4):513-9.Figure.Acknowledgments: :This study was supported by a CIORA grantDisclosure of Interests:Lillian Barra: None declared, Janet Pope Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly & Company, Merck, Roche, Seattle Genetics, UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Actelion, Amgen, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eicos Sciences, Eli Lilly & Company, Emerald, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, UCB, Speakers bureau: UCB, Priscila Pequeno: None declared, Jodi Gatley: None declared, Jessica Widdifield: None declared

scholarly journals Sex differences in campylobacteriosis incidence rates at different ages - a seven country, multi-year, meta-analysis. A potential mechanism for the infection.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred S Green ◽  
Naama Schwartz ◽  
Victoria Peer
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Time Periods

Abstract Background . There is evidence that males have higher incidence rates (IR) of campylobacteriosis than femlaes. The objectives of this study were to determine whether the sex differences differ between age groups and are consistent over different countries and over different time periods. Methods. We obtained data on incidence rates of campylobacteriosis by sex and age group over a period of 11-26 years from seven countries. Male to female incidence rate ratios (IRR) were computed by age group, country and time period. For each age group, we used meta-analytic methods to combine the IRRs. Sensitivity analysis was used to test whether the results are robust to differences between countries and time periods. Meta-regression was conducted to estimate the different effects of age, country, and time period on the IRR. Results . In the age groups <1, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-44, 45-64 and 65+ years old, the pooled IRRs (with 95% CI) were 1.31 (1.26-1.37), 1.34 (1.31-1.37), 1.35 (1.32-1.38), 1.73 (1.68-1.79), 1.10 (1.08-1.12), 1.19(1.17-1.21) and 1.27 (1.24-1.30), respectively. For each age group, the excess campylobacteriosis incidence rates in males differed at different age groups. However, despite some quantitative differences between countries, the excess was consistently present over long time-periods. In meta-regression analysis, age group was responsible for almost all the variation in the IRRs. Conclusions . The male predominance in campylobacteriosis incidence rates starts in infancy. This suggests that this is due, at least in part, to physiological or genetic differences and not just behavioural factors. These findings can provide clues to the mechanisms of the infection and could lead to more targeted treatments and vaccine development.

scholarly journals Sex differences in campylobacteriosis incidence rates at different ages - a seven country, multi-year, meta-analysis. A potential mechanism for the infection.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred S Green ◽  
Naama Schwartz ◽  
Victoria Peer
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Rate Ratios

Abstract Background. There is evidence of an excess of males in the incidence rates of campylobacteriois. The objectives of this study were to determine whether these observations differ between age groups and are consistent over different countries and during different time periods. Methods. We obtained data on incidence rates of campylobacteriosis by sex and age group over a period of 11-26 years from seven countries. Male to female incidence rate ratios (IRR) were computed by age group, country and time period. For each age group, we used meta-analytic methods to combine the IRRs. Sensitivity analysis was used to test whether the results are robust to differences between countries and time periods. Meta-regression was conducted to estimate the different effects of age, country, and time period on the IRR. Results. In the age groups <1, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-44, 45-64 and 65+ years old, the pooled IRRs (with 95% CI) were 1.31 (1.26-1.37), 1.34 (1.31-1.37), 1.35 (1.32-1.38), 1.73 (1.68-1.79), 1.10 (1.08-1.12), 1.19(1.17-1.21) and 1.27 (1.24-1.30), respectively. For each age group, the excess campylobacteriosis incidence rates in males differed at different age groups. However, despite some quantitative differences between countries, the excess was consistently present over long time-periods. In meta-regression analysis, age group was responsible for almost all the variation in the IRRs. Conclusions. The male predominance in campylobacteriosis incidence rates starts in infancy. This suggests that this is due, at least in part, to physiological or genetic differences and not just behavioural factors. These findings can provide clues to the mechanisms of the infection and could lead to more targeted treatments and vaccine development.

Emerging patterns of child-spacing in Canada

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rahim ◽  
B. Ram
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Child Spacing ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
History Survey

SummaryThis study used data from the 1984 Family History Survey conducted by Statistics Canada to examine recent trends and patterns of child-spacing among currently married women. Life table and proportional hazards estimates show that Canadian women, particularly those in younger age groups with higher education and longer work experience, start having children late, but have subsequent children rather quickly. This suggests that such women tend to complete childbearing within a compressed time period.

scholarly journals Excess years of life lost to COVID-19 and other causes of death by sex, neighbourhood deprivation and region in England & Wales during 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Kontopantelis ◽  
Mamas A. Mamas ◽  
Roger T. Webb ◽  
Ana Castro-Avila ◽  
Martin K. Rutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
First Year ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
North West ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
The North ◽  
Equivalent Time ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Marked Variability ◽  
Younger Age

Background Deaths in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in England & Wales have been shown to be unevenly distributed socioeconomically and geographically. However, the full scale of inequalities may have been underestimated as most measures of excess mortality do not adequately account for varying age profiles of deaths between social groups. We measured years of life lost (YLL) attributable to the pandemic, directly or indirectly, comparing mortality across geographic and socioeconomic groups. Methods YLL for registered deaths in England & Wales, from 27th December 2014 until 25th December 2020, were calculated using 2019 single year sex-specific life tables for England & Wales. Panel time-series models were used to estimate expected YLL by sex, geographical region, and deprivation quintile between 7th March 2020 and 25th December 2020 by cause: direct deaths (COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases), cardiovascular disease & diabetes, cancer, and other indirect deaths - all other causes). Excess YLL during the pandemic period were calculated by subtracting observed from expected values. Additional analyses focused on excess deaths for region and deprivation strata, by age-group. Findings Between 7th March 2020 and 25th December 2020 there were an estimated 763,550 (95% CI: 696,826 to 830,273) excess YLL in England & Wales, equivalent to a 15% (95% CI: 14 to 16) increase in YLL compared to the equivalent time period in 2019. There was a strong deprivation gradient in all-cause excess YLL, with rates per 100,000 population ranging from (916; 95% CI: 820 to 1,012) for the least deprived quintile to (1,645; 95% CI: 1,472 to 1,819) for the most deprived. The differences in excess YLL between deprivation quintiles were greatest in younger age groups; for all-cause deaths, an average of 9.1 years per death (95% CI: 8.2 to 10.0) were lost in the least deprived quintile, compared to 10.8 (95% CI: 10.0 to 11.6) in the most deprived; for COVID-19 and other respiratory deaths, an average of 8.9 years per death (95% CI: 8.7 to 9.1) were lost in the least deprived quintile, compared to 11.2 (95% CI: 11.0 to 11.5) in the most deprived. There was marked variability in both all-cause and direct excess YLL by region, with the highest rates in both in the North West. Interpretation During 2020, the first calendar year of the COVID-19 pandemic, longstanding socioeconomic and geographical health inequalities in England & Wales were exacerbated, with the most deprived areas suffering the greatest losses in potential years of life lost. Funding None

scholarly journals Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 Vaccines against Symptomatic COVID-19 among Healthcare Workers in Kuwait: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1692
Author(s):  
Walid Q. Alali ◽  
Lamiaa A. Ali ◽  
Mohammad AlSeaidan ◽  
Mohammad Al-Rashidi
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Executive Staff ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Secondary Hospital

Background: Estimating vaccine effectiveness (VE) against severe, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among healthcare workers (HCWs) is necessary to demonstrate protection from the disease. Between 24 December 2020 and 15 June 2021, we determined the factors associated with vaccine coverage and estimated VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCWs at a secondary hospital in Kuwait. Methods: We extracted sociodemographic, occupational, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and vaccination data for eligible HCWs from the hospital records. Vaccine coverage percentages were cross-tabulated with the HCW factors. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios in vaccinated versus unvaccinated. Results: 3246 HCWs were included in the analysis, of which 82.1% received at least one vaccine dose (50.4% only one dose of ChAdOx1, 3.3% only one dose of BNT162b2, and 28.3% two doses of BNT162b2). However, 17.9% of HCWs were unvaccinated. A significantly lower vaccination coverage was reported amongst female HCWs, younger age group (20–30 years), and administrative/executive staff. The adjusted VE of fully vaccinated HCWs was 94.5% (95% CI = 89.4–97.2%), while it was 75.4% (95% CI = 67.2–81.6%) and 91.4% (95% CI = 65.1–97.9%) in partially vaccinated for ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2, respectively. Conclusions: BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccines prevented most symptomatic infections in HCWs across age groups, nationalities, and occupations.

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