scholarly journals The role of promotion expenditures, direct flights and climate in island destinations

2021 ◽  
pp. 135676672110204
Author(s):  
Susana Cró ◽  
Pedro Correia ◽  
António Miguel Martins
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Gravity Models ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
International Demand

The purpose of this study is to investigate the importance of promotion expenditures, direct flights, and climate, among other variables commonly used in gravity models, in the attractiveness of international tourists to an insular destination, in this particular case, Madeira. These three variables are rarely present in gravity models that analyse international demand. Given the possibility of endogeneity, a dynamic model is estimated for the annual panel data set of the 13 main tourist-generating markets for Madeira between 2005 and 2018. The results indicate that traditional gravity variables are significant in explaining international demand. They also show that promotion expenditures, climate, and the number of direct flights are important competitive factors. Promotion expenditures are of fundamental importance given the weight of the tourism sector in insular economic activity. Our results contribute to the debate that has already started about effective tourism policy making and strategies in the post-pandemic of COVID-19.

Consumption and its Externalities: Where Economy Meets Ecology

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Princen
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Consumer Sovereignty ◽  
Marginal Improvement

If social scientists are going to make a contribution to environmental policy-making that is commensurate with the severity of biophysical trends, they must develop analytic tools that go beyond marginal improvement and a production focus where key actors escape responsibility via distanced commerce and the black box of consumer sovereignty. One means is to construct an ecologically informed “consumption angle” on economic activity. The first approach is to retain the prevailing supply-demand dichotomy and address the externalities of consumption and the role of power in consuming. The second approach is to construe all economic activity as “consuming,” as “using up.” This approach construes material provisioning in the context of hunter/gathering, cultivation, and manufacture and then develops three interpretive layers of excess consumption: background consumption, overconsumption, and misconsumption. An example from timbering illustrates how, by going up and down the decision chain, the consumption angle generates questions about what is consumed and what is put at risk. Explicit assignment of responsibility for excess throughput becomes more likely.

scholarly journals The role of networks for migration flows: an update

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1154-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Beine
Keyword(s):  
Specific Role ◽  
Gravity Models ◽  
Immigration Policies ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Driving Mechanisms ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to cover the literature on the role migrants networks in explaining aggregate migration flows between countries. The author emphasizes the specific role of family immigration policies. To that purpose, the author covers briefly the recent experience of seven receiving countries to highlight the importance of these policies in explaining part of the observed network elasticities. Design/methodology/approach The author first provides a small review of the literature and the issues at stake. The author then provides an update of the estimates of the network elasticities using the data set on migration stocks and flows from Ozden et al. (2011). Using micro-founded gravity models, the author estimates the network elasticities and discusses the key driving mechanisms explaining their size as well the variation in the amplitude across categories of destination and over time. The author accounts for the issue of multilateral resistance to migration. Findings The author obtains estimates that are in line with the ones documented previously in the literature. The author finds that the role of networks in attracting migrants has increased after the 1970s. The author emphasizes the specific role of family immigration policies. To that purpose, the author covers briefly the recent experience of a set of receiving countries to highlight the importance of these policies in explaining part of the observed network elasticities. Originality/value This paper covers the literature on the role migrants networks in explaining aggregate migration flows between countries and obtain new estimates of network elasticities that vary over time and across types of destination countries.

scholarly journals Do the Attributes of Audit Committee Explain Non-Performing Loans? Evidence from an Emerging Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-357
Author(s):  
Arifa Akter ◽  
◽  
Mohammad Kamal Hossain ◽  
Mohammad Jahangir Alam ◽  
Md. Shajul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
The Other ◽  
Committee Chairman ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Robust Standard Error ◽  
Regulatory Bodies

This study examined whether various attributes of the audit committee of listed banks in Bangladesh explain the level of non-performing loans (NPLs). This study used a panel data set comprising all 30 listed banks with 250 bank-year observations for the period 2013–2017. It employed the random-effects GLS regression model with cluster robust standard error and AR (1) disturbance to examine the effect of several audit committee attributes on NPLs. We found that holding audit committee meetings frequently and a higher number of independent members in the audit committee facilitate to reduce NPLs. We, however, find no explicit evidence that the other attributes of the audit committee examined (audit committee size, financial experience and financial literacy of the audit committee members, professional qualifications of the audit committee Chairman) contribute in reducing NPLs. The findings will be useful for policymakers of the banking sector in Bangladesh and the relevant regulatory bodies in enabling them to understand the role of the various attributes of the audit committee in the incidence of NPLs. Keywords: attributes, audit committee, non-performing loans (NPLs), listed banks, Bangladesh

scholarly journals THE ECONOMIC IMPACT ON GLOBAL TOURISM

10.26458/1728 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Bogdan Sofronov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Tourism

Tourism is an important economic activity in most countries around the world. As well as its direct economic impact,the industry has significant indirect and induced impacts.The outlook for the Tourism sector in 2017 remains robust and will continue to be at the forefront of wealth and employment creation in the global economy, despite the emergence of a number of challenging headwinds.In tourism, GDP growth is expected to accelerate to 3.8%, up from 3.1% in 2016. As nations seem to be looking increasingly inward, putting in place barriers to trade and movement of people, the role of Tourism becomes even more significant, as an engine of economic development and as a vehicle for sharing cultures, creating peace, and building mutual understanding.

What Drives Unequal Policy Responsiveness? Assessing the Role of Informational Asymmetries in Economic Policy-Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (14) ◽  
pp. 2213-2245
Author(s):  
Mads Andreas Elkjær
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Data Set ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Economic Elites ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Recent scholarship on inequality and political representation argues that economic elites are dominating democratic policy-making, yet it struggles to explain the underlying mechanisms. This article proposes that unequal responsiveness reflects asymmetries in information about fiscal policy across income classes, as opposed to being a structural bias inherent in capitalist democracy. I test the argument in a pathway case study of economic policy-making in Denmark, using a new data set that combines preference and spending data spanning 18 spending domains between 1985 and 2017. I find that governments that pursue standard macroeconomic policies coincidentally respond more strongly to the preferences of the affluent, owing to a closer adjustment of preferences to the state of the economy among citizens in upper income groups. These findings have important democratic and theoretical implications, as they suggest that unequal responsiveness may not reflect substantive misrepresentation of majority interests, but rather differences in information levels across groups.

Impacts of airport traffic volumes on house prices of New Zealand’s major regions: A panel data approach

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2800-2817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai Hong Kan Tsui ◽  
David Tat Wei Tan ◽  
Song Shi
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Property Prices ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
The Relationship

The direction and mechanisms of the relationship between airport traffic volumes and property prices are somewhat unclear in the literature. This study adds to that body of knowledge by empirically investigating the role of airports as an essential driver of economic activity by creating employment and facilitating air travel between destinations. The two-stage least-squares (2SLS) approach is employed to investigate the link between house prices and the airport traffic volumes of New Zealand’s three key regions and airports (Auckland, Canterbury/Christchurch and Wellington) from July 2004 to December 2014. The empirical findings of the study suggest that airport traffic volumes positively and significantly influence the urban house prices of New Zealand’s three major regions.

scholarly journals Sector size, technical change and stability in the USA (1957-2006): a Schumpeterian approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 956-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Konstantakis ◽  
Panayotis G. Michaelides ◽  
Theofanis Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
Data Framework ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate two famous postulates of the Schumpeterian doctrine and its implications for the US economy. Design/methodology/approach – Analytically, the authors investigate whether sector size matters for sectoral: technological change and stability, as expressed through the relevant quantitative measures and variables. To this end, the authors test a number of relevant models that express the various forms of this relationship. More precisely, the authors use panel data for the 14 main sectors of economic activity in the USA over the period 1957-2006, just before the first signs of the US and global recession made their appearance. Findings – The results seem to be in line with the Schumpeterian postulate that market size matters for technological change and economic stability, for the US economy (1957-2006). Clearly, further research would be of great interest. Originality/value – This work contributes to the literature in the following ways: first, it provides an extensive review of the literature on the subject and adopts two relevant methodological approaches. Second, based on these quantitative approaches, the paper offers a complete investigation of two famous postulates of the Schumpeterian theory for the US economy, and it is the first, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to do so by sector of economic activity, in a panel data framework. Third, the paper uses a wide data set (1957-2006) to examine the US economy up until the first signs of the US and global economic recession made their appearance.

Quotas and Party Priorities: Direct and Indirect Effects of Quota Laws

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-862
Author(s):  
Ana Catalano Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Gender Quota

In light of increasing numbers of women in politics, extant research has examined the role of women in the parliamentary party on agenda-setting. This paper complements that literature by exploring the effect of a gendered institution theorized to promote both numbers of women and awareness of women’s interests: gender quota laws. I suggest that after a quota law, parties could have incentives to either reduce ( backlash effect) or increase ( salience effect) attention to women’s policy concerns. Using matching and regression methods with a panel data set of parties in advanced democracies, I find that parties in countries that implement a quota law devote more attention to social justice issues in their manifestos than similar parties in countries without a quota. Furthermore, the paper shows that this effect is driven entirely by the law itself. Contrary to expectations, quota laws are not associated with increases in women in my (short-term) sample; it is thus no surprise that no evidence of an indirect effect through numbers of women is found. I interpret the findings as evidence of quota contagion, whereby quotas cue party leaders to compete on gender equality issues.

scholarly journals The role of frequent engagement in alliances in firm likelihood to patent

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 919-938
Author(s):  
Despoina Filiou ◽  
Heinz Tusselmann ◽  
Lawrence Green
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Alliance Portfolio ◽  
Firm Innovation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alliance Management ◽  
Alliance Experience ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of alliance experience in firm innovation; it argues that, while cumulative alliance experience has a marginally diminishing contribution to likelihood of firm innovation over time, frequent engagement in alliances and an expanding alliance portfolio inhabit an enhancing role. This reveals new dimensions to the role of alliance experience as an antecedent to firm learning in managing alliances and to the development of alliance capabilities. Design/methodology/approach The paper estimates a range of models identifying the relationship between alliance experience and firm innovation. The panel data sample captures the full range of firms active in the UK bio-pharmaceuticals sector during the early stages of its development observing them from 1991 to 2001. An exploratory case study analysis is employed to shed light on the nuanced factors linking frequent engagement in alliances to the development of practices for efficient alliance management. Findings The paper shows that cumulative alliance experience has a marginally diminishing contribution to likelihood of firm innovation over time, while frequent engagement in alliances and the ensuing expansion of alliance portfolios enhance firm innovation. The exploratory case analysis demonstrates a link between frequent engagement in alliances and the development of processes for alliance management that could collectively reflect alliance capabilities. Originality/value Contribution derives from a longitudinal analysis of an original panel data set that maps the UK bio-pharmaceuticals sector over the initial period of its development. The paper sheds light on factors that can compel firms to form alliance capabilities, and extends a currently thin body of work on the foundations and antecedents to alliance and alliance portfolio capabilities.

scholarly journals Migration in Spain: The Role of Cultural Diversity Revisited

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 118-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maite Alguacil ◽  
Luisa Alamá-Sabater
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Endogenous Variable ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Spatial Linkages

<p>In this article, we analyze to what extent cultural diversity brought about by immigrants affects economic activity of the Spanish provinces. To do that, we use panel data techniques that treat cultural diversity as an endogenous variable and account for spatial linkages. The dual nature of immigrants in Spain, that is, working and retired migration, is also considered in our regressions. The outcomes reveal that greater cultural diversity stimulates the economic activity of the Spanish provinces, these gains being reinforced in the case of labor-active migrant and for richer provinces. Our results are robust to diverse specifications, estimation methods, and samples.</p>

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