scholarly journals Role of telepharmacy in pharmacist counselling to coronavirus disease 2019 patients and medication dispensing errors

2020 ◽  
pp. 1357633X2096434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama M Ibrahim ◽  
Rana M Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmad Z Al Meslamani ◽  
Nadia Al Mazrouei
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Care ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Pharmacist Interventions ◽  
Patient Status ◽  
Collection Form ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dispensing Errors ◽  
Medication Dispensing

Introduction Remote pharmacist interventions have achieved much more attention during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, since they reduce the risk of transmission and can potentially increase the access of vulnerable populations, such as patients with COVID-19, to pharmaceutical care. This study aimed to examine differences in rates and types of pharmacist interventions related to COVID-19 and medication dispensing errors (MDEs) across community pharmacies with and without telepharmacy services. Methods This was a prospective, disguised, observational study conducted over four months (from March 2020 to July 2020) in 52 community pharmacies (26 with and 26 without telepharmacy) across all seven states of the United Arab Emirates using proportionate random sampling. A standardised data-collection form was developed to include information about patient status, pharmacist interventions and MDEs. Results The test (telepharmacy) group pharmacies provided pharmaceutical care to 19,974 patients, of whom 6371 (31.90%) and 1213 (6.07%) were probable and confirmed cases of COVID-19, respectively. The control group pharmacies provided care to 9151 patients, of whom 1074 (11.74%) and 33 (0.36%) were probable and confirmed cases of COVID-19, respectively. Rates of MDEs and their subcategories, prescription-related errors and pharmacist counselling errors across pharmacies with telepharmacy versus those without remote services were 15.81% versus 19.43% ( p < 0.05), 5.38% versus 10.08% ( p < 0.05) and 10.42% versus 9.35% ( p > 0.05), respectively. Discussion This is one of the first studies to provide high-quality evidence of the impact of telepharmacy on COVID-19 patients’ access to pharmaceutical care and on medication dispensing safety.

scholarly journals Dispensing errors in community pharmacies in the United Arab Emirates: investigating incidence, types, severity, and causes

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Mohamed Ibrahim ◽  
Rana M. Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmad Z. Al Meslamani ◽  
Nadia Al Mazrouei
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
National Study ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Fundamental Function ◽  
Wrong Drug ◽  
Causes Of Errors ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
Method Approach ◽  
Dispensing Errors ◽  
Medication Dispensing

Background: Medication dispensing is a fundamental function of community pharmacies, and errors that occur during the dispensing process are a major threat to patient safety. However, to date there has been no national study of medication dispensing errors in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Objective: The study aimed to investigate the incidence, types, clinical significance, causes and predictors of medication dispensing errors. Methods: The study was conducted in randomly selected community pharmacies (n=350) across all regions of UAE over six months using a mixed-method approach, incorporating prospective disguised observation of dispensing errors and interviews with pharmacists regarding the causes of errors. A multidisciplinary committee, which included an otolaryngologist, a general practitioner and a clinical pharmacist, evaluated the severity of errors. SPSS (Version 26) was used for data analysis. Results: The overall rate of medication dispensing errors was 6.7% (n=30912/ 464222), of which 2.6% (n=12274/464222) were prescription-related errors and 4.1% (n= 18638/464222) pharmacist counselling errors. The most common type of prescription-related errors was wrong quantity (30.0%), whereas the most common pharmacist counselling error was wrong drug (32.1%). The majority of errors were caused by medicine replaced with near expire one (24.7%) followed by look-alike/sound-alike drugs (22.3%). The majority of errors were moderate (46.8%) and minor (44.5%); 8.7% were serious errors. Predictors of medication dispensing errors were: grade A pharmacies (dispensing  60 prescriptions a day (OR 2.1; 95%CI 1.4-3.6; p=0.03) and prescriptions containing ≥4 medication orders (OR 2.5; 95%CI 1.7-4.3; p=0.01). Conclusions: Medication dispensing errors are common in the UAE and our findings can be generalised and considered as a reference to launch training programmes on safe medication dispensing practice.

PHARMACEUTICAL CARE OF ADOLESCENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 1: THE DIADEMA STUDY, A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. e1.67-e1
Author(s):  
Emina Obarčanin ◽  
Manfred Krueger ◽  
Petra Mueller ◽  
Verena Nemitz ◽  
Holger Schwender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pharmaceutical Care ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundAdolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) often show low adherence to complex insulin regimens, leading to poor glycemic control. The benefit of pharmaceutical care in adults with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) has been widely explored; however, evidence in adolescents with T1DM remains scarce.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of pharmaceutical care in adolescents with T1DM provided by a multidisciplinary team on multiple important clinical outcomes.SettingAt the outpatient Helios Paediatric Clinic and at the 12 regular community pharmacies of the study patients with 14 pharmacists in the Krefeld area, Germany, and at the University Pediatric Clinic with one pharmacist on-site in Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina.MethodsA randomized, controlled, prospective, multicenter study in 68 adolescents with T1DM. The intervention group received monthly structured pharmaceutical care delivered by pharmacists plus supplementary phone calls for 6 months. The control group received usual diabetic care. Data were collected at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. In addition, HbA1c was measured after 12 months.Main outcome measures The between-group difference in the change from baseline in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), the number of severe hypoglycemic events in both groups, and patient well-being in the intervention group.ResultsThe improvement from baseline in HbA1c was significantly greater in the intervention group than in the control group after 6 months (change from baseline −0.54 vs. +0.32%, p=0.0075), even after adjustment for country-specific variables (p=0.0078). However, the effect was more pronounced after only 3 months (−1.09 vs. +0.23%, p=0.00002). There was no significant between-group difference in the number of severe hypoglycemia events. After 6 months, the well-being according to the WHO-5 index in the intervention group increased significantly from 52.8% to 63.3%. After 12 months the mean total HbA1c remained significantly reduced in the intervention compared to the control group (8.6% vs. 9.5%, p=0.0184).ConclusionThe improved outcomes seen in this study provide new evidence that pharmaceutical care adds value to the management of T1DM in adolescents. However, the optimal methods of achieving sustained long-term improvements in this specific patient population require further study.

scholarly journals DISPENSING ERRORS OBSERVED BY COMMUNITY PHARMACY DISPENSERS IN IBB - YEMEN

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaser Mohammed Al-worafi
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Error Type ◽  
Similar Drug ◽  
Wrong Drug ◽  
Collaboration And Communication ◽  
Collection Form ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Dispensing Errors

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the dispensing errors, its types, and causes in community pharmacies in Ibb, Yemen.Methods: A prospective study was conducted among community pharmacies in the Ibb, Yemen, over 4 months’ period. Dispensing errors that were detected during the dispensing process were recorded by the pharmacy dispensers using a data collection form. Detecting and reporting of dispensing errors, types, and causes of dispensing errors were explained to the participated pharmacists before starting the study. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences® (IBM SPSS) version 21 for Windows.Results: A total of 35 (0.80%) dispensing errors were reported in this study. Wrong dosage form was the most common dispensing error type reported in this study followed by wrong quantity, wrong strength, and wrong drug. Factors most commonly reported as contributing to dispensing errors in this study were prescriptions poor handwriting, similar medications packaging, more than one patient at the same time, and similar drug names.Conclusion: This study explored the type and causes of dispensing errors at five community pharmacies in the Ibb city, Yemen. Dispensing errors can be prevented by educational interventions about dispensing error’s and its potential causes. Effective collaboration and communication between community pharmacy dispensers and prescribers are an important key to minimize and prevent dispensing errors.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF IMPACT OF PHARMACEUTICAL CARE ON IMPROVING KNOWLEDGE AND MEDICATION ADHERENCE IN CKD PATIENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Bebit Baby ◽  
Chippy Lee Antony ◽  
Shivil Wilson ◽  
Theertha Xavier ◽  
T. Tamilselvan
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Pharmaceutical Care ◽  
Patient Counselling ◽  
Information Leaflets ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Collection Form ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Evaluation of the impact of pharmaceutical care on improving knowledge and medication adherence in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patient data were recorded on a data collection form after informed consent. Their knowledge and medication adherence were evaluated by questionnaire and it was quantified. Patients were counselled using patient information leaflets. Re-assessment was made during follow-up.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Medication adherence among patients was classified as low, medium and high adherence. Knowledge was classified under three categories excellent, average and poor. There was a considerable improvement in knowledge and medication adherence irrespective of age and gender. The study was statistically significant with P&lt;0.05.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The efforts to increase awareness on CKD patients such as providing patient counselling and continuous education could enhance adherence to therapies and thus could improve clinical outcomes and quality of life.</p>

COUNSELOR TRAINING, ANXIETY, AND COUNSELING SELF-EFFICACY: IMPLICATIONS FOR TRAINING PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS FROM THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNIVERSITY

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima R. Al-Darmaki
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Counselor Training ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

The impact of training on counseling self-efficacy and state and trait anxiety was examined in this study. One hundred and thirteen undergraduate psychology students from United Arab Emirates (UAE) University participated in this investigation. The experimental group consisted of seventy-three students who were taking their first practicum (65 females; 8 males) and the control group was composed of female students who had not yet taken their practicum (n=40). Pre- and posttests were conducted using the Counseling Self-Estimate Inventory (COSE: Larson et al., 1992) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI: Spielberger, Gorsuch, & Lushene, 1970). Significant mean differences were found between the experimental group and the control group in both counseling self-efficacy and anxiety. Analysis of covariance revealed that training increased trainees' counseling self-efficacy and decreased their level of anxiety. These findings are discussed and directions for future research are provided.

scholarly journals Assessment of patient's satisfaction with pharmaceutical care services in community pharmacies in the United Arab Emirates

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
SuleimanIbrahim El-Sharif ◽  
NoraAbd Alrahman ◽  
Nouray Khaled ◽  
Noor Sayah ◽  
Esraa Gamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Care ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Patient’S Satisfaction ◽  
Care Services

scholarly journals Intervention of Screening Programme for Hypertension and Lipid Profile on Prescribing Pattern of Antihypertensive and Antihyperlipidemic Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
. M Madeshwaran ◽  
. S Parimalakrishnan ◽  
. R Manivannan
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Utilization Pattern ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Antihyperlipidemic Agents ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of screening programme for the patients visiting community pharmacies and factors influencing the prescribing pattern of antihypertensive and/ or antihyperlipidemic agents. The study was designed as a prospective cohort study conducted between December 2017 and November 2019. Data were collected from the hypertensive patients visiting regularly in the 5 selected community pharmacies located at 5 Taluks of Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India. The required data were collected either from the patient’s record or interview. Data were collected from 946 (75.68%) patients of 1250 patients visited the selected community pharmacies.49.4% and 50.6% of patients were randomly allotted to the control (group I) and intervention (group II) groups respectively.In this study 50.56% and 46.67% of males were in group I and II respectively. Average SBP was measured as 151.5 ± 11.8 mmHg and 168.1 ± 13.6 mmHg for the patients in group I and II respectively whereas 92.9 ± 9.3 mmHg and 92.6 ± 9.5 mmHg were the DBP readings among the patients in group I and II respectively. Average total cholesterol was measured as 253.66 ± 33.67 mg/dL and 271.04 ± 39.91 mg/dL for the patients in group I and II respectively. The difference in the prevalence is 0.7 and 2.05 for the antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic agents respectively whereas the incidence was observed as 4.75 and 2.5 for the antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic agents respectively. The odds ratio of SBP and DBP is 1.12 and 0.99 respectively in the group II. The values of multivariate analysis showed that there is an agreement between intervention and utilization pattern of antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic agents. It is to conclude that the preliminary screening of blood pressure and lipid profile showed many patients were not visiting regularly for consultations. The screening programme has resulted in good improvement in the utilization pattern of antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic agents. The age, lipid levels and comorbid conditions were main factors among the individuals which have determined the prescribing pattern of agents.

Medication Dispensing Errors in Community Pharmacies: A Nationwide Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (16) ◽  
pp. 1448-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Flynn ◽  
Nathan T. Dorris ◽  
Grady T. Holman ◽  
Brian J. Camahan ◽  
Kenneth N. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Bar Code ◽  
Nationwide Study ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Product Verification ◽  
Dispensing Errors ◽  
Medication Dispensing

The available literature concerning medication dispensing errors provides relatively few studies that focus on community-based pharmacies. This paper presents the results of a nationwide, observation-based study of dispensing errors. Although community-based pharmacies were the primary focus, a small number of health-system pharmacies were also included. Investigators collected information concerning the frequency and type of errors and near errors as well as data regarding a number of task and environmental factors previously correlated with dispensing errors. A total of 5,784 prescriptions were inspected, revealing 91 errors (1.57%) and 74 near errors (1.28%). Errors were categorized as either content (41.76%) or labeling (58.24%) errors. Results are consistent with findings in the available literature. In particular, lighting levels, type of inspection system used (e.g., bar code product verification), number of available employees, and the arrangement of drug stock were significantly associated with both types of errors.

scholarly journals Reduction of cardiovascular risk in patients with metabolic syndrome in a community health center after a pharmaceutical care program of pharmacotherapy follow-up

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Pedro Plaster ◽  
Danilo Travassos Melo ◽  
Veraci Boldt ◽  
Karla Oliveira dos Santos Cassaro ◽  
Fernanda Campos Rosetti Lessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Health System ◽  
Pharmaceutical Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a pharmaceutical care (PC) program in a sample of public outpatients with metabolic syndrome (MS) who were being treated in Brazil's health system; the patients were randomized into PC or standard care. The pharmacotherapy follow-up (PF) was performed in a total of 120 patients with type 2 diabetes for 6 months. Adherence to treatment (measured with the Morisky test), negative outcomes associated with medication (NOM) and anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured before and after PF. The Framingham scoring method was used to estimate changes in 10-year coronary heart disease risk scores in all patients. Ninety-six of 120 patients had characteristics of MS and were randomized into two groups (G): the control group (CG: 36) and the intervention group (IG: 38). Among the MS patients, 100% were taking a glucose-lowering drug; many were also taking anti-hypertensive drugs (CG: 72%; IG: 73%), and some patients were also taking hypolipemic drugs (CG: 12.0%; IG: 14.7%). Only 20.7% of the IG patients were considered adherent to their prescribed drugs. In the CG, an increase of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk (22±2 to 26±3; p<0.05) was observed, while in the IG, there was a reduction in CHD risk (22±2 to 14±2%; p<0.01). The PC program administered to patients with MS monitored through the primary healthcare services of the Brazilian public health system improved patient health, resulting in clinical improvements and a decrease in cardiovascular risk in IG patients over a period of ten years.

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