Associations between pornography exposure, body image and sexual body image: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532096708
Author(s):  
Georgios Paslakis ◽  
Carlos Chiclana Actis ◽  
Gemma Mestre-Bach
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexual Body

There is evidence for associations between pornography exposure and sexual behaviors of adults and adolescents. Here, we review associations between pornography exposure and body image/sexual body image. Using a systematic search, we found 26 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Compelling evidence shows that frequency of pornography exposure is associated with negatively perceived body image and sexual body image; both heterosexual men and women appear to be affected. Due to scarcity of studies in adolescents and non-heterosexual samples, findings cannot be generalized to adolescents or individuals who identify as sexual minorities. Implications and future directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Temporal Synchrony in Autism: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Murat Baldwin ◽  
Zhuoni Xiao ◽  
Aja Louise Murray
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Temporal Synchrony ◽  
Intervention Method ◽  
The Difference

A large number of studies have reported that autistic individuals show differences in their performance on temporal asynchrony tasks as compared to neurotypical individuals. Specifically, autistic individuals appear to show a reduced tendency towards synchrony. However, the evidence has hitherto not been reviewed in a systematic way, making it difficult to be sure of the magnitude and generalisability of the difference across different tasks and contexts. The present review aimed to systematically collect and synthesise the data on various types of temporal synchrony in autism across all ages in order to address this gap. A systematic search of the EBSCO, OVID, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was conducted, and the search strategies involved keywords and synonyms for “autism”, “temporal” and “synchrony”. Thirty-two studies were identified that met our inclusion criteria: 13 in the domain of audio-visual; three in audio-motor; three in visuo-tactile; three in visuo-motor; three in social motor; and five in conversational synchrony. An additional two studies focused on adapting an intervention method to improve interpersonal temporal synchrony in autistic individuals. The findings suggest that autistic participants showed reduced synchrony tendencies in every category of temporal synchrony that was reviewed. The findings are discussed in relation to existing knowledge of temporal processing and integration differences in autism. Limitations, future directions and potential clinical implications are also discussed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder Among Rhinoplasty Candidates: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110565
Author(s):  
Ibrahim AlAwadh ◽  
Ahmad Bogari ◽  
Turki Azhar ◽  
Nada AlTaylouni ◽  
Naif AlSughier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Adequate Management

Objective Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) represents a bridge between the fields of psychiatry and cosmetic surgery. It is a psychiatric disorder involving altered body image and has been associated with cosmetic surgery. Many studies have investigated BDD following rhinoplasty. However, their findings were inconsistent, which prompted us to conduct this systematic review to obtain strong evidence about the prevalence of BDD among rhinoplasty candidates. Methods We searched the literature using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and others using keywords relevant to the study outcomes. We also manually examined the references of the included studies and relevant reviews to look for articles that might have been missed during the electronic search. Results Nine articles met the inclusion criteria. We identified 7 other relevant articles; since they had been included in a review conducted in 2016, they were not included in the final list of articles. However, they were included in the discussion, and their findings have been compared with ours. The included articles resulted in a total sample of 712 rhinoplasty candidates. The estimated prevalence rates of BDD in these articles ranged from 22% to 52%, which was considered high by all the authors of the included studies. Conclusion The prevalence of BDD among rhinoplasty candidates is high, and adequate management and interventions are needed to reduce it.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Characteristics and Sexual Behaviors of People in Care for HIV Infection: An Examination of Men Who Have Sex with Men, Heterosexual Men and Women

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1129-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Golin ◽  
Gary Marks ◽  
Julie Wright ◽  
Mary Gerkovich ◽  
Hsiao-Chuan Tien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sex With Men

scholarly journals Prolactin in multiple sclerosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Zhornitsky ◽  
V Wee Yong ◽  
Samuel Weiss ◽  
Luanne M Metz
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Clinical Relapse ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Hypothalamic Lesions ◽  
The Impact

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is more common among women than men. MS often goes into remission during pregnancy, when prolactin (PRL) levels are known to be high. In an animal model of demyelination, PRL promoted myelin repair, suggesting it has potential as a remyelinating therapy in MS. In this systematic review, we examined the known associations between PRL and MS, in order to elucidate its potential role in the pathophysiology and treatment of MS. A systematic search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed and EMBASE, using the keywords "prolactin" AND “multiple sclerosis.” The inclusion criteria were met by 23 studies. These studies suggested to us that elevated PRL may be more common in MS patients than in controls. Hyperprolactinemia may also be associated with clinical relapse in MS, especially among patients with hypothalamic lesions or optic neuritis; however, it is unknown if this is a cause or consequence of a relapse. Overall, most people with MS have normal PRL levels. The impact of PRL on MS outcomes remains unclear.

scholarly journals Body image dissatisfaction among rural population: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Francelia García Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Social Sectors

Body image dissatisfaction, a risk factor for eating disorders, is no longer a phenomenon exclusive to developed countries or urbanized areas: the trend shows its expansion to other social sectors. The aim was to review the researches that have studied the presence of body image dissatisfaction in population from rural areas, describing both their methodology and the results obtained. A systematic review was carried out in PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus, using key words such as: "body dissatisfaction", "body image", "eating disorders", "rural area/population". 27 papers that complied with the inclusion criteria were reviewed. All reported body image dissatisfaction, mainly tending to thinness. It is important to consider the contributions of the works presented here, pointing out the need to implement intervention strategies aimed equally at rural populations.  

Military Sexual Trauma and Risky Behaviors: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 152483801989733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon R. Forkus ◽  
Nicole H. Weiss ◽  
Svetlana Goncharenko ◽  
Joseph Mammay ◽  
Michael Church ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Sexual Trauma ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Military Sexual Trauma ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction: Military sexual trauma (MST) is a serious and pervasive problem among military men and women. Recent findings have linked MST with various negative outcomes including risky, self-destructive, and health-compromising behaviors. Objective: The current review summarizes the existing literature on the association between MST and risky behaviors among military men and women who have served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Method: We systematically searched five electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PSYCINFO, PILOTS, and CINAHL Plus) using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Of the initial 2,021 articles, 47 met the inclusion criteria. Reviewed studies revealed three patterns of findings: (1) largely studied and consistent (i.e., suicidal behaviors, disordered eating), (2) mixed and in need of future research (i.e., alcohol and drug use, smoking), and (3) underexamined (i.e., sexual behaviors, illegal/aggressive behaviors) or completely neglected (e.g., problematic technology use, gambling). Discussion: The current systematic review advances literature by providing strong support for an association between MST and a wide range of risky behaviors. Moreover, it highlights important areas for future research.

scholarly journals Interactive Features of E-Texts’ Effects on Learning: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Clinton-Lisell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Collaborative Tools ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
And Control

E-texts afford interactive features that are not feasible with paper texts. Several studies have been conducted examining interactive features of e-texts, but it is uncertain what the overall effect is or what features may be most useful. The purpose of this study is to systematically review and meta-analyze the findings comparing reading performance and/or reading times between e-texts with interactive features and control texts (paper or static e-texts). The systematic search of the literature identified 26 independent studies on reading performance. Based on the meta-analyses, interactive features benefited reading performance (g = .66, p < .001). Individual studies with positive effects involved multiple interactive features; however, potential contributions of three types of features (questions with feedback, digital glossaries, and collaborative tools) are discussed. Future directions for examining interactive features experimentally to better understand what features are most helpful for whom are described.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Passing as Non-Autistic in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Libsack ◽  
Elliot Keenan ◽  
Caroline Freden ◽  
Julianne Mirmina ◽  
Nathaniel Iskhakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Ethnicity Data

While long described in anecdotal accounts of the lived experiences of autistic individuals, the phenomenon of behaving in ways that appear inconsistent with the presence of autism (or passing as non-autistic; PAN) has recently seen a dramatic increase in scrutiny in the published scientific literature. Increased research attention has coincided with a proliferation of methods, definitions, measures, and population assumptions associated with PAN. To date, however, no review has sought to systematically identify and synthesize the literature on PAN. This systematic review reflects the state of the PAN literature as of May 2020. Ninety articles were screened, 66 were identified for evaluation, and 46 met inclusion criteria and were reliably coded for study characteristics and participant characteristics. Results reveal that the PAN literature includes a relatively even mix of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method studies, and that a variety of terms are used for PAN (with masking and camouflage being the most frequent). Sample sizes varied widely (from one to 832 participants), with 63.06% of participants being categorized as autistic. Nearly all studies reported methods for confirming autism diagnoses, with community and clinical diagnoses being most common. The majority of studies reported participant gender, with slightly more females included than males on average, but fewer than half of all studies compared PAN across genders. Nearly all studies reported participant age, demonstrating a wide range of 2 to 79 years, with a mean age of 23.85. Conversely, only 23.91% of studies provided participant race or ethnicity data. Nearly all studies formally or informally excluded participants with intellectual disability. Finally, measures of internalizing symptoms, which are often thought to be linked to PAN, were reported in only 17.4% of studies. Implications for gaps in understanding of PAN and future directions for the field are discussed.

scholarly journals A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF INTERVENTION TO REDUCE MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS: HAND AND ARM DISORDERS

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (27) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayuni Nabilah Alias ◽  
Karmegam Karuppiah ◽  
Shamsul Bahri Mohd Tamrin ◽  
Emilia Zainal Abidin ◽  
Umi Kalsom Mohd Shafiei
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorder ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Large Impact ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Ergonomic Interventions ◽  
Research Studies

Despite with countless number of incidence related to musculoskeletal disorders among workers, there are lot of studies that come out with interventions in order to reduce musculoskeletal disorders. Musculoskeletal disorders continue to give a large impact and challenge towards employer and employee in many different sectors. This article had reviewed the literature that related to intervention to reduce musculoskeletal disorders of the hand and arm. 5 databases were reviewed to identify studies related to intervention to reduce musculoskeletal disorders of the hand and arm among workers. In order to identify and classify research studies, specific keywords (ergonomic, musculoskeletal disorder, hand and arm disorders, occupation, injury, intervention and prevention) were identified and used in a systematic search to guide the discovery of relevant studies. Included studies were reviewed and interventions were assessed. As overall, 312 titles were discovered during the search and only 6 studies that were related to hand and arm disorders and met inclusion criteria. Within these 6 studies, this review identified ergonomic interventions in terms of training, program and workstation redesign. The positive outcomes after the implementation of these interventions, there were significant reduction related to hand and arm disorders among workers. As conclusion, interventions that had been implemented in these 6 studies and significant reduction of musculoskeletal disorders, there is need to do further research in order to propose ergonomic designs for the workers in workplace

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Osteoporosis Health Beliefs in Adult Men and Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. McLeod ◽  
C. Shanthi Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Osteoporosis Prevention ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Health Motivation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Adult Men

Osteoporosis is major public health concern affecting millions of older adults worldwide. A systematic review was carried out to identify the most common osteoporosis health beliefs in adult men and women from descriptive and intervention studies. The Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS) and Osteoporosis Self-efficacy Scale (OSES) evaluate osteoporosis health beliefs, including perceived susceptibility and seriousness, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy of calcium and exercise, and health motivation, and their relationship to preventive health behaviours. A comprehensive search of studies that included OHBS and OSES subscale scores as outcomes was performed. Fifty full-text articles for citations were reviewed based on inclusion criteria. Twenty-two articles met the inclusion criteria. Greater perceived seriousness, benefits, self-efficacy, health motivation, and fewer barriers were the most common health-belief subscales in men and women. Few studies were interventions (n=6) and addressed osteoporosis health beliefs in men (n=8). Taking health beliefs into consideration when planning and conducting education interventions may be useful in both research and practice for osteoporosis prevention and management; however, more research in this area is needed.

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