Globalization, immigration and national identity: How the level of globalization affects the relations between nationalism, constructive patriotism and attitudes toward immigrants?

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gal Ariely
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
Unique Effect ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Social

Arguing that globalization is an important factor in shaping intergroup relations, this paper examines its impact on xenophobic attitudes towards immigrants and on the relationship between nationalism, constructive patriotism, and xenophobia. While multilevel analysis of data from the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) National Identity II (2003) across 31 countries indicates no direct effect of globalization on xenophobia, the relationship between nationalism, constructive patriotism, and xenophobia does appear to be affected. The negative relationship between constructive patriotism and xenophobia is obtained in countries with higher levels of globalization, and the positive relationship between nationalism and xenophobia is also stronger in such countries. A comparison of globalization and economic explanations for xenophobia indicates the unique effect of globalization. The common economic explanations of xenophobia are discussed in light of these findings.

National identity, cosmopolitanism, and attitudes toward immigrants

2021 ◽  
pp. 026858092199451
Author(s):  
Hiromi Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Open Country ◽  
The Individual ◽  
National Membership ◽  
International Social

This study examines the effects of national and cosmopolitan self-identity on xenophobic attitudes across 33 countries with a multilevel analysis of data from the National Identity Module III of the International Social Survey Programme. Of primary interest is how country contexts are intertwined with the sense of national belonging to predict individuals’ anti-immigrant attitudes. The study finds that individuals with a stronger ethnicity-based national identity tend to evidence stronger xenophobia. Net of the individual-level effect of ethnic national identity, citizens of countries with a higher average of ethnic national identity also tend to be more xenophobic. Interestingly, the link between ethnic national identity and xenophobia is stronger in countries where this perspective is not shared as strongly. In the seemingly more ‘open’ country context, individuals’ belief in the requirement of ancestral roots for national membership may entail stronger exclusivism as a fringe ideology.

Do Patriotism and Multiculturalism Collide? Competing Perspectives from Canada and the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Citrin ◽  
Richard Johnston ◽  
Matthew Wright
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Identité Nationale ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Identite Nationale ◽  
International Social

Abstract. The relationship of national identifications to preferences about immigration is a subject of empirical controversy. The hypothesis we explore here through a comparison of Canada and the United States is that the normative content of national identity—how people define the meaning of patriotism in their country—mediates the relationship between national pride and sentiment about immigration and multiculturalism. How political elites construct what citizens should be proud of matters. In comparisons based on the 2003 International Social Survey Program's “National Identity Module,” Canadians seem more divided than Americans over their nationality and generally less chauvinist. Canadians are more receptive to maintaining the current level of immigration and see newcomers as less threatening to economic and cultural values. The relationship between identification with the country and support for immigration and multiculturalism diverges sharply between the countries: where in Canada the relationship is positive, in the US it is negative.Résumé. Le lien entre l'identification à la nation et les préférences quant à l'immigration est un sujet de controverse. À travers une comparaison du Canada et des Etats-Unis, l'hypothèse que nous explorons ici est que le contenu normatif de l'identité nationale, c'est-à-dire le sens donné par la population au patriotisme envers leur pays, joue un rôle intermédiaire dans la relation entre la fierté nationale et les sentiments vis-à-vis l'immigration et le multiculturalisme. La façon dont les élites politiques construisent ce en quoi les citoyens devraient être fiers revêt donc une importance particulière. À titre comparatif, en se basant sur le « Module Identité Nationale » du International Social Survey Programme de 2003, les Canadiens semblent plus divisés que les Américains sur la signification de leur identité nationale et, de façon générale, sont moins chauvins. Les Canadiens sont également plus réceptifs à l'idée de maintenir l'immigration à son niveau actuel et voient les nouveaux arrivants comme étant moins menaçants pour leurs valeurs économiques et culturelles. La relation entre l'identification au pays et le support pour l'immigration et le multiculturalisme diverge nettement entre les deux pays. Alors qu'au Canada la relation est positive, aux Etats-Unis elle est négative.

scholarly journals Inclusive Normative Climates Strengthen the Relationship Between Identification With Europe and Tolerant Immigration Attitudes: Evidence From 22 Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 908-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Paolo Visintin ◽  
Eva G. T. Green ◽  
Oriane Sarrasin
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
Migrant Integration ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Social

Europe as a supranational entity is frequently associated to inclusive and cosmopolitan values, which explains why identification with Europe generally relates to tolerant attitudes toward immigrants. However, because of major immigration movements, Europe has recently gone through demographic and social changes that have challenged its values and identity. In this context, we argue that, because national immigrant integration policies convey social norms about how citizens should deal with issues related to immigration, policies should also shape the association between identification with Europe and attitudes toward immigrants. Indeed, tolerant, more so than intolerant, policies in a country lay the foundations for interpreting identification with Europe as an inclusive stance, and consequently should enhance the association between identification with Europe and reduced anti-immigrant attitudes. To investigate these associations, we conducted a cross-country multilevel analysis including 22 European countries from the 2013 International Social Survey Programme. As predicted, identification with Europe was associated to reduced anti-immigrant prejudice. Furthermore, this negative association was stronger in countries with more tolerant, inclusive policies (assessed by the Migrant Integration Policy Index [MIPEX]) compared with countries with more intolerant, exclusive policies. Results are discussed in light of the content of European identity and of different embodiments of social norms.

Attachment to God and Quest as Moderators of the Relationship between Religious Doubt and Mental Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 009164712199240
Author(s):  
Noah S. Love ◽  
Cassidy A. Merlo ◽  
M. Elizabeth Lewis Hall ◽  
Peter C. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Positive Mental Health ◽  
Attachment To God ◽  
Religious Doubt ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
The Relationship

The present study examined attachment to God and quest as potential moderators of the relationship between religious doubt and mental health. A sample of Christian participants ( N = 235) completed a survey which included measures of attachment to God, quest, religious doubt, and mental health. As hypothesized, attachment to God and quest significantly moderated an individual’s experience of religious doubt. Low avoidant attachment to God (i.e., a more secure attachment) was associated with a more negative relationship between cognitive religious doubt and positive mental health than high avoidant attachment. In contrast, low avoidant attachment to God also ameliorated the positive relationship between affective religious doubt and mental health problems. Low anxious attachment was associated with a stronger negative relationship between both measures of religious doubt (i.e., cognitive and affective) and positive mental health. In addition, high soft quest weakened all four of the relationships between measures of religious doubt and mental health. High hard quest ameliorated the positive relationship between both measures of religious doubt and mental health problems. These results indicate that an individual’s attachment to God and the way an individual is oriented toward religion each play a role in the mental health outcomes associated with religious doubt.

scholarly journals Green CSR Moderated by Public Visibility and Innovation Performance at Indonesia Companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rahmat Hidayat, Farah Margaretha Leon
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to analyze the green CSR  of innovation performance  with firms approval variables  and public visibility   can support moderating the relationship of green CSR  and innovation. The research sample was 33 manufacturing companies. The results showed that the  green CSR has a positive and significant effect on innovation . Also, the company approval variable has been proven to moderate the direction of a positive relationship between green CSR and innovation . The results also prove that public visibility is proven to moderate the direction of the negative relationship between green CSR and performance. This study provide information that shows great concern for the environment; it will increase the company in making changes through innovation activities. Also, the higher the company's approval and public visibility, the company will get support from various stakeholders to run the firms. The level of company concern for CSR activities will be a misjudgment for investors.

scholarly journals Inequality Perceptions, Preferences Conducive to Redistribution, and the Conditioning Role of Social Position

Societies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Fatke
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
International Social Survey Programme ◽  
The Social ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Perceptions Of Inequality ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Social

Inequality poses one of the biggest challenges of our time. It is not self-correcting in the sense that citizens demand more redistributive measures in light of rising inequality, which recent studies suggest may be due to the fact that citizens’ perceptions of inequality diverge from objective levels. Moreover, it is not the latter, but the former, which are related to preferences conducive to redistribution. However, the nascent literature on inequality perceptions has, so far, not accounted for the role of subjective position in society. The paper advances the argument that the relationship between inequality perceptions and preferences towards redistribution is conditional on the subjective position of respondents. To that end, I analyze comprehensive survey data on inequality perceptions from the social inequality module of the International Social Survey Programme (1992, 1999, and 2009). Results show that inequality perceptions are associated with preferences conducive to redistribution particularly among those perceive to be at the top of the social ladder. Gaining a better understanding of inequality perceptions contributes to comprehending the absence self-correcting inequality.

scholarly journals A Mathematical Modeling Approach to the Cort-Fitness Hypothesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F El Moustaid ◽  
S J Lane ◽  
I T Moore ◽  
L R Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
Field Endocrinology ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The Cort-Fitness Hypothesis has generated much interest from investigators integrating field endocrinology with evolutionary biology, ecology, and conservation. The hypothesis was developed to test the assumption that if glucocorticoid levels increase with environmental challenges and fitness decreases with environmental challenges, then there should be a negative relationship between baseline glucocorticoid levels and fitness. Indeed, studies across diverse taxa have found that the relationship between baseline glucocorticoid levels and fitness are not consistent: some studies show a positive relationship, others negative, and some show no correlation. Hence, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between baseline glucocorticoid levels, environmental challenges, and fitness is needed. We propose a mathematical model representing the links between baseline glucocorticoid levels, environmental challenges, and fitness. Our model describes how variation in the predictability and intensity of environmental challenges, reproductive strategies, and fitness metrics can all contribute to the variability observed in empirical tests of the Cort-Fitness Hypothesis. We provide qualitative results showing that much of the inconsistency in previous studies can be explained and we discuss how the model can be used to inform future Cort-Fitness studies.

scholarly journals Farmers’ perception of beneficial effects and limitations of vermicompost

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Md Shiduzzaman ◽  
Humyra Akhter ◽  
Mohammad Bashir Ahmed ◽  
Md Matiul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Scale Data

Vermicompost is very useful manure which is becoming popular day by day. However, its perception by the farmers is not yet assessed in the southwestern region of Bangladesh. The main objectives of this study were to determine the farmers’ perception of beneficial effects and limitations of vermicompost and to explore the relationship between selected characteristics of the farmers’ and their perception of beneficial effects and limitations of vermicompost. Data were collected using an interview schedule from randomly selected 60 respondents. Locale was three villages namely Lokhpur, Bollokhpur and Vobna under Fakirhat upazila of Bagerhat district. Faceto- face interview was conducted during 7 to 29 May, 2016. Farmers’ perception regarding the beneficial effects and limitations of vermicompost was measured using 5- point Likert type scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and farmers’ perception index was calculated. Majority (66.7 percent) of the respondents had moderate perception while 18.3 percent and 15 percent of them had less and high perception, respectively, on the beneficial effects and limitations of vermicompost. Among seven selected characteristics of the respondents, age showed a significant negative relationship with their perception of beneficial effects and limitations of vermicompost while training experience of the respondents showed a significant positive relationship with their overall perception. Thus, arrangement of training could pave the way of high perception of beneficial effects and limitations of vermicompost.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(1): 19-25, April 2018

Parolee–Parole Officer Rapport: Does It Impact Recidivism?

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 3581-3602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa W. Chamberlain ◽  
Matthew Gricius ◽  
Danielle M. Wallace ◽  
Diana Borjas ◽  
Vincent M. Ware
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Violent Offender ◽  
Parole Officer ◽  
Officer Training ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Parole Officers ◽  
It Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Parole officers are an integral part of parolees’ reentry process and success. Few studies, however, have examined whether the quality of the relationship between parolees and their parole officer influences outcomes such as recidivism. This study assesses how recidivism is affected by the quality of the relationship that parolees have with their parole officers. Using the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) dataset, we use parolees’ perceptions of their relationship with their parole officer to determine whether they have established a positive or negative relationship, and whether these types of relationships differentially affect recidivism. Results show that parolees who have a negative relationship with their parole officer have higher rates of recidivism, while a positive relationship lowers parolees’ likelihood of recidivating. An implication of this study emphasizes parole officer training that develops positive, high-quality relationships with parolees. Further implications are discussed below.

Democratic Resource or Democratic Threat? Profiles of Critical and Uncritical Citizens in Comparative Perspective

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Geissel
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Common ◽  
Democratic Stability ◽  
Citizens Attitudes ◽  
Critical Citizens ◽  
International Social

AbstractWhy are some countries democratic and democratize continuously, while others stagnate? According to theories on political culture, citizens' attitudes are crucial elements. In this context the discussion on critical citizens is gaining prominence: Critical citizens are regarded as a threat to democratic stability or as promoter for democratic reforms. Based on the International Social Survey data (2004), I will contribute some empirical evidence to this controversy. In addition to the common equating of criticism with discontentment, I will also include the normative disposition of “critical” attentiveness. Bivariate and multivariate analyses show that contentment, praised in previous research, or discontentment, as suggested by recent studies, are not the decisive attitudes. It is the political attentiveness which promotes democracies.

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