Financial Aspects of Life Cycle Arrangements from a Long-Term Point of View: ‘Social Risks’ and Social Security in Old Age

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winfried Schmähl
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Risks

scholarly journals The Impact of International Social Security Standards on Formalization of Social Risks in National Legislation

2017 ◽  
pp. 97-105
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The Self ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Security Standards ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the international standards of social security from the position of stipulation of social risks in them. On the basis of the state self-limitation theory, the author concludes that there exists a process of self-limitation in the field of social security. By ratification of international treaties establishing standards in the field of social security, a state limits itself. Thereby the state makes a commitment to support its citizens in prevention, overcoming, and compensation of social risks. It demands from the state to formalize the social risks in the national legislation. It is proved that formalization of social risks in national legislation is an inner aspect of the self-limitation process in the field of social security. Some social risks might be also stipulated in international documents, in particular, in the UN and the International Labour Organization instruments. Both internal and external aspects of the self-limitation process in the field of social security are in close interrelation. At the same time, implementation of certain international standards entails significant financial and organizational budget expenditures, therefore such standards can be implemented in part. From the author’s point of view, it is the internal aspect of self-limitation that serves as a guarantee from arbitrariness of a legislator in formalization of social risks.

scholarly journals Long Term Bereavement Processes of Older Parents: The Three Phases of Grief

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Malkinson ◽  
Liora Bar-Tur
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
Grieving Process ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Bereaved Parents ◽  
Extensive Information ◽  
Living Children

This study is based upon personal interviews with 47 elderly bereaved parents. These interviews provided us with detailed and extensive information on the bereavement processes that parents experience over a long period of years. From an in-depth content analysis of the interviews and the way the parents described bereavement, it seems that it is a central motif in their lives affecting their relationships with each other, with the living children, with friends, at work and with others. Although enduring grief along the life cycle is an un-patterned process with emotional and cognitive ups and downs, involving a continuous search for a meaning to life, we observed a development in this process throughout the years. As we proposed in a previous study (Malkinson & Bar-Tur, 2000) there are three main identifiable phases in the bereavement process: the immediate, acute phase; grief through the years until aging; and bereavement in old age. We propose to refer to them as the three main phases in the development of parental grieving process and name them “young grief,” “mature grief,” and “aging grief.”

scholarly journals PENERAPAN MODEL ARIMA UNTUK PERAMALAN JUMLAH KLAIM PROGRAM JAMINAN HARI TUA PADA BPJS KETENAGAKERJAAN KOTA LANGSA

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-500
Author(s):  
Fazrina Saumi ◽  
Rizki Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Satisfaction Level ◽  
Social Security Programs ◽  
Q Model

Social Security (BPJS Ketenagakerjaan) in Langsa is a Public Legal established to organize social security programs for workers. The program is managed by PT. JAMSOSTEK with 4 programs one of which is JHT (Jaminan Hari Tua / Old Age Protection). JHT program is a long-term program that is given periodically at once before participant enter retirment. This research aims to increase the number of claims of  BPJS Ketenagakerjaan participants in JHT program with ARIMA model, through the forecast BPJS can increase service with the number of claims from year to year so that the satisfaction level of JHT program participants is guaranteed. Data processing uses MINITAB 18 software with data stationary initial steps, tentavie model identically (p,d,q) model parameter estimation, diagnostic test, and last model used for forecasting. The ARIMA model obtained is ARIMA (4, 1, 2) with a MAPE value of 6.87% which shows excellent forecasting results. The result forecast the number of JHT program claims in BPJS Ketenagakerjaan period August 2019 to December 2019 as may as 444, 403, 419, 336, 404 people, respectively. Based on the results of the forecast, especially that the number of JHT program claims fluctuated, this indicates that BJPS Ketenagakerjaan in Langsa needs to increase the equivalent service for the JHT program.

Fixing Social Security: Major Reform or Minor Repairs?

2019 ◽  
Vol 686 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-62
Author(s):  
Gary Burtless
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Disability Insurance ◽  
Voter Preferences ◽  
Reform Strategy ◽  
Reform Plan ◽  
The Social ◽  
Major Reform ◽  
Congressional Action

Without congressional action, the Social Security reserve fund will be exhausted by 2035. When that occurs, benefit payments must be cut by one-fifth. To avoid that outcome, Congress must agree on a reform plan that boosts revenues, cuts pensions, or does both. The choice of a reform strategy should depend on voters’ support for the goals of the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program and evidence about the program’s effectiveness in achieving those goals. This article explains the aims of the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) program, briefly describes how the program attempts to achieve those aims, and considers evidence on whether the goals have been achieved and at what cost. It then considers alternative reforms that address OASI’s main problem, namely, the long-term shortfall in program revenues compared with pension commitments. It concludes by identifying the reforms that seem best suited to achieving OASI’s core aims while conforming to voter preferences.

Tackling Long-Term Budget Deficits in an Aging Society

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Chim Richard Wong
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Budget Deficits ◽  
The Public ◽  
Aging Society ◽  
Social Pension ◽  
The Social ◽  
Old Age Poverty ◽  
To Come

The aging of Hong Kong’s population is a rapidly approaching, multifaceted challenge that will be around for many decades to come. Unfortunately, the public sees this problem solely as one of poverty and social security. The social welfare lobby has successfully branded aging as a poverty issue that requires welfare support. Politicians and their allied social advocates and lobbyists often use old age poverty as the raison d’être to support the introduction of a universal old age social pension, which confuses aging with poverty.

scholarly journals Access to Social Protection by Immigrants, Emigrants and Resident Nationals in Switzerland

2020 ◽  
pp. 335-346
Author(s):  
Bettina Kahil-Wolff Hummer
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The People ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Swiss Law

AbstractFrom a Swiss perspective, migration and transnational social protection is a subject of great importance because more than 30% of all the people working in Switzerland are migrants. This chapter shows that the Swiss social security provides protection for nationals and non-nationals, by granting access to health care and compensating the loss of income due to old age, disability, accidents, unemployment and other social risks. In some areas, the Swiss law contains rules that require domicile in Switzerland or Swiss citizenship, but for a majority of migrants, international agreements as well as EU Regulation n° 883/2004 waive such rules.

scholarly journals LA SEGURIDAD SOCIAL DEL CICLO DE VIDA (UNA CUALIDAD POR REFORZAR).

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-222
Author(s):  
Luis Eduardo Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Family Allowances

Social security needs to anchor its purposes in the life cycle. Its application in social security would make it possible to identify gender problems and conceive, from family allowances, an arc of protection before birth, reconciling the productive period with old age and ensuring the sustainability of pension funds. The coverage of the atypical and informal population could also be increased, because the life cycle, as a methodology and strategy of analysis, equalizes opportunities from before birth.

scholarly journals Life insurance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
József Banyár
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
English Version

Why should I read this? Because it is worth to know the logical struchrre of the solutions (and the solutions themselfs) make the long term plamring of the life cycle possible. Because you can know the matematical models behind one of the most bigger financial sector. Because you can recognize the functions and working of the life assurances from Lhe all slakeholders' ( consumers', intermediaries', providers' and regulators') point of view. This book is English version of the second edition of the Hungarian textbook. lt tries to provide a comprehensive pichrre on the aims and working of the life assurances including the traditional mathematical considerations and connections which are making possible the premium and reserve calculation.

Selective statistical estimates of multi-year monthly concentrations of biogenous pollution of small rivers of the Northwest zone of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Sergey Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Statistical Estimates ◽  
Scientific Task ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The management of surface watercourses is an urgent scientific task. The article presents the results of statistical processing of long-term monthly data of field observations of hydrological and hydrochemical parameters along the Upper Yerga small river in the Vologda region. Sampling estimates of statistical parameters are obtained, autocorrelation and correlation analyzes are performed. The limiting periods from the point of view of pollution for water receivers receiving wastewater from drained agricultural areas are identified.

Masonry: the brittle or plastic material?

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Material ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformations ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Creep Deformations ◽  
Structural Point

The results of experimental studies of masonry on the action of dynamic and static (short-term and long-term) loads are presented. The possibility of plastic deformations in the masonry is analyzed for different types of force effects. The falsity of the proposed approach to the estimation of the coefficient of plasticity of masonry, taking into account the ratio of elastic and total deformations of the masonry is noted. The study of the works of Soviet scientists revealed that the masonry under the action of seismic loads refers to brittle materials in the complete absence of plastic properties in it in the process of instantaneous application of forces. For the cases of uniaxial and plane stress states of the masonry, data on the coefficient of plasticity obtained from the experiment are presented. On the basis of experimental studies the influence of the strength of the so-called base materials (brick, mortar) on the bearing capacity of the masonry, regardless of the nature of the application of forces and the type of its stress state, is noted. The analysis of works of prof. S. V. Polyakov makes it possible to draw a conclusion that at the long application of the load, characteristic for the masonry are not plastic deformations, but creep deformations. It is shown that the proposals of some authors on the need to reduce the level of adhesion of the mortar to the brick for the masonry erected in earthquake-prone regions in order to improve its plastic properties are erroneous both from the structural point of view and from the point of view of ensuring the seismic resistance of structures. It is noted that the proposal to assess the plasticity of the masonry of ceramic brick walls and large-format ceramic stone with a voidness of more than 20% is incorrect, and does not meet the work of the masonry of hollow material. On the basis of the analysis of a large number of research works it is concluded about the fragile work of masonry.

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