scholarly journals School- and class-level variation in self-harm, suicide ideation and suicide attempts in Danish high schools

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica S.C. Pisinger ◽  
Keith Hawton ◽  
Janne S. Tolstrup
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
School Level ◽  
School Students ◽  
Class Level ◽  
Suicide Behaviour ◽  
Self Harm

Aim: Strong associations have been found between being exposed to self-harm in family and friends and own self-harm in adolescence. Therefore, self-harm and suicide behaviour might tend to cluster within school and school classes. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, frequency and type of self-harm, suicide ideation and suicide attempts within Danish high schools and to test whether self-harm and suicide behaviour cluster in schools and school classes. Methods: Data came from the Danish National Youth Study 2014, a national survey. The respective study included 66,284 high-school students nested in 117 schools and 3146 school classes. The prevalence and clustering of self-harm behaviour, ever and within the last year, type of self-harm (e.g. cutting, burning, scratching and hitting) and suicide ideation and suicide attempts were investigated. Multi-level logistic regression was applied to quantify clustering among participants within the same class and school. Results: In total, 12,960 (20%) reported self-harm ever and 5706 (8.6%) within the last year. Prevalence was higher among girls than boys. Among girls, cutting (15%) and scratching (13%) was the most common type of self-harm, whereas among boys, hitting (6.7%) was most prevalent. The degree of clustering of self-harm and suicide behaviour was low, with school-level intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) ranging from 0.8–1.8% and school class level ICC’s from 4.3–6.8%. Conclusions: This study shows that self-harm was common, especially in girls. The degree of clustering of self-harm and suicide behaviour in school and school classes was low.

Higher Education Policy as Secondary School Reform: Texas Public High Schools After Hopwood

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thurston Domina
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Higher Education Policy ◽  
School Level ◽  
Public High Schools ◽  
High School Level ◽  
School Students ◽  
Higher Education Policies

The higher education diversity programs that Texas enacted after Hopwood v. University of Texas banned affirmative action had unexpected positive consequences for the state’s high schools. The Texas top 10% law, the Longhorn Opportunity Scholarship and Century Scholarship programs, and the Towards Excellence, Access and Success Grant program each explicitly linked postsecondary opportunities to high school performance and clearly articulated that link to students across the state. As a result, these programs worked as K–16 school reforms, using college opportunities as incentives to improve educational outcomes at the high school level. Using panel data describing Texas high schools between 1993 and 2002, the author demonstrates that Texas’s post- Hopwood higher education policies redistributed college-related activity at public high schools and boosted high school students’ academic engagement.

Suicide Attempts Among 1,437 Adolescents Aged 12–17 Years Attending Junior High Schools in Ghana

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Nii-Boye Quarshie ◽  
Johnny Andoh-Arthur
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Adolescent Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Junior High Schools ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
School Students ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
And Gender

Abstract. Background: Emerging research on suicidal behaviors among adolescents in Ghana has been conducted mainly among senior high school students. Aims: We aimed to estimate the 12-month prevalence of suicide attempts and describe some of the general and gender-specific associated factors among adolescents attending junior high schools (JHSs) in Ghana. Method: We analyzed data from the 2012 Ghana Global School-Based Student Health Survey. The sample consisted of 1,437 adolescents aged 12–17 years. We performed bivariate and multivariable analyses to assess the associations between 12-month suicide attempts and some psychosocial factors. Results: The overall 12-month prevalence estimate of suicide attempts was 27.6%, with comparable estimates between males (26.4%) and females (28.8%). In the final adjusted multivariable models, bullying victimization (AOR = 2.57; 95% CI = 1.53, 4.31), alcohol use (AOR = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.10, 3.41), and having no close friends (AOR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.17, 0.75) were associated with increased odds of suicide attempts among males, whereas anxiety (AOR = 2.57; 95% CI = 1.54, 4.29) and being sexually active (AOR = 2.42; 95% CI = 1.25, 4.68) were associated with increased odds of suicide attempts in females. Limitations: The correlational nature of this study did not allow for causal inferences. Conclusion: The study underscores adolescent suicide attempts as a public health concern in Ghana.

A Systematic Review of Tier 1 PBIS Implementation in High Schools

2020 ◽  
pp. 109830072092968
Author(s):  
Sara Estrapala ◽  
Ashley Rila ◽  
Allison Leigh Bruhn
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
School Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High School Level ◽  
School Students ◽  
Tier 1

An emerging body of research shows Tier 1 Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) can be successfully implemented in high schools to improve school climate and graduation rates and reduce problem behaviors. However, high schools are often hesitant to adopt PBIS because of contextual barriers such as school size, organizational culture, and student developmental level. Resistance to high school implementation is also related to teachers perceiving PBIS as less socially valid for high school students. Although previous systematic reviews of Tier 1 have examined implementation and effects, none have exclusively focused on the unique contextual needs related to high school implementation. In this review, we synthesized 16 published research studies conducted at the high school level, described how authors addressed the unique challenges of implementing PBIS in high schools, reported findings related to academic and behavioral outcomes, and made recommendations for future research and practice based on our findings.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Bullying in Four Rural Middle and High Schools

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jody Isernhagen ◽  
Sandra Harris
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Middle School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Rural School ◽  
School Level ◽  
High School Level ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
School Settings

Bullying in rural school settings is clearly a problem and some of our students are suffering as a result.. Bullying is defined in this study of 819 rural middle and high school students as when a student is exposed repeatedly to negative actions by one or more other students. Students responded to a questionnaire about how often and where bullying occurred and who students told. Analysis of the data reported frequencies, and the Pearson chi-square was used to test for significance (p <.05) for gender and school level. Results indicated that while there are many similarities, there are some differences in bullying at these two levels that should be considered when reducing bullying. First, students should be encouraged to develop positive strategies to react to name calling and teasing particularly at the middle school level. Second, administrators and teachers must communicate better with students that they care about reducing bullying, especially at the high school level.  

Daily Physical Activity Behavior Patterns of Hispanic Adolescents in Puerto Rico

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1212-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Vigo-Valentín ◽  
Kimberly A. Bush ◽  
Samuel R. Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
High School Students ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
School Level ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Hispanic Adolescents ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
School Students

Background:There is limited evidence on physical activity patterns among Hispanic adolescents in Puerto Rico. This restricts opportunities to implement effective interventions and policies to increase physical activity in schools. The purpose of this study was to examine the physical activity behaviors of adolescents attending middle and high schools in Puerto Rico based on a compendium of moderate to vigorous physical activities including walking, jogging or running, bicycling, sports and more. A secondary purpose was to examine group differences as a function of gender and school level.Method:A cross-sectional survey research design was used. Students (N = 637) attending public middle and high schools completed a Visual 7-Day Physical Activity Recall survey. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted to describe the sample and to determine group differences.Results:Puerto Rican adolescents’ levels of physical activity decreased throughout the week. Only a small proportion of them reached at least 60 minutes everyday of the week. Differences were found between middle and high school students’ daily and weekly participation in physical activities.Conclusions:Most adolescents do not engage in sufficient physical activity.Implications:Implications of the results are discussed and recommendations are articulated for policy makers, educators, and other professionals.

scholarly journals The issue of alcohol abuse among the youth – students of Lublin schools

2016 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
Piotr Książek ◽  
Piotr Dreher ◽  
Sylwia Dreher ◽  
Anna Jurek ◽  
Agnieszka Budzyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Young People ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
School Level ◽  
School Students ◽  
Home Life ◽  
At Home

Abstract Introduction. Alcohol abuse among the youth is a pressing social issue. It is not only related to one’s individual susceptibility to risky or harmful drinking but also the issue of one’s family living with the individual that abuses alcohol. It needs emphasizing that alcohol consumption is on the rise and the age at which young people have their first alcoholic drink is declining as well. Also, girls tend to drink as much as boys. Aim. The aim of this work was to investigate the issue of alcohol abuse among young people of school age and the relationship between the following variables: school educational level, sex, satisfaction with home life and drinking patterns. Material and methods. The authors interviewed some 1444 students of 32 schools (12 elementary schools, 10 junior high schools and 10 high schools) chosen at random, using an anonymous questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed statistically, taking the following factors into consideration: sex, school level, atmosphere at home. Results and conclusions. One’s sex, school level and satisfaction with home life had influence over the respondents’ answers concerning alcohol consumption. The research study shows that students of schools at all levels drink alcohol - high school students drink vodka, junior high school students (gimnazjum in Polish) prefer beer, while elementary school students, who tend to drink the least, prefer wine. Interestingly enough, boys are drinking more than girls, yet girls are more likely to try all types of alcohol. Children who reported good atmosphere at home are less likely to drink, while in case of troubled homes, only every eighth respondent does not drink. The atmosphere at home also affects one’s drinking habits. Most of the respondents have no idea about ways of helping people addicted to alcohol.

Understanding Suicide in the School Context

2018 ◽  
pp. 109-131
Author(s):  
Ron Avi Astor ◽  
Rami Benbenishty
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
School Context ◽  
School Experiences ◽  
School Level ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Social ◽  
Contextual Characteristics

This chapter examines the relationships between suicide ideations and behaviors and school victimization, bullying, and school climate. The chapter reviews the evidence on the prevalence of suicide among youth and its relationships with peer victimization and identifies gaps in knowledge. The chapter suggests that the social context and the climate of the school are moderating the relationships between bullying and suicide. Despite the importance of school experiences for adolescents, only a few studies have attempted to conceptualize and empirically investigate the relationships between school-level contextual characteristics and suicidal ideation. Based on the model of school violence and bullying in context, the chapter presents a study of suicide ideation among high school students in California. The study examined student-level, school-level, and cross-level interactions predicting suicide ideation. The chapter discusses the implications of the findings for a public health approach to the prevention of students suicide ideation.

Psychometric Evidence of SRSS-IE Scores in Middle and High Schools

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Lynne Lane ◽  
Wendy Peia Oakes ◽  
Emily D. Cantwell ◽  
Holly Mariah Menzies ◽  
Christopher Schatschneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Peer Rejection ◽  
Internalizing Behavior ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
School Level ◽  
School Students ◽  
Risk Screening ◽  
Student Risk ◽  
Screening Scale

We report results of an exploratory validation study of the Student Risk Screening Scale–Internalizing and Externalizing (SRSS-IE) applied with the first sample of middle and high school students from nine middle and three high schools from three states. The Student Risk Screening Scale (SRSS) was modified to broaden the scope of this user-friendly systematic screening tool to detect secondary-age students with internalizing behavior patterns. Building on initial evidence establishing reliability and validity of the SRSS-IE at the middle school level, we used classical test theory to explore reliability of SRSS-IE spring screening scores for use with sixth- through 12th-grade students. Specifically, we analyzed item-level data, internal consistency estimates, and factor structure using exploratory factor analysis. Results suggested five of the seven proposed items be retained, yielding the SRSS-IE12. Peer rejection (one of the originally developed items by Drummond) loaded on the internalizing construct, providing preliminary evidence suggesting two factors: SRSS-E7 (the original tool) and SRSS-I6 for use with secondary students, with peer rejection loading on both subscales but only added once when formulating the total score (SRSS-IE12). We present limitations and direction for future inquiry.

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