scholarly journals Measuring a Breathing Wall's effectiveness and dynamic behaviour

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Alongi ◽  
Adriana Angelotti ◽  
Livio Mazzarella
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Airflow Velocity ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Breathing Walls are building structures based on porous materials crossed by an airflow, which act both as building envelopes and ventilation system components. In climates where both heating and cooling are needed, a pro-flux configuration (heat and air mass both flowing in the same direction) might be alternated with a contra-flux configuration (heat and air mass flowing in opposite directions) during the year or even on a day. Understanding and modelling the Breathing Walls' stationary and dynamic behaviour is thus fundamental, in order to optimize their design and to fully exploit their energy-saving potential. In this experimental study, a small-scale no-fines concrete Breathing Wall was investigated. The steady-state contra-flux tests performed in a Dual Air-Vented Thermal Box laboratory apparatus were used to derive the heat recovery efficiency of the sample as a function of the cross airflow velocity. The effectiveness of this technology was then evaluated in a virtual case study. An optimal airflow velocity across the Breathing Wall was found, leading to energy savings between 9% and 14%. Dynamic tests were performed assuming a sinusoidal variation of the operative temperature on one side of the sample. They showed how airflow velocity affected the Breathing Wall inertia and dynamic behaviour.

scholarly journals CASE STUDY OF ENERGY CONSERVATION IN INDUSTRY BY APPLICATION OF LEAN TOOLS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.Sujith Prasanna ◽  
Dr.J.Nagesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
Lean Tools

Energy cost is significant in many of the manufacturing activities. The efficiency of energy use is quiet low as there are substantial visible and hidden losses. Visible losses can be easily identified and corrective action can be taken. However hidden and indirect losses form a sizeable portion of the losses. Identifying these losses is not easy and requires an integrated approach which includes thorough study of process, operations and their interactions with energy use. Industries across sectors have implemented lean management principles which target various wastes occurring in the plant. This paper discusses case studies which highlight the exploitation of lean tools as a means for unearthing hidden energy saving potential that often go unnoticed. In addition to the energy savings which results in improved profits and competitiveness, the approach also aids the industry to pursue a path of sustainable manufacturing.

scholarly journals Demand Control Strategies of a PCM Enhanced Ventilation System for Residential Buildings

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4336
Author(s):  
Yue Hu ◽  
Per Kvols Heiselberg ◽  
Tine Steen Larsen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
Demand Control

A ventilated window system enhanced by phase change material (PCM) has been developed, and its energy-saving potential examined in previous works. In this paper, the ventilation control strategies are further developed, to improve the energy-saving potential of the PCM energy storage. The influence of ventilation airflow rate on the energy-saving potential of the PCM storage is firstly studied based on an EnergyPlus model of a sustainable low energy house located in New York. It shows that in summer, the optimized ventilation airflow rate is 300 m3/h. The energy-saving of utilizing a ventilated window with PCM energy storage is 10.1% compared to using a stand-alone ventilated window, and 12.0% compared to using a standard window. In winter, the optimized ventilation airflow rate is 102 m3/h. The energy-saving of utilizing a ventilated window with PCM energy storage is 26.6% compared to using a stand-alone ventilated window, and 32.8% compared to using a standard window. Based on the optimized ventilation airflow rate, a demand control ventilation strategy, which personalizes the air supply and heat pump setting based on the demand of each room, is proposed and its energy-saving potential examined. The results show that the energy savings of using demand control compared to a constant ventilation airflow rate in the house is 14.7% in summer and 30.4% in winter.

scholarly journals Benefits of urban greenery: a case study for Buenos Aires city

Heringeriana ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Ana Faggi ◽  
Fernando Seoane ◽  
Patricia Perelman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Street Trees ◽  
City Environment ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Urban Greenery ◽  
Urban Planning And Management

Although in Buenos Aires urban trees are very much appreciated and it is widely acknowledged that they perform an important function in the city environment, there are no empirical studies about their role as both carbon di oxide sinks and householdenergy consumption savers. In the present paper we present the results of calculating both the gross and net carbon sequestration, and the heating and cooling emission savings made through: tree shade, evapotranspiration and wind shielding for a sample of 15,856 street trees: The total net amount of C02 emissions from energy generation projected to be saved by the sampled trees in the next 40 years is estimated at 14,754 tonnes, and it will account for 25.8% of the total amount of C02 sequestered. The maximum net co2 savings will be achieved in 16 to 20 years (2018- 2022), followed by a decrease due to the increase of co2 releases by biomass decay and tree maintenance. The extrapolation of our results to the whole city shows that street trees can store half of the co2 emisssions produced by municipal solid waste. For Buenos Aires, a city with high rates of C02 storage per tree, energy savings and C02 sequestration are important features to be considered in urban planning and management.

scholarly journals Utilising Unused Energy Resources for Sustainable Heating and Cooling System in Buildings: A Case Study of Geothermal Energy and Water Sources in a University

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwon Park ◽  
Seiyong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Actual Use

Recently, Korea has become increasingly interested in unused, but possibly useful energy resources, due to the world-wide controversy over nuclear power and limitations in renewable energy production. Among these unused resources, the water that is produced in our surroundings is available as a potential energy source for heating, cooling and domestic hot water. This water is relatively stable on the supply side, available as a high-efficiency source in all seasons, and is continuously replenished without polluting the environment. This paper analyses the energy savings generated based on the actual use of a sustainable heating and cooling system that operates using the water escaping from a nearby building. The results indicate the value of protecting the environment as well as reducing energy consumption and associated costs.

scholarly journals Self-Agglomeration in Fluidised Beds after Spray Drying

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
John J. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Shaozong Wu ◽  
Kevin Cronin ◽  
Song Miao
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Fluidised Beds

Many powders are produced in spray-drying processes from liquid concentrates. Self-agglomeration can be performed in a fluidised bed where the spray-dried powder is agglomerated using the liquid concentrate as the binder material. This has advantages over traditional wet agglomeration in fluid beds using liquid binders (such as water or sugar solutions). These include thermal energy savings and no additional non-aqueous binder components added. The work presented has two parts. The first part is experimental, which investigated the self-agglomeration of whey protein isolate (WPI) powder as a case-study. It showed that satisfactory agglomeration was achieved with a great improvement in the wettability of the powder. The second part of the work performed thermal energy analysis to estimate the energy saving potential of self-agglomeration, and how this is influenced by binder to powder ratio and binder solids concentration. For the WPI case-study, the analysis showed there is potential for a 19% saving in thermal energy requirement for self-agglomeration in comparison to traditional agglomeration using a water binder.

A Case Study of Energy Saving by CCHP Technology in a Hospital

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Public Network ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Demands

This paper describes a study that starts with an analysis of typical energy demand profiles in a hospital setting followed by a case study of a CCHP system. The CCHP idea is of an autonomous system for the combined generation of electrical, heating, and cooling energy in a hospital. The driving units are two high-efficiency gas engines that produce the electrical and heat energy. A gas engine meets the requirement for high electrical and heating energy demands; a natural gas-fuelled reciprocating engine is used to generate 735 kW of power. In our case, the electrical energy was used only in the hospital. A deficit in electricity can be covered by purchasing power from the public network. Generated steam drives three steam-fired absorption chillers and is delivered to individual heat consumers. This system can provide simultaneous heating and cooling. No technical obstacles were identified for implementing the CCHP. The typical patterns for driving units of CCHP were decided by the hourly energy demands in several seasons throughout the year. The average ratio between electric and thermal loads in the hospital is suitable for CCHP system operation. An analysis performed for a non-optimized CCHP system predicted a large potential for energy savings and CO2 reduction.

A Case Study of Energy Saving by Cogeneration System in Hospital

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Public Network ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Cogeneration System

This paper describes a study that starts with an analysis of typical energy demand profiles in a hospital setting followed by a case study of a cogeneration system (CGS) under an energy service company (ESCO) project. The CGS idea is of an autonomous system for the combined generation of electrical, heating, and cooling energy in a hospital. The driving units are two high-efficiency gas engines that produce the electrical and heat energy. A gas engine meets the requirement for high electrical and heating energy demands; a natural gas-fuelled reciprocating engine is used to generate 735 kW of power. In our case, the electrical energy will be used only in the hospital. A deficit in electricity can be covered by purchasing power from the public network. Generated steam drives three steam-fired absorption chillers and is delivered to individual heat consumers. This system can provide simultaneous heating and cooling. No technical obstacles were identified for implementing the CGS. The average ratio between electric and thermal loads in the hospital is suitable for CGS system operation. An analysis performed for a non-optimized CGS system predicted a large potential for energy savings.

Additive manufacturing applied to injection moulding: technical and economic impact

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1241-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Vasco ◽  
F.M. Barreiros ◽  
Andreia Nabais ◽  
Nilza Reis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Cycle Time ◽  
Injection Moulding ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Conformal Cooling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Systematic Methodology

Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare the overall performance of the injection moulding process by using metallic inserts produced by both conventional technologies and selective laser melting (SLM). Design/methodology/approach A systematic methodology is proposed for prior evaluation of the effectiveness of conformal cooling channels to reduce cycle time and/or to reduce the scrap rate. Findings The mould was reengineered considering the SLM process and manufactured. Injection trials were carried out to validate expectations provided by injection simulations, which resulted on good quality parts and a significant decrease on cooling time, and, consequently, on the overall cycle time. The minimisation of scrap provided energy savings and time-to-market reduction. Research limitations/implications The initial costs for AM tools still pose some doubts on decision-makers. The challenge of this study is to implement the methodology on a small-scale production and still ensure that benefits are achieved. Practical implications The case study selected for this research work is based on a parking sensor housing, which is a plastic part assembled on the vehicle’s front and rear bumpers, therefore, with aesthetics concerns. The part produced with the conventional mould exhibits surface defects that, to be minimised (not eliminated), require a longer packing time to diminish the sink marks. Social implications The economic impact of the use of SLM is relevant despite the low batch size for the case study presented. Energy savings are achieved due to scrap reduction and shorter cycle time. Originality/value The systematic methodology proposed for prior evaluation of the advantages of conformal cooling is possible to be applied both on small scale and high production series.

Analysis and Comparison of Performance of Two Small-Scale Trigeneration Plants: An ICE With a Liquid Desiccant Cooling System and a MGT With an Absorption Chiller

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Badami ◽  
Armando Portoraro ◽  
Giuseppe Ruscica
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Internal Cooling ◽  
Absorption Chiller ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Two natural gas small-scale trigeneration plants are presented in the paper. Both plants are going to be started-up at the Politecnico di Torino (Turin, Italy) and are part of a new cogeneration and trigeneration systems laboratory, which is going to be setup and exploited for scientific and technical purposes. The first plant has 126/220/210 kW electrical, heating and cooling capacities, respectively, and is characterized by an innovative internal combustion engine that has been coupled to a liquid LiCl-water desiccant cooling system, which provides cooled and dehumidified air to a classroom building. The other plant has 100/145/98 kW electrical, heating and cooling capacities and is composed of a natural gas micro gas turbine, coupled to a LiBr-Water absorption chiller, which provides cooled water to the internal cooling grid at the Politecnico. The paper has the aim of comparing the performances of the two plants from an energetic and economic point of view; the Primary Energy Savings are calculated through different methodologies reported in literature for both installations, and the results are compared and discussed. A comparison of the economic performance offered by the two plants is also reported, together with a sensitivity analysis on the influence of subsidies foreseen by Italian Legislation on economic profitability.

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