Relocating the frame of reference for studying play: Reflections from fieldwork in Chinese rural preschools

2021 ◽  
pp. 146394912110587
Author(s):  
Yeh Hsueh ◽  
Tenglong Liu ◽  
Taylor Mule’
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Knowledge Structure ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Frame Of Reference

Western play theories and practices have had a dominant role in creating China's current discursive condition for preschool play. They are also essential to current knowledge production about play. However, this dominance tends to be transferred into rural preschools, which have recently mushroomed and demanded play activities. The authors reflect on their own experience in conducting an ethnographic study of China's rural preschools to propose that the notion of “Asia as method” can help to reconceptualize play theories and practices in China. The authors also envision their study as an effort to relocate the frame of reference of play to transform the existing knowledge structure about play while transforming themselves in studying play in Chinese rural preschools.

scholarly journals Writing and exhibiting a ‘live’ and convivial sociology: Portraiture and women’s lived experiences of a French suburb

2021 ◽  
pp. 003802612110097
Author(s):  
Magali Peyrefitte
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Sociological Imagination ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Personal Project ◽  
Academic Communication ◽  
Opening Up

Embracing the manifesto for a ‘live’ sociology, I included portraiture into the research design of an ethnographic study into women’s lived experiences of French suburbia and organised an exhibition entitled Habitantes d’Hier and d’Aujourd’hui: exposition sociologique et photographique. This was a personal project in the neighbourhood of my youth and was motivated by the intention to shine some light on the invisible stories of women living in lower-middle and middle-income suburbs in France. In this article, I reflect on the use of portraiture for the possibility it offers in capturing the ethnographic encounter as well as in giving saliency and offering a visual representation of the sociological analysis. I also discuss the exhibition of these portraits as a moment of conviviality grounded in the endeavour of writing differently from hegemonic modes of academic communication and dissemination allowing for a sharing and sharpening of the sociological imagination. It represents an opportunity to think beyond some of the more neoliberal imperatives that govern academia today and shape our sociological craft. I argue for the value of creating a moment of conviviality, that is a space challenging modes of dissemination, engagement and even impact to some extent, as well as modes of knowledge production: broadly opening up more possibilities for a truly public sociology to continue to exist.

scholarly journals Survey of Emotions in Human–Robot Interactions: Perspectives from Robotic Psychology on 20 Years of Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Stock-Homburg
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Artificial Emotions ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Research Domain

AbstractKnowledge production within the interdisciplinary field of human–robot interaction (HRI) with social robots has accelerated, despite the continued fragmentation of the research domain. Together, these features make it hard to remain at the forefront of research or assess the collective evidence pertaining to specific areas, such as the role of emotions in HRI. This systematic review of state-of-the-art research into humans’ recognition and responses to artificial emotions of social robots during HRI encompasses the years 2000–2020. In accordance with a stimulus–organism–response framework, the review advances robotic psychology by revealing current knowledge about (1) the generation of artificial robotic emotions (stimulus), (2) human recognition of robotic artificial emotions (organism), and (3) human responses to robotic emotions (response), as well as (4) other contingencies that affect emotions as moderators.

“Ask Me and I Will Tell You”: Gifted Boys’ Perceptions of Self and School

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Jessica Watts
Keyword(s):  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Classroom Behaviors ◽  
Academic Needs ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Academic Abilities ◽  
Self Perceptions

Using the Frame of Reference lens developed by Marsh, this article explains how elementary-age gifted boys construct their self-perceptions as learners by comparing their academic abilities with those of their peers. Understanding giftedness defined as a social construct, this article discusses an ethnographic study that examines gifted boys’ self-perceptions and their teachers’ perceptions of them as learners. Data collected from observations and interviews are analyzed to discuss the study’s findings that are explored through three themes. First, the participants want their teachers to understand that although they value their gifted identities, they still have academic needs for which they need help. Second, gifted boys believe their classroom behaviors are often misunderstood. Third, the participants want a voice about the curriculum assigned to them. These findings conclude by examining implications for teachers to address the perceptions of boys as students in their classrooms.

In Search of National Decoration

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-154
Author(s):  
Christine I. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Cultural Nationalism ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Paradigmatic Shift ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Treaty Port ◽  
Minority Cultures

Abstract In the late 1930s, design studies in China underwent a paradigmatic shift when the cosmopolitan idioms fashioned within treaty-port cities were rejected in favor of populist ethnonationalism, developed along the border regions of wartime China. This essay examines design compendia by Pang Xunqin and Lei Guiyuan, founding figures in modern design studies, as proposals that advocate for a reevaluation of folk and ethnic-minority traditions. Shaped by a signal moment in wartime modernism, the design proposals are located at the conjunction of two fields of knowledge that were discursively reframed by the heightened cultural nationalism of the Sino-Japanese War: the expansion of modern archaeology, and ethnographic study of minority cultures. In reclaiming folk-minority craft as a generative source of decoration, Pang Xunqin and Lei Guiyuan were also critically engaged with delimiting the design profession as a specialized realm of knowledge production.

scholarly journals Configuring Devices for Phenomena in-the-Making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Karasti ◽  
Andrea Botero ◽  
Joanna Saad-Sulonen ◽  
Karen S. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Scientific Knowledge Production ◽  
Research Infrastructures ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Study Participants

STS scholars are engaging in collaborative research in order to study extended socio-technical phenomena. This article participates in discussions on methodography and inventive methods by reflecting on visualizations used both internally by a team of researchers and together with study participants. We describe how these devices for generating and transforming data were brought to our ethnographic inquiry into the formation of research infrastructures which we found to be unwieldy and evolving phenomena. The visualizations are partial renderings of the object of inquiry, crafted and informed by ‘configuration’ as a method of assemblage that supports ethnographic study of contemporary socio-technical phenomena. We scrutinize our interdisciplinary bringing together of visualizing devices - timelines, collages, and sketches - and position them in the STS methods toolbox for inquiry and invention. These devices are key to investigating and engaging with the dynamics of configuring infrastructures intended to support scientific knowledge production. We conclude by observing how our three kinds of visualizing devices provide flexibility, comprehension and in(ter)ventive opportunities for study of and engagement with complex phenomena in-the-making.

scholarly journals أهمية الدراسات البينيَّة بالنهوض الأكاديمي في دراسة الفن وفق التفكير المقاصدي

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (96) ◽  
pp. 125-98
Author(s):  
رائد جميل عكاشة
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Knowledge Structure ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
Program Of Study ◽  
Art Program ◽  
Integrative Studies ◽  
The One

تحاول الدراسة بناء تصور حول برنامج للفنون بناءً على مقاصد الشريعة، وأهمية الدراسات البينية والتكاملية في تحقيق توازن بين البنية المعرفية الإسلامية الممثلة في الأصول التأسيسية (القرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية) والتراث الحضاري من جهة، وعلوم العصر من جهة أخرى. لقد غدت التكاملية إطاراً مرجعياً ومعياراً لفهم العلاقات بين العلوم، وإعادة تنظيمها، واكتشاف أواصر القربى بينها، لا سيما بين تلك العلوم ذات الحقول الدلالية المشتركة كما في العلوم الاجتماعية والعلوم الإنسانية. ومنهجية التفكير المقاصدي مهمة في نقل التفكير من صفة الجزئية إلى صفة الكلية، حتى يستوعب الظاهرة بصورة أكثر شمولية. إن التوازن المشار إليه يفيد في تحديد نوعية الخطاب الفني المناسب للمرحلة، ويعمل على تأسيس البرنامج التعليمي للفن بناء على التصوّر المعرفي والوظيفة الحضارية للفن أولاً (المعرفة)، وليس على تركيبته وبُعده الفني والجمالي (العلم)، وسيُفعّل فكرة البدائل الحضارية التي هي جزء أصيل من التفكير المقاصدي. This study attempts to develop a conception of art program of study based on the purposes of the Shari'a (maqasid), and the importance of interdisciplinary and integrative studies to achieve a balance between the Islamic knowledge structure in the founding sources (Quran and Sunnah) on the one hand, and the cultural heritage and contemporary knowledge in the other. Integration has become a frame of reference and a criterion for understanding, reconstructing and reconciling knowledge, especially knowledge with common semantic fields, such as social sciences and humanities. The approach of maqasidi thinking is important in moving from partial thinking to a wider space of global thinking in order to comprehend the phenomenon in a more comprehensive way. The balance referred to is useful in determining the quality of an appropriate artistic discourse. It helps to establish an educational art program based on the cognitive perception and cultural function of art; i.e., knowledge, not on its composition and its artistic aesthetic dimension (science). It will also activate the idea of cultural alternatives, as an integral part of the maqasidi thinking.

scholarly journals Antecedents of Space Traveler Behavioral Intention

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein G. T. Olya ◽  
Heesup Han
Keyword(s):  
Prospect Theory ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Cumulative Prospect Theory ◽  
Behavioral Outcome ◽  
Practical Implications

This study extends the current knowledge of behavioral intention of space travelers based on motivation and risk antecedents of undertaking a space trip. Using cumulative prospect theory, we develop and test research models to investigate sufficient motivation and risk antecedents on behavioral intention, to explore complex combinations of above antecedents (i.e., causal recipes) leading to both high and low scores of behavioral intention, and to identify necessary motivation and risk antecedents to achieve desired behavioral outcome. The results revealed that although motivations appeared as sufficient and necessary antecedents, risk antecedents play a dominant role such that risks can diminish the effects of motivations in shaping desired behavioral intention of space travelers. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Modelling Knowledge Production and Integration in Working Environments

2008 ◽  
pp. 294-310
Author(s):  
Piergiuseppe Morone ◽  
Richard Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Knowledge Integration ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Problem Complexity ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Complex Knowledge ◽  
Do So

This chapter introduces a formal model of a complex knowledge integration process named ‘thinking along’. Here the firm is modelled as a working environment consisting of agents arranged into work-practices, which provide the context for their interactions. The objective of the simulations reported here is to compare two different practice structures and test their effectiveness for solving problems by thinking along. To do so we will also introduce the notion of problem complexity as the basis for different experiments. From such comparison it emerged that complex problems are better tackled when practices group together agents with disparate skills (i.e. divisional practices) whereas simple problems can be more effectively addressed by organisational practices composed of agents with similar skills (i.e. functional practices). In either case, the simulated knowledge integration process played the dominant role.

The Anthropology of Hope

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stef Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
The Political ◽  
Unintended Effects ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Political Critique ◽  
The World ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Conditions Of Possibility ◽  
The Relationship

As part of a belated interest in people's engagements with possible futures, the start of the 3rd millennium has witnessed the emergence of a burgeoning subfield around the anthropology of hope. Anthropologists investigate the objects of people's hopes and their attempts to fulfil them. They also reflect on hope as an affect and disposition, and as a method of knowledge production. Three interrelated but analytically distinguishable concerns can be discerned in the anthropology of hope. First, anthropologists are interested in the conditions of possibility of hoping. Such studies of the political economy of hope explore the circumstances in which hopefulness does or does not flourish, and the unequal distribution of intensities of hoping, and of particular hopes, amongst different categories of people. A second domain consists of anthropological research on the shapes that hoping takes. Studies in this phenomenological vein investigate how hopefulness and hopes appear in the world. How does hoping work over time in people's practices, reflections, and orientations, and with which intended and unintended effects? Third, we find a concern with the relationship between hoping as a subject matter of ethnographic study and anthropology as a form of knowledge production. How do scholarly understandings of hope inform the development of the discipline and, in particular, its engagement with political critique and its capacity to help imagine alternatives?

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