Institutional process for infrastructural development in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-242
Author(s):  
Christian Omobhude ◽  
ShihHsin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Institutional Pressures ◽  
Structured Decision Making ◽  
Infrastructural Development ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Professional Network ◽  
Under Performing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Institutional Analysis And Development

Infrastructural development is characteristically multifaceted, but studies tend to be focused on limited context which has shed more light on structural issues at the cost of increased ambiguity as regards institutional factors that influence infrastructural development. Combining institutional theory and institutional analysis and development framework (IADF), this research studies how institutional factors influence infrastructural development. In particular, it explores three questions: what are the main differences that exist in policymaking processes? How do stakeholders interact in infrastructural development in Nigeria? How can institutions enhance infrastructural development? The findings show that institutional arrangements and legitimacy pressures are the main reasons for organizational passivity which produce under-performing infrastructures. Initially, mimetic pressures influenced infrastructural development practices as companies imitated other company’s structures that were perceived to be beneficial to attain certain goals. However, coercive pressures by government and normative pressures wielded through professional network of actors appear to be more potent institutional instruments for reducing unresponsiveness. We concluded that favourable institutional pressures support infrastructural development practices, which indicates the need for more structured decision-making process based on collective participation of relevant stakeholders.

A participatory approach to the evaluation of the efficiency of animal recording practices based on institutional analysis and development framework

2010 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. WASIKE ◽  
A. K. KAHI ◽  
K. J. PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Interactive Process ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Institutional Issues ◽  
Animal Identification ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Institutional Analysis And Development ◽  
Evaluation Approaches

SUMMARYAnimal recording is an interactive process that involves several practices. The efficiency of the process is essential to ensure the utility of outcomes necessary for sustainable participation. Most evaluation approaches define efficiency in economic terms. Animal recording systems lack outputs of direct economic benefits; hence, efficiency evaluation based on utility derived from the records would be more laudable. In that case, a system is considered efficient when outcome-utility-dependent participation is sustained. Approaches for evaluating efficiency based on the utility of outputs are, however, unavailable. The current study presents an approach for evaluating the efficiency of animal recording based on output utility using the institutional analysis and development framework. The approach evaluates efficiency by incorporating institutional issues influencing the operations of the system and its outcomes. It considers animal recording as an action arena with various actors in three action situations, namely: animal identification and registration, pedigree and performance recording and animal evaluation and information utilization. The variables include the positions occupied by actors, their actions, the outcomes associated with the actions, the level of control over choice, available information and the cost and benefits of engagement. As an interactive process, animal recording has rules that order relationships between actors. It also exists within a biophysical system and community whose attributes, combined with the rules, influence the actions and outcomes of recording. These are evaluated by looking at rule formation structures, enforcement and compliance and the level of interaction between the recording system and other biophysical characteristics and the community for their effects on outcomes, their utility and sustainability of recording. Participatory tools, Stakeholder matrix and Venn diagrams are used to identify the variables, quantify their interactions and link them to outputs. The applicability of the approach is tested using a case where information systems are imperfect. The approach successfully identifies missing actors within the action arena, poor rule conformance due to weak enforcement agencies and the absence of rules that govern outcomes and ensure the utility of outcomes as hindrances to the utility of recording and hence the efficiency of the system. It may therefore be used to evaluate the efficiency of systems whose outputs do not have a direct market value and in situations where quantitative market information is scarce.

scholarly journals Active cutaneous warming systems to prevent intraoperative hypothermia: a systematic review

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa de Brito Poveda ◽  
Edson Zangiacomi Martinez ◽  
Cristina Maria Galvão
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Intraoperative Hypothermia ◽  
The Cost

This study analyzed the evidence available in the literature concerning the effectiveness of different active cutaneous warming systems to prevent intraoperative hypothermia. This is a systematic review with primary studies found in the following databases: CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials and Medline. The sample comprised 23 randomized controlled trials. There is evidence in the literature indicating that the circulating water garment system is the most effective in maintaining patient body temperature. These results can support nurses in the decision-making process concerning the implementation of effective measures to maintain normothermia, though the decision of health services concerning which system to choose should also take into account its cost-benefit status given the cost related to the acquisition of such systems.

scholarly journals RISK OF OVERINVESTMENT IN MUNICIPALITIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Satoła
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
Cost And Benefit Analysis ◽  
The Cost

This article describes investment activities of self-government territorial units. Its aim is to present the importance of investments for the provision of public services by municipalities. The opinions of the respondents about the causes of excessive or misguided investments and the ways of reducing their scale were presented. Surveys were conducted in 2015 and the temporal scope of the analysis is 2009–2014. The importance of investments for the provision of public services, shaping the living conditions of inhabitants, and conducting business activity were described. Based on that, overinvestment was identified as a negative trend in public resources management. The most frequent causes of excessive investment are megalomania of the municipality authorities and their desire to gain the support of the inhabitants (voters). Another important aspect is the lack of sufficient social control in the decision-making process regarding investment tasks execution. It was also demonstrated that overinvestment is due to the purpose of spending financial resources, not to the relative amount of investment expenses. Among the actions preventing excessive or misguided investments, the cost and benefit analysis was indicated the most often. Using strategic planning tools is also beneficial for the effectiveness of investing in self-government.

scholarly journals Influencing Factors to Stay Off-Campus Living by Students

2018 ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Advanced Education ◽  
Infrastructural Development ◽  
Analysis Strategy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Transportation Facilities

The advanced education framework has quickly changed on the planet. In these days, individuals are continually endeavoring to accomplish the higher education. Hence, the demand for the educational institution, leaving spaces, infrastructural development is expanding step by step. This investigation has been embraced to perceive the components that impact an understudy in considering the choice to remain in off-grounds living in the season of advanced education. This investigation has been done through an organized survey & finished by factor analysis strategy. The discoveries demonstrated that maximum understudies pick off-grounds living to guarantee their solace, accommodation, and wellbeing in a peaceful perusing condition. Off-grounds living understudies need to endure enormous challenges regarding cost, transportation, connecting with social activities, and so forth. Government and University experts can take some preventive ways like building lobbies, expanding transportation facilities, diminishing the cost of nourishment, and so forth to minimize the problems of off-grounds livings students.

scholarly journals Maritime Common Good and Coastal Zone Management

Pomorstvo ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borna Debelić
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Coastal Zone Management ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Zone Management ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Economic Goods ◽  
Institutional Analysis And Development

This paper aims to develop the concept and the definition of the maritime common good, its sub components and sub layers and to classify and analytically systematize it in the framework of modern theories addressing economic goods. Possible theoretical advancements and extensions in classification criteria are provided. International formal institutional framework is presented and elaborated. The accent is given to the development of theoretical concept and classification of economic goods as well as development of the Institutional Analysis and Development framework – IAD framework that is used to provide analytical understanding of the maritime good classification as well as allocation problems arising. This is performed in the light of ICZM protocol addressing coastal zones as of special concern particularly considering the intensive interrelations between humans and coastal zones. According to the developed classification criteria and analysis performed, the maritime good, as a complex good, can be classified dominantly as common good with limited renewability. The importance of further advancements of maritime common good governing mechanisms based on stakeholders’ inclusion into decision making process is emphasized in order to strengthen the potential of the mechanisms itself and the information background necessary for a successful management of the complex maritime common good.

The Need to Decarbonise Buildings: Reasons, Challenges and Objectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Taltavull ◽  
Raúl Pérez ◽  
Francisco Juárez
Keyword(s):  
Investment Decision ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Investment Portfolio ◽  
Energy Characteristics ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Real Estate Sector ◽  
Investment Decision Making ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Eu

The article addresses the relevance of the real estate sector in climate change control through the decarbonisation of buildings. It presents a case study of an investment portfolio artificially constructed from randomly selected buildings in different Spanish cities and with different uses, evaluated in terms of their structural and energy characteristics. The CRREM tool is used to evaluate the decarbonisation horizon of the buildings between 2018 and 2050, their total emissions and their cost, in relation to the maximum allowed in the agreements signed by the EU in Paris (COP21). From this calculation, an assessment is provided of when buildings will become energetically stranded (energy obsolete) assets and the cost of carbon emitted above permitted levels. These calculations lend transparency to the investment decision-making process facing building owners in the EU over the next 30 years.

scholarly journals Laws, norms, and the Institutional Analysis and Development framework

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL H. COLE
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Institutional Analysis And Development ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Working Rules

AbstractElinor Ostrom's Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework has been described as ‘one of the most developed and sophisticated attempts to use institutional and stakeholder assessment in order to link theory and practice, analysis and policy’. But not all elements in the framework are sufficiently well developed. This paper focuses on one such element: the ‘rules-in-use’ (a.k.a. ‘rules’ or ‘working rules’). Specifically, it begins a long-overdue conversation about relations between formal legal rules and ‘working rules’ by offering a tentative and very simple typology of relations. Type 1: Some formal legal rules equal or approximate the working rules; Type 2: Some legal rules plus (or emended by) widely held social norms equal or approximate the working rules; and Type 3: Some legal rules bear no evident relation to the working rules. Several examples, including some previously used by Ostrom, are provided to illustrate each of the three types, which can be conceived of as nodes or ranges along a continuum. The paper concludes with a call for empirical research, especially case studies and meta-analyses, to determine the relevant scope of each of these types of relations, and to provide data for furthering our understanding of how different types of rules, from various sources, function (or not) as institutions.

scholarly journals Optimization Model of Pure Electric Vehicle Battery-Swapping Dispatch Based on Transportation Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 01026
Author(s):  
Shengdong Zu ◽  
Lijiang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Transportation Problems ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Electric Vehicle Battery ◽  
The Cost

The optimization object of pure electric vehicle battery-swapping service dispatch is making the total cost to be minimum under the condition of meeting the battery-swapping demand. The battery-swapping service requires each charging station to scientifically transport the supplementary batteries of the electricity exchange station. It is a multi-objective optimization decision-making process. With the object of minimizing the total cost of one-time transportation, applying the transportation problems theory, an optimization model of the battery-swapping service between the charging station and the exchange station was established, and a typical example was analyzed. The results show that the battery-swapping service transportation line is one of the main factors affecting the cost of pure electric vehicle battery-swapping service dispatch.

scholarly journals Self-organising management of user-generated data and knowledge

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Macbeth ◽  
Jeremy V. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Pervasive Computing ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Participatory Sensing ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Computational Logic ◽  
New Class ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Institutional Analysis And Development

AbstractThe proliferation of sensor networks, mobile and pervasive computing has provided the technological push for a new class of participatory-sensing applications, based on sensing and aggregating user-generated content, and transforming it into knowledge. However, given the power and value of both the raw data and the derived knowledge, to ensure that the generators are commensurate beneficiaries, we advocate an open approach to the data and intellectual property rights by treating user-generated content, as well as derived information and knowledge, as a common-pool resource. In this paper, we undertake an extensive review of experimental, commercial and social participatory sensory applications, from which we identify that a decentralised, community-oriented governance model is required to support this approach. Furthermore, we show that Ostrom’s institutional analysis and development framework, in conjunction with a framework for self-organising electronic institutions, can be used to give both an architecture and algorithmic base for the requisite governance model, in terms of operational and collective-choice rules specified in computational logic. This provides, we believe, the foundations for engineering knowledge commons for the next generation of participatory-sensing applications, in which the data generators are also the primary beneficiaries.

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