scholarly journals Measurement of Sauter mean diameter in diesel sprays using a scattering–absorption measurement ratio technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle L Martinez ◽  
Farzad Poursadegh ◽  
Gina M Magnotti ◽  
Katarzyna E Matusik ◽  
Daniel J Duke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Absorption Measurement ◽  
Sauter Mean Diameter ◽  
Diesel Sprays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fuel Sprays ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Measurement Uncertainties ◽  
Institute Of Technology

A new diagnostic for the quantification of Sauter mean diameter in high-pressure fuel sprays has been recently developed using combined optical and X-ray measurements at the Georgia Institute of Technology and Argonne National Laboratory, respectively. This diagnostic utilizes liquid scattering extinction measurements from diffuse back-illumination imaging, conducted at Georgia Tech, and liquid absorption measurements from X-ray radiography, conducted at Argonne’s Advanced Photon Source. The new diagnostic, entitled the scattering–absorption measurement ratio, quantifies two-dimensional distributions of path-integrated Sauter mean diameter, enabling the construction of the spatial history of drop size development within practical fuel sprays. This technique offers unique benefits over conventional drop-sizing methods in that it can be more robust in optically dense regions of the spray, while also providing high spatial resolution of the corresponding droplet field. The methodology for quantification of Sauter mean diameter distributions using the scattering–absorption measurement ratio technique has been previously introduced and demonstrated in diesel sprays using the Engine Combustion Network Spray D injector; however, a more detailed treatment of measurement uncertainties has been needed. In this work, we present a summary of the various sources of measurement uncertainty in the scattering–absorption measurement ratio diagnostic, like those due to the experimental setup, data processing methods, and theoretical assumptions, and assess how these sources of uncertainty affect the quantified Sauter mean diameter. The spatially resolved Sauter mean diameter measurements that result from the scattering–absorption measurement ratio diagnostic will be especially valuable to the engine modeling community for the quantitative validation of spray submodels in engine computational fluid dynamics codes. Careful evaluation and quantification of measurement uncertainties are important to support accurate model validation and to ensure the development of more predictive spray models.

scholarly journals Hugh Esmor Huxley MBE. 25 February 1924 — 25 July 2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 309-344
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Holmes ◽  
Alan Weeds
Keyword(s):  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Cavendish Laboratory ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cross Bridge ◽  
Bridge Model ◽  
Institute Of Technology

Hugh Esmor Huxley devoted his life to understanding how muscles contract. He was born in Birkenhead and entered Christ's College, Cambridge, in 1941 to study Physics. Joining the RAF in 1943 as an Acting Pilot Officer, he later moved to the Malvern Telecommunications Research Establishment where his pioneering work on developing H 2 S Mk IVA airborne radar over two years to 1947 led to his being elected a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1948 while still an undergraduate. He started X-ray research on living muscle with Sir John Kendrew at the Medical Research Council Unit in the Cavendish Laboratory and showed that skeletal muscle is made of a hexagonal array of thick and thin filaments. In 1952 he moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to study muscle ultrastructure by electron microscopy, where he was joined by Jean Hanson, and in 1954 they published the sliding filament hypothesis (7) † . Back in London he produced ultra-thin sections of muscle barely 150 Å thick, which showed cross-bridges between the filaments, and in 1960 was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. His research at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology from 1962 led to his proposal of the swinging cross-bridge model. His ambition of studying cross-bridge movement in living muscle by X-ray diffraction in the millisecond time range required ever stronger X-ray sources and more sensitive detectors. The development in the 1970s of beam lines from synchrotron radiation opened a new perspective that fascinated him for the rest of his working life. From his last work at Argonne National Laboratory with Massimo Reconditi, Hugh finally convinced himself that he had incontrovertible evidence for the tilting lever-arm model.

scholarly journals X-RAY MEASUREMENTS OF FUEL SPRAY SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA AND SAUTER MEAN DIAMETER FOR CAVITATING AND NON-CAVITATING DIESEL SPRAYS

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna E. Matusik ◽  
B.A. Sforzo ◽  
H.J. Seong ◽  
Daniel Duke ◽  
Alan L. Kastengren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Sauter Mean Diameter ◽  
Diesel Sprays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mean Diameter

Synchrotron X-ray studies of metal-organic framework M2(2,5-dihydroxyterephthalate), M = (Mn, Co, Ni, Zn) (MOF74)

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wong-Ng ◽  
J. A. Kaduk ◽  
H. Wu ◽  
M. Suchomel
Keyword(s):  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Sorbent Materials ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Unsaturated Metal Sites

M2(dhtp)·nH2O (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Zn; dhtp = 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalate), known as MOF74, is a family of excellent sorbent materials for CO2 that contains coordinatively unsaturated metal sites and a honeycomb-like structure featuring a broad one-dimensional channel. This paper describes the structural feature and provides reference X-ray powder diffraction patterns of these four isostructural compounds. The structures were determined using synchrotron diffraction data obtained at beam line 11-BM at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) in the Argonne National Laboratory. The samples were confirmed to be hexagonal R 3 (No. 148). From M = Mn, Co, Ni, to Zn, the lattice parameter a of MOF74 ranges from 26.131 73(4) Å to 26.5738(2) Å, c from 6.651 97(5) to 6.808 83(8) Å, and V ranges from 3948.08 Å3 to 4163.99 Å3, respectively. The four reference X-ray powder diffraction patterns have been submitted for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File (PDF).

scholarly journals NDE Development for Ceramics for Advanced Heat Engines

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. McClung ◽  
D. R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Ceramic Technology ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Heat Engines ◽  
X Ray Computed

Following an assessment of needs for NDT and characterization of ceramics for the DOE program, Ceramic Technology for Advanced Heat Engines (CTAHE), many NDT projects have been implemented under the sponsorship of CTAHE to address the needs. Tasks at Argonne National Laboratory have involved X-ray computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory has emphasized high-frequency ultrasonics, low-voltage radiography, and an advanced system for X-ray computed tomography. A brief investigation was made by Radiation Sciences, Inc., into the feasibility of synchrotron-computed tomography for ceramics. New programs recently initiated at Allison and Garrett integrate ultrasonics, radiography, and other methods into a major effort on life prediction. New programs at Norton and GTE on advanced processing of ceramics also place heavy emphasis on several methods of NDT for process development and control. Initial work on NDT standards has begun in ASTM Committees E-7 and C-28.

scholarly journals A study on the relationship between internal nozzle geometry and injected mass distribution of eight ECN Spray G nozzles.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna E Matusik ◽  
Daniel J Duke ◽  
Nicholas Sovis ◽  
Andrew B Swantek ◽  
Christopher F Powell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Distribution ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Nozzle Geometry ◽  
Hole Density ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Relationship

Gasoline direct injection (GDI) nozzles are manufactured to meet geometric specifications with length scales onthe order of a few hundred microns. The machining tolerances of these nominal dimensions are not always knowndue to the difficulty in accurately measuring such small length scales in a nonintrusive fashion. To gain insight intothe variability of the machined dimensions as well as any effects that this variability may have on the fuel spraybehavior, a series of measurements of the internal geometry and fuel mass distribution were performed on a set ofeight nominally duplicate GDI “Spray G” nozzles provided by the Engine Combustion Network. The key dimensionsof each of the eight nozzle holes were measured with micron resolution using full spectrum x-ray tomographicimaging at the 7-BM beamline of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. Fuel densitydistributions at 2 mm downstream of the nozzle tips were obtained by performing x-ray radiography measurementsfor many lines of sight. The density measurements reveal nozzle-to-nozzle as well as hole-to-hole density variations.The combination of high-resolution geometry and fuel distribution datasets allows spray phenomena to be linked tospecific geometric characteristics of the nozzle, such as variability in the hole lengths and counterbore diameters,and the hole inlet corner radii. This analysis provides important insight into which geometrical characteristics ofthe nozzles may have the greatest importance in the development of the injected sprays, and to what degreethese geometric variations might account for the total spray variability. The goal of this work is then to further theunderstanding of the relationship between internal nozzle geometry and fuel injection, provide input to improvecomputational models, and ultimately aid in optimizing injector design for higher fuel efficiency and lower emissionsengines.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4766

On the structure of aragonite

2005 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Caspi ◽  
B. Pokroy ◽  
P. L. Lee ◽  
J. P. Quintana ◽  
E. Zolotoyabko
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Orthorhombic Symmetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Impurity Atoms ◽  
Synchrotron Powder Diffraction ◽  
Refinement Procedure ◽  
Photon Source

High-resolution synchrotron powder diffraction measurements were carried out at the 32-ID beamline of the Advanced Photon Source of Argonne National Laboratory in order to clarify the structure of geological aragonite, a widely abundant polymorph of CaCO3. The investigated crystals were practically free of impurity atoms, as measured by wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in scanning electron microscopy. A superior quality of diffraction data was achieved by using the 11-channel 111 Si multi-analyzer of the diffracted beam. Applying the Rietveld refinement procedure to the high-resolution diffraction spectra, we were able to extract the aragonite lattice parameters with an accuracy of about 20 p.p.m. The data obtained unambiguously confirm that pure aragonite crystals have orthorhombic symmetry.

First X-Ray Microprobe and Microspectroscopy Results From The Gsecars Sector At The Advanced Photon Source

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 905-906
Author(s):  
Mark L. Rivers ◽  
Stephen R. Sutton ◽  
Peter Eng ◽  
Matthew Newville
Keyword(s):  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Environmental Sciences ◽  
X Ray ◽  
State Determination ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Photon Source

The Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory is a third-generation synchrotron x-ray source, optimized for producing x-rays from undulators. Such undulator sources provide extremely bright, quasi-monochromatic radiation which is ideal for an x-ray microprobe. Such microprobes can be used for trace element quantification with x-ray fluorescence, or for chemical state determination with x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The GeoSoilEnviroCARS (GSECARS) sector at the APS is building an x-ray microprobe for research in earth, planetary, soil and environmental sciences.The GSECARS undulator source is a standard APS Undulator “A” which is a 3.3 cm period device with 72 periods. The energies of the undulator peaks can be varied by adjusting the gap, and hence the magnetic field of the undulator. The energy of the first harmonic can be varied in this way from approximately 3.1 keV to 14 keV. A measured undulator spectrum is shown in Figure 1.

Local Measurements in Cavitating Flow by Ultra-Fast X-Ray Imaging

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Coutier-Delgosha ◽  
A. Vabre ◽  
M. Hocevar ◽  
R. Delion ◽  
A. Dazin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Velocity Fields ◽  
Cavitating Flow ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Local Measurements ◽  
Velocity Pressure ◽  
Photon Source

The present paper presents an experimental method to measure velocity fields in a cavitating flow. Dynamics of the liquid phase and of the bubbles are both investigated. The measurements are based on ultra fast X-ray imaging performed at the APS (Advanced Photon Source) of the Argonne National Laboratory. This is collaboration between research teams devoted to fluid mechanics (LML laboratory, Laboratory for water and turbine machines) and experts in X-ray imaging (French atomic commission, Argonne National Laboratory). The experimental device consists of a millimetric Venturi test section associated with a transportable hydraulic loop. Various configurations of velocity, pressure, and temperature have been investigated. This first paper focuses on the experimental equipment and process, and also the description of the image processing which is performed to analyze the results and obtain the velocity fields of both phases within the cavitating areas. Promising preliminary results are also presented.

scholarly journals Development of combined microstructure and structure characterization facility forin situandoperandostudies at the Advanced Photon Source

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Ilavsky ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Ross N. Andrews ◽  
Ivan Kuzmenko ◽  
Pete R. Jemian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Photon Source ◽  
Ray Scattering

Following many years of evolutionary development, first at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and then at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory, the APS ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) facility has been transformed by several new developments. These comprise a conversion to higher-order crystal optics and higher X-ray energies as the standard operating mode, rapid fly scan measurements also as a standard operational mode, automated contiguous pinhole small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements at intermediate scattering vectors, and associated rapid wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) measurements for X-ray diffraction without disturbing the sample geometry. With each mode using the USAXS incident beam optics upstream of the sample, USAXS/SAXS/WAXS measurements can now be made within 5 min, allowingin situandoperandomeasurement capabilities with great flexibility under a wide range of sample conditions. These developments are described, together with examples of their application to investigate materials phenomena of technological importance. Developments of two novel USAXS applications, USAXS-based X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and USAXS imaging, are also briefly reviewed.

Building the TeraGrid

2005 ◽  
Vol 363 (1833) ◽  
pp. 1715-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H Beckman
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Parallel Computer ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Distributed Resources ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
California Institute Of Technology ◽  
Institute Of Technology

On 1 October 2004, the most ambitious high-performance Grid project in the United States—the TeraGrid—became fully operational. Resources at nine sites—the San Diego Supercomputer Center, the California Institute of Technology, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, the University of Chicago/Argonne National Laboratory, Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, Texas Advanced Computing Center, Purdue University, Indiana University and Oak Ridge National Laboratory—were joined via an ultra-fast optical network, unified policies and security procedures and a sophisticated distributed computing software environment. Funded by the National Science Foundation, the TeraGrid enables scientists and engineers to combine distributed, multiple data sources with computation at any of the sites or link massively parallel computer simulations to extreme-resolution visualizations at remote sites. A single shared utility lets multiple resources be easily leveraged and provides improved access to advanced computational capabilities. One of the demonstrations of this new model for using distributed resources, Teragyroid, linked the infrastructure of the TeraGrid with computing resources in the United Kingdom via a transatlantic data fibre link. Once connected, the software framework of the RealityGrid project was used to successfully explore lattice-Boltzmann simulations involving lattices of over one billion sites.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document