Effects of stroke on spark-ignition combustion with gasoline and methanol

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110396
Author(s):  
Christian Wouters ◽  
Patrick Burkardt ◽  
Marcus Fischer ◽  
Michael Blomberg ◽  
Stefan Pischinger
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Velocity ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Efficiency Gain ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Piston Speed ◽  
Long Stroke ◽  
Stroke Engine

Besides electrification of the powertrain, new synthetic alternative fuels with the potential to be produced from renewable sources come into focus. Methanol is the most elementary liquid synthetic fuel and no novelty for use in internal combustion engines. This article presents pathways to achieve high efficiency spark-ignition methanol combustion on a direct injection spark-ignition single-cylinder research engine with two different stroke-to-bore ratios (1.2 and 1.5) and a constant bore. In addition, two compression ratios (CRs) were investigated on each setup: CR = 10.8 using RON95 E10 gasoline fuel and a higher CR = 15 using neat methanol. In contrast to previous studies of stroke-to-bore ratio influences on SI combustion, this article aims at demonstrating how the advantages of a high stroke-to-bore ratio can be exploited by combining a long-stroke engine with increased compression ratios and methanol. The increased stroke enhances the tumble motion due to a higher piston speed and a larger compression volume which improves the mixture homogenization and combustion velocity. Moreover, the lower surface/volume ratio results in a reduced heat transfer. When using RON95E10 gasoline fuel and CR = 10.8, an efficiency gain of up to 1.6% could be achieved with the long-stroke compared to the short-stroke especially at lower engine loads. With methanol and CR = 15, an efficiency gain of up to 1.6% could be achieved with the long-stroke setup compared to the short-stroke engine. Subsequently, lean burn conditions were experimentally investigated with methanol and CR = 15. The longer stroke allowed the lean burn limit to be extended from λ = 1.9 to λ = 2.0 with an efficiency gain of up to 2.2%. A maximum indicated efficiency of 47.4% could be achieved at λ = 1.9 with methanol on the long-stroke engine with CR = 15.

A comparative study of the effect of compression ratio on the efficiency and flame development angle in a Cooperative Fuel Research engine fueled with binary gasoline–alcohol blends

2019 ◽  
pp. 146808741985910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Rubio-Gómez ◽  
Lis Corral-Gómez ◽  
David Rodriguez-Rosa ◽  
Fausto A Sánchez-Cruz ◽  
Simón Martínez-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Flame Development ◽  
The Impact

In the last few years, increasing concern about the harmful effects of the use of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines has been observed. In addition, the limited availability of crude oil has driven the interest in alternative fuels, especially biofuels. In the context of spark ignition engines, bioalcohols are of great interest owing to their similarities and blend capacities with gasoline. Methanol and ethanol have been widely used, mainly due to their knocking resistance. Another alcohol of great interest is butanol, thanks to its potential of being produced as biofuel and its heat value closer to gasoline. In this study, a comparative study of gasoline–alcohol blend combustion, with up to 20% volume, with neat gasoline has been carried out. A single-cylinder, variable compression ratio, Cooperative Fuel Research-type spark ignition engine has been employed. The comparison is made in terms of fuel conversion efficiency and flame development angle. Relevant information related to the impact in the combustion process of the use of the three main alcohols used in blends with gasoline has been obtained.

Effect of Engine Variables on Combustion Performance of Lean Burn Spark Ignition Engine: An Overview

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Manivannan ◽  
R. Ramprabhu
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Lean Combustion

In the development of internal combustion engines, there has been a continuous effort to reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. Lean combustion is a preferred concept for reducing exhaust emissions for meeting stringent emission standards. However lean combustion is associated with increased cycle-by-cycle combustion variation due to combustion instability. The combustion stability under lean mixture conditions could be improved through enhancement of flow characteristics. Effect of engine variables on lean combustion of Spark Ignition (SI) engine is presented, including combustion chamber and inlet port configuration, and ignition system. Use of pre-chamber for lean combustion is one of the feasible method to achieve stable ignition and quick flame propagation. This paper highlights and compares status of various research works carried out in the area of lean burn engines. A critical analysis of reported experimental data is presented in order to substantiate use of lean combustion in SI engine.

scholarly journals Prechamber Equipped Laser Ignition for Improved Performance in Natural Gas Engines

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bader Almansour ◽  
Subith Vasu ◽  
Sreenath B. Gupta ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Robert Van Leeuwen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Laser Ignition ◽  
Efficiency Gain ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Natural Gas Engines ◽  
Improved Performance

Lean-burn operation of stationary natural gas engines offers lower NOx emissions and improved efficiency. A proven pathway to extend lean-burn operation has been to use laser ignition (LI) instead of standard spark ignition (SI). However, under lean conditions, flame speed reduces, thereby offsetting any efficiency gains resulting from the higher ratio of specific heats, γ. The reduced flame speeds, in turn, can be compensated with the use of a prechamber to result in volumetric ignition and thereby lead to faster combustion. In this study, the optimal geometry of PCLI was identified through several tests in a single-cylinder engine as a compromise between autoignition, NOx, and soot formation within the prechamber. Subsequently, tests were conducted in a single-cylinder natural gas engine comparing the performance of three ignition systems: standard electrical spark ignition (SI), single-point laser ignition (LI), and PCLI. Out of the three, the performance of PCLI was far superior compared to the other two. Efficiency gain of 2.1% points could be achieved while complying with EPA regulation (BSNOx < 1.34 kWh) and the industry standard for ignition stability (coefficient of variation of integrated mean effective pressure (COV_IMEP) < 5%). Test results and data analysis are presented identifying the combustion mechanisms leading to the improved performance.

A Theoretical Study on Performance and Combustion Characteristics of HCCI Engine Operation With Diesel Surrogate Fuels: n-Heptane, Dimethyl Ether

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Navid Shahangian ◽  
Mojtaba Keshavarz ◽  
Ghasem Javadirad ◽  
Nader Bagheri ◽  
Seyed Ali Jazayeri
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Hcci Engine ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Hcci Engines

HCCI engines have low emission and high efficiency values compared to the conventional internal combustion engines. These engines can operate on most alternative fuels such as dimethyl ether (DME), which has been tested as a possible diesel fuel for its simultaneously reduced NOx and PM emissions. HCCI combustion of both DME and n-heptane fuels display a distinct two-stage ignition reaction with the first stage taking place at fairly low temperatures and the second stage taking place at high temperatures. The second stage is responsible for the main stage of the heat release process. In this study, a single-zone, zero-dimensional, thermo-kinetic combustion model has been developed. MATLAB software is used to predict engine performance characteristics of HCCI engines using two types of diesel fuel: Dimethyl ether and N-heptane. The effects of intake temperature and pressure, fuel loading and addition of EGR gases on auto-ignition characteristics, optimum combustion phasing, and performance of the HCCI engines are considered in this study. Simultaneous effects of these variables for finding the most appropriate regime of HCCI engine operation, considering knock and misfire boundaries, are also investigated.

The impact of gasoline and synthesized ethanol blends on the emissions of a spark ignition engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laminu Kuburi ◽  
David Obada ◽  
Ibraheem Samotu ◽  
M. Jeremiah ◽  
Zainab Kashim
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Ethanol Addition ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Ethanol Blends ◽  
The Impact

Considering pollution problems and the energy crisis today, investigations have been concentrated on lowering the concentration of toxic components in combustion products and decreasing fossil fuel consumption by using renewable alternative fuels. In this work, the effect of ethanol addition to gasoline on the exhaust emissions of a spark ignition engine at various speeds was established. Ethanol was extracted from groundnut seeds using fermentation method. Gasoline was blended with 20 - 80% of the extracted ethanol in an interval of 20%. Results of the engine test indicated that using ethanol-gasoline blended fuels decreased carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions as a result of the lean- burn effects caused by the ethanol, and the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission increased because of a near complete combustion. Finally, the results showed that blending ethanol in a proportion of 40% with gasoline can be used as a supplementary fuel in modern spark ignition engines as it is expected that the engine performs at its optimum in terms of air toxic pollutants reduction, by virtue of that mix.

Application of a Spark Ignition Engine Simulation Tool for Alternative Fuels

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirendra N. Mustafi ◽  
Robert R. Raine
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Emissions ◽  
Engine Simulation ◽  
Research Areas

Investigations on alternative fuels for internal combustion engines are regarded as one of the major research areas for the age. Engine simulation tools can play an important role in such investigations without performing the experimental works. It usually saves both time and money and provides better and additional understanding where the experimental facilities are limited. A spark ignition (SI) engine simulation tool (ISIS) is used in this present study to simulate the performance and emissions of SI engines, operated on alternative fuels such as biogas and “Powergas” (a synthesis gaseous fuel mixture of mainly carbon monoxide and hydrogen). An extended investigation is done for the oxides of nitrogen emissions considering multiple burn zones. The results are verified against those obtained for engine torque/brake power, exhaust temperature, and exhaust emissions experimentally and a good agreement is found between them.

scholarly journals The study of the spark ignition engine operation at fuelling with n-butanol-gasoline blends

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Cristian Sandu ◽  
Constantin Pană ◽  
Niculae Negurescu ◽  
Alexandru Cernat ◽  
Cristian Nuţu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Combustion Properties

For conventional internal combustion engines alternative fuels such alcohols (ethanol, methanol and butanol) have attracted more attention. This aspect is due to the fact that alcohols have good combustion properties and high oxygen content. Butanol is a viable fuel for blending with conventional fuels such as gasoline or diesel because of its high miscibility with these conventional fuels. The high combustion speed of butanol compared to that of gasoline ensures a shorter burning process thus the engine thermal efficiency can potentially be improved. Moreover, the additional oxygen content of the alcohol n-butanol can potentially improve the combustion process and can lead to a reduction of carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons emissions level. Utilizing butanol-gasoline blends can provide a good solution for the reduction of greenhouse gases level (CO2) and pollutants level (CO, HC, and NOx). An experimental study was carried out in a spark ignition engine which was fueled with a blend of n-butanol-gasoline at different volume percentages. The objective of this paper is to determine the effects of butanol on the engine energetic performances and on the emissions (HC, CO and NOx). At first the engine fueled with pure gasoline to set up a reference at the engine load χ=55%, engine speed of n=2500 min-1 and different excess air coefficients (λ). After setting the reference the engine was fueled with butanol-gasoline blend (10% vol. butanol 90% vol. gasoline) with the same engine adjustments. At butanol use the CO, HC and CO2 emissions level decreased, but the NOx emission level increased. The butanol can be considered a good alternative fuel for the spark ignition engines without modifications.

scholarly journals Comparison of Diesel Engine Vibroacoustic Properties Powered by Bio and Standard Fuel

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1478
Author(s):  
Radoslaw Wrobel ◽  
Gustaw Sierzputowski ◽  
Zbigniew Sroka ◽  
Radostin Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Significant Other ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Profile Changes ◽  
The Time Domain

Alternative fuels appeared soon after the first internal combustion engines were designed. The history of alternative fuels is basically as long as the history of the automotive industry. Initially, fuels whose physicochemical properties allowed for a change in parameters of the combustion process in order to achieve greater efficiency and reliability were searched for. Nowadays, there are significantly more variables; in addition to the above mentioned parameters, alternative fuels are being sought that will ensure environmental protection during vehicle operation and improve the ergonomics of use. This article outlines the results of the authors’ own comparative tests of vibrations of a vibroacoustic character. Based on a popular engine model, the vibration–acoustic responses of a system powered by two types of fuel, namely, diesel and biodiesel (B10), are compared. The research consists of comparing vibrations in both time and frequency domains. In the case of the time domain, the evaluation was performed with vibrations as a function of engine torque and speed. In the case of frequency analysis, the focus was on changes in the frequency response for the tested fuels. The research shows that the profile of vibroacoustic vibrations changes in the case of biodiesel power supply in relation to standard fuel. The vibration profile changes significantly as a function of speed and only slightly in relation to the engine load. The results presented in this article show different vibroacoustic responses of an engine powered by diesel and biodiesel; the change is minor for lower speeds but significant (other harmonics are dominant) for higher speeds (changes in the dominant harmonic magnitude of up to 10% at a crankshaft speed of 3000 rpm).

scholarly journals Ethanol/Gasoline Blends as Alternative Fuel in Last Generation Spark-Ignition Engines: A Review on CO and HC Engine Out Emissions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 4034
Author(s):  
Paolo Iodice ◽  
Massimo Cardone
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
The Impact

Among the alternative fuels existing for spark-ignition engines, ethanol is considered worldwide as an important renewable fuel when mixed with pure gasoline because of its favorable physicochemical properties. An in-depth and updated investigation on the issue of CO and HC engine out emissions related to use of ethanol/gasoline fuels in spark-ignition engines is therefore necessary. Starting from our experimental studies on engine out emissions of a last generation spark-ignition engine fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels, the aim of this new investigation is to offer a complete literature review on the present state of ethanol combustion in last generation spark-ignition engines under real working conditions to clarify the possible change in CO and HC emissions. In the first section of this paper, a comparison between physicochemical properties of ethanol and gasoline is examined to assess the practicability of using ethanol as an alternative fuel for spark-ignition engines and to investigate the effect on engine out emissions and combustion efficiency. In the next section, this article focuses on the impact of ethanol/gasoline fuels on CO and HC formation. Many studies related to combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions in spark-ignition engines fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels are thus discussed in detail. Most of these experimental investigations conclude that the addition of ethanol with gasoline fuel mixtures can really decrease the CO and HC exhaust emissions of last generation spark-ignition engines in several operating conditions.

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