Markets changing, changing markets: Institutional work as market shaping

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. Baker ◽  
Kaj Storbacka ◽  
Roderick J. Brodie
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Institutional Work ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Market Change ◽  
Cirque Du Soleil ◽  
New Circus ◽  
Intentional Activities ◽  
Market Shaping

There is increasing interest in the marketing discipline to adopt an institutional perspective when examining markets. This requires seeing markets as complex systems that evolve through time, rather than as preexisting, stable structures. Using a historical, longitudinal case study, we integrate the “institutional work” framework as a lens to understand the process of market change in the novel, historic case of circus in North America through the 20th century. We explore the decline of the market for traditional American circus, and the emergence, in the 1970s, of the adjacent market for new circus, with a specific focus on the world’s preeminent new circus company, Cirque du Soleil. Theoretical contributions of the article include a “market-shaping activities” framework that illustrates market shaping involves considerably more actors than the dyad of producer and consumer. Market-shaping occurs through an interdependent process involving institutionalized practices, beliefs and expectations, and the intentional activities of market actors at any institutional level. Market change is shared, iterative, and recursive, that is cocreated, and undertaken by market actors both formal and informal. Market shapers do not necessarily work in an orchestrated fashion; nevertheless, vibrant networks of complementary actors contribute positively to the construction of shared identities and normative networks. From a managerial perspective, we find implications for policy makers, funders, strategists, and marketers.

scholarly journals From invention to industry from a social movement perspective: the emergence of the 3D printing industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lechner ◽  
Abeer Pervaiz
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Printing Industry ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Industry Emergence ◽  
Entrepreneurial Action ◽  
Emergence Phase

Abstract In the entrepreneurship literature, the phenomenon of industry emergence has been largely investigated from an institutional perspective. Appropriate institutions would allow then a group of individual entrepreneurs (“the heroes”) to create an industry through innovative ventures. New ventures create new industries and firm entry, survival, and exit drive industry evolution. Our research, however, explores what creates the favorable set of circumstances for new ventures to emerge and focuses on the pre-emergence phase and we propose that the patterns of emergence resemble those of social movements. Through an actor perspective, this research highlights the existence of diverse actors, not necessarily entrepreneurs, who are necessary to trigger a collective action during the pre-emergence phase of industries. This research is also distinct from entrepreneurial ecosystems as its development already requires some successful entrepreneurial action. The 3D printing industry was chosen as a single longitudinal case study, where the actors are the embedded units of analysis. The findings of the study lead to the identification of three aggregate dimensions—“Social Movement Composition,” Temporal Engagement,” and “Coalitions Development”—that were prevalent during the pre-emergence phase of the 3D printing industry. Our propositions emphasize the importance of large collective action and the role of multiple actors in order to create the conditions for, first, firm emergence and, the second, to the process of industry emergence.

Exploring the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on Algeria’s energy used and climate change based on Olduvai theory

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Industrial Civilization ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact

The Death of Industrial Civilization explains how the contemporary ecological crisis within industrial society is caused by the values inherent in unlimited economic growth and competitive materialism. It demonstrates the central role and importance of electricity, and what policy makers need to do in order to ensure that current and future systems remain reliable even as they are transformed by the rise of clean energy technologies. The novel COVID19 pandemic has created an unprecedented global health and economic crisis. The result of such a scenario is that energy demand contracts by 6%, the largest in 70 years in percentage terms and the largest ever in absolute terms. The impact of Covid19 on energy demand in 2020 would be more than seven times larger than the impact of the 2008 financial crisis on global energy demand and this is what the Olduvai theory is defined by e=energy production/population. It states that the life expectancy of Industrial Civilization is less than or equal to 100 years.

Market legitimation in countercultural market change

2021 ◽  
pp. 147059312110560
Author(s):  
Hwanho Choi ◽  
Bernard Burnes
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Institutional Logics ◽  
Institutional Work ◽  
Market Change ◽  
Market Experience ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Indie Music ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Market Changes

Drawing on concepts of institutional work, legitimacy, and institutional logics, we investigate why countercultural markets experience institutional change and the actions institutional work market actors perform to inform institutional logics and ensure the legitimacy of countercultural markets. Although previous research suggests market changes and disruption, little attention has been paid to markets that originate from different institutional backgrounds, changes in the market experience in relation to its legitimization, and institutional work to attain legitimacy. The case of indie music in South Korea illustrates the evolution of a cultural market from the introduction of its ethos, the crisis caused by legitimacy pressures, and the transformation of the market. Using data gathered through in-depth interviews with indie labels and music consumers in South Korea, and archival sources, our research illuminates the source of market struggle and theorizes approaches that market actors perform to overcome the struggle.

scholarly journals A Responsible Internet to Increase Trust in the Digital World

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 882-922
Author(s):  
Cristian Hesselman ◽  
Paola Grosso ◽  
Ralph Holz ◽  
Fernando Kuipers ◽  
Janet Hui Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Network Control ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Data Flows

Abstract Policy makers in regions such as Europe are increasingly concerned about the trustworthiness and sovereignty of the foundations of their digital economy, because it often depends on systems operated or manufactured elsewhere. To help curb this problem, we propose the novel notion of a responsible Internet, which provides higher degrees of trust and sovereignty for critical service providers (e.g., power grids) and all kinds of other users by improving the transparency, accountability, and controllability of the Internet at the network-level. A responsible Internet accomplishes this through two new distributed and decentralized systems. The first is the Network Inspection Plane (NIP), which enables users to request measurement-based descriptions of the chains of network operators (e.g., ISPs and DNS and cloud providers) that handle their data flows or could potentially handle them, including the relationships between them and the properties of these operators. The second is the Network Control Plane (NCP), which allows users to specify how they expect the Internet infrastructure to handle their data (e.g., in terms of the security attributes that they expect chains of network operators to have) based on the insights they gained from the NIP. We discuss research directions and starting points to realize a responsible Internet by combining three currently largely disjoint research areas: large-scale measurements (for the NIP), open source-based programmable networks (for the NCP), and policy making (POL) based on the NIP and driving the NCP. We believe that a responsible Internet is the next stage in the evolution of the Internet and that the concept is useful for clean slate Internet systems as well.

US and European Public Procurement Policies for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SME): A Comparative Perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max V. Kidalov ◽  
Keith F. Snider
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
European Public ◽  
Policy Objectives

This paper provides a comparative perspective of public procurement policies for small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in the United States and Europe. Public procurement is increasingly recognized as a strategic function of public administration because of the huge amount of resources it consumes, as well as the important policy objectives it seeks to promote, including SME-related objectives. Progress towards meeting SME procurement participation goals, however, remains elusive on both sides of the Atlantic. Policy makers and administrators have little comparative research upon which to draw regarding the effectiveness of various policy approaches, a shortcoming this paper seeks to address. An institutional perspective is adopted which helps explain similarities and differences in U.S. and European SME policies.

scholarly journals The implementation of Cost-Effective in Spanish local governments: Analysis of institutional work in a case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90
Author(s):  
José María González-González ◽  
Manuel Jesús García-Fénix
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Institutional Work ◽  
Different Types

Este trabajo se propone analizar las formas de trabajo institucional desarrolladas por distintos actores para la emergencia e implantación del Coste Efectivo de los Servicios de las Entidades Locales (CESEL). Los resultados del estudio de caso longitudinal realizado ponen de manifiesto que los principales actores, Gobierno Central y Ayuntamiento, llevaron a cabo diferentes formas de trabajo institucional (político, cultural y técnico), surgiendo conflictos durante su desarrollo debido a las distintas lógicas institucionales en las que se apoyaron: eficiencia económica e interés social, respectivamente. Este trabajo contribuye a la perspectiva teórica adoptada evidenciando que las formas en las que se desarrolla el trabajo institucional por distintos actores determinan la configuración final de la nueva institución que quiere crearse. Así, aunque la regulación estableció como finalidad del CESEL profundizar en el cumplimiento de los principios de eficiencia y de transparencia de la gestión pública local, las formas en las que se ha desarrollado el trabajo institucional durante su implantación lo han configurado como un instrumento de transparencia, presentando además serias limitaciones para que ésta sea efectiva. This paper aims to analyze the forms of institutional work carried out by different actors with regard to the emergence and implementation of Cost-Effective of Local Government Services (CESEL, Coste Efectivo de los Servicios de las Entidades Locales). The results of the longitudinal case study evidence that the main actors, Central Government and Local Government, carried out different types of institutional work (political, cultural and technical), by arising conflicts during their development due to the different institutional logics in which they were supported: economic efficiency and social interest, respectively. This work contributes to the theoretical perspective adopted by evidencing that the ways in which institutional work is developed by different actors determine the final configuration of the new institution that is to be created. Thus, although the regulation established that the purpose of CESEL is to deepen on compliance with the principles of efficiency and transparency of local public management, the ways in which the institutional work has been developed during its implementation have configured it as an instrument for transparency and also it presents serious limitations so that transparency is effective.

scholarly journals Prediction of COVID-19 Pandemic of Top Ten Countries in the World Establishing a Hybrid AARNN LTM Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmabati Gahan ◽  
Monalisha Pattnaik ◽  
Agnibrata Nayak ◽  
Monee Kieran Roul
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Warning System ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Corporate Leaders ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Scientific Experts ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Out Of Sample

AbstractThe novel COVID-19 global pandemic has become a public health emergency of international concern affecting 215 countries and territories around the globe. As of 28 November 2020, it has caused a pandemic outbreak with a total of more than 6,171,5119 confirmed infections and more than 1,44,4235 confirmed deaths reported worldwide. The main focus of this paper is to generate LTM real-time out of sample forecasts of the future COVID-19 confirmed and death cases respectively for the top ten profoundly affected countries including for the world. To solve this problem we introduced a novel hybrid approach AARNN model based on ARIMA and ARNN forecasting model that can generate LTM (fifty days ahead) out of sample forecasts of the number of daily confirmed and death COVID-19 cases for the ten countries namely USA, India, Brazil, Russia, France, Spain, UK, Italy, Argentina, Colombia and also for the world respectively. The predictions of the future outbreak for different countries will be useful for the effective allocation of health care resources and will act as early-warning system for health warriors, corporate leaders, economists, government/public-policy makers, and scientific experts.

scholarly journals When Second Best Might be the Best: Using Hospitalization Data to Monitor the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J Mallow ◽  
Michael Jones
Keyword(s):  
Moving Average ◽  
Hospital Utilization ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Ideal Solution ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Hospital Administrators ◽  
Utilization Data ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Ideal

The novel coronavirus' high rate of asymptomatic transmission combined with a lack of testing kits call for a different approach to monitor its spread and severity. We proposed the use of hospitalizations and hospital utilization data to monitor the spread and severity. A proposed threshold of a declining 7-day moving average over a 14-day period, "7&14" was set to communicate when a wave of the novel coronavirus may have passed. The state of Ohio was chosen to illustrate this threshold. While not the ideal solution for monitoring the spread of the epidemic, the proposed approach is an easy to implement framework accounting for limitations of the data inherent in the current epidemic. Hospital administrators and policy makers may benefit from incorporating this approach into their decision making.

scholarly journals Predicting the Impact of COVID-19 on Australian Universities

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arran Thatcher ◽  
Mona Zhang ◽  
Hayden Todoroski ◽  
Anthony Chau ◽  
Joanna Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Student ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
Full Time ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Full Time Equivalent ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Education Industry ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Australian Universities

This article explores the impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) upon Australia’s education industry with a particular focus on universities. With the high dependence that the revenue structures of Australian universities have on international student tuition fees, they are particularly prone to the economic challenges presented by COVID-19. As such, this study considers the impact to total Australian university revenue and employment caused by the significant decline in the number of international students continuing their studies in Australia during the current pandemic. We use a linear regression model calculated from data published by the Australian Government’s Department of Education, Skills, and Employment (DESE) to predict the impact of COVID-19 on total Australian university revenue, the number of international student enrolments in Australian universities, and the number of full-time equivalent (FTE) positions at Australian universities. Our results have implications for both policy makers and university decision makers, who should consider the need for revenue diversification in order to reduce the risk exposure of Australian universities.

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