Can genius be taught? Debates in Portuguese music education (1868–1930)

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luísa Fernandes Paz
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Discursive Space ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Democratic Schooling ◽  
Single Person ◽  
Musical Practices ◽  
Nature And Nurture ◽  
Portuguese Music

This paper examines how the idea of musical genius, a mythical notion used as a device for musical practices, facilitates a split between the genius of an innate learner and that of an apprentice, thus creating an ambiguous discursive space. Genius was firstly a matter of nature, but also most discussed under the topic of nurture, that is, education. In order to understand how this nature and nurture ambiguousness developed in specific terms for the musical genius I focussed on analysing historical documents on the main resources for genius-building. In this article, these resources are considered the raw material for the embodying of the genius in every single person. What I discovered about the term ‘genius’ and its contradictory uses to support both elitist and democratic schooling made me realise that it is treated as an argument to advocate the merits of music and to take concrete steps in implementing educational excellence. The term ‘genius’ can serve any pedagogical purpose and encompass contradictory ideas, potentially serving unlimited purposes. Genius can be applied to the best of students, but equally to virtually anyone. In future studies the question will be whether this reading fits the scenario in other European countries.

Could There Be Deleuzian Assessment in Music Education?

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Lauren Kapalka Richerme
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Music Educators ◽  
Assessment Practices ◽  
Continuous Assessment ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Philosophical Inquiry ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Musical Practices ◽  
Contemporary Education

Authors of contemporary education and arts education policies tend to emphasize the adoption of formal, summative assessment practices. Poststructuralist philosopher Gilles Deleuze’s emphasis on ongoing differing and imaginative possibilities may at first glance appear incompatible with these overarching, codified assessments. While Deleuze criticizes the increasing use of ongoing assessments as a form of control, he posits a more nuanced explanation of measurement. This philosophical inquiry examines four measurement-related themes from Deleuze’s writings and explores how they might inform concepts and practices of assessment in various music teaching and learning contexts. The first theme suggests that each group of connective relations, what Deleuze terms a “plane of immanence,” demands its own forms of measurement. Second, Deleuze emphasizes varieties of measurement. Third, those with power, what Deleuze terms the “majority,” always set the standard for measurement. Fourth, Deleuze derides continuous assessment. His writings suggest that music educators might consider that assessments created for one musical practice or style should not transcend their own “plane of immanence,” that a variety of nonstandardized assessments is desirable, that the effect of measurement on “minoritarian” musical practices must be examined carefully, and that it is essential to ponder the potentials of unmeasured music making.

scholarly journals Pre-treatments of pre-consumer cotton-based textile waste for production of textile fibres in the cold NaOH(aq) and cellulose carbamate processes

Cellulose ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjo Määttänen ◽  
Maria Gunnarsson ◽  
Helena Wedin ◽  
Sara Stibing ◽  
Carina Olsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Textile Waste ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Degree Of Polymerisation ◽  
Textile Fibres ◽  
Cellulose Carbamate ◽  
Regenerated Fibres ◽  
Inorganic Content

AbstractRecycling of textiles is of importance due to the large amount of waste generated from the increasing consumption and use worldwide. Cotton-rich pre-consumer textiles are considered as potential raw material for production of man-made regenerated fibres, but demands purification from the blends with synthetic fibres as well as the dyes and finishing chemicals. In this study we explore the use of different pre-treatments of pre-consumer textiles to meet specific parameters for production of fibres in the cold NaOH(aq) or cellulose carbamate process. The pre-treatments consisted of different bleaching sequences and were performed on both uncoloured and coloured pre-consumer textiles. For the uncoloured textile, degree of polymerisation and amount of inorganic content was efficiently reduced making the material suitable for both the cold NaOH(aq) and the cellulose carbamate process. In case of the coloured textile, the pre-treatments were able to remove the dye and decrease the inorganic content as well as reduce the degree of polymerisation but only sufficiently enough for production of fibres in the cellulose carbamate process. The work was able to prove a fibre-to-fibre concept while further optimisation of the regeneration steps is expected to improve the mechanical properties of the produced fibres in future studies.

scholarly journals Planting the Seeds: Orchestral Music Education as a Context for Fostering Growth Mindsets

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Holochwost ◽  
Judith Hill Bose ◽  
Elizabeth Stuk ◽  
Eleanor D. Brown ◽  
Kate E. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Growth Mindset ◽  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
Orchestral Music ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Musical Growth

Growth mindset is an important aspect of children’s socioemotional development and is subject to change due to environmental influence. Orchestral music education may function as a fertile context in which to promote growth mindset; however, this education is not widely available to children facing economic hardship. This study examined whether participation in a program of orchestral music education was associated with higher levels of overall growth mindset and greater change in levels of musical growth mindset among children placed at risk by poverty. After at least 2 years of orchestral participation, students reported significantly higher levels of overall growth mindset than their peers; participating students also reported statistically significant increases in musical growth mindset regardless of the number of years that they were enrolled in orchestral music education. These findings have implications for future research into specific pedagogical practices that may promote growth mindset in the context of orchestral music education and more generally for future studies of the extra-musical benefits of high-quality music education.

Exploring hip hop music education through online instructional beat production videos

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Kruse ◽  
Stuart Chapman Hill
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Production Practice ◽  
Vernacular Music ◽  
Instructional Characteristics ◽  
Online Music ◽  
Musical Practices ◽  
Music Research

This study explores online instructional beat production videos as a way to inform hip hop and popular music education and diversify scholarship in online music learning. The authors conducted a content analysis of YouTube videos, considering the instructional characteristics and content of these videos and the musical technologies employed within them. Findings highlight the importance of YouTube as a repository of hip hop beat production instructional material. Videos focused on composition of new beats, rather than re-creation of existing material, underlining an important distinction between hip hop musical practices and the ‘listen and copy’ approach identified in other vernacular music research ‐ and a distinction between these videos and others studied in extant music education scholarship that focuses on YouTube. The videos showcased varied technologies, some of which (e.g., FL Studio) seem especially well aligned with beat production practice. The article concludes with considerations for music educators and for future research.

scholarly journals Cultural Diversity, Ecodiversity, and Music Education

2021 ◽  
pp. 163-174
Author(s):  
Vincent C. Bates ◽  
Daniel J. Shevock ◽  
Anita Prest
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
New Materialism ◽  
Western Apache ◽  
Musical Practices ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable ◽  
Communal Responsibility ◽  
Ways Of Being ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractDiversity discourses in music education tend toward anthropocentrism, focusing on human cultures, identities, and institutions. In this chapter, we broaden conceptualizations of diversity in music education to include relationships between music, education, and ecology: understood as interactions among organisms and the physical environment. Diversity in music education can be realized by attending to the ongoing interrelationships of local geography, ecology, and culture, all of which contribute dynamically to local music practices. We situate our analysis within specific Indigenous North American cultures (e.g., Western Apache, Nuu-chah-nulth, Stó:lō, and Syilx) and associated perspectives and philosophies to shed light on the multiple forms of reciprocity that undergird diversity. Indigenous knowledge, in combination with new materialism and political ecology discourses, can help us come back down to earth in ways of being and becoming that are ecologically sustainable, preserving the ecodiversity that exists and grows in place, forging egalitarian relationships and a sense of communal responsibility, fostering reverence for ancestors along with nonhuman lives and topographies, and cultivating musical practices that are one with our respective ecosystems.

scholarly journals The bank of swimming organisms at the micron scale (BOSO-Micro)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252291
Author(s):  
Marcos F. Velho Rodrigues ◽  
Maciej Lisicki ◽  
Eric Lauga
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Biophysical Models ◽  
Aqueous Environments ◽  
Dynamical Parameters ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Surrounding Fluid

Unicellular microscopic organisms living in aqueous environments outnumber all other creatures on Earth. A large proportion of them are able to self-propel in fluids with a vast diversity of swimming gaits and motility patterns. In this paper we present a biophysical survey of the available experimental data produced to date on the characteristics of motile behaviour in unicellular microswimmers. We assemble from the available literature empirical data on the motility of four broad categories of organisms: bacteria (and archaea), flagellated eukaryotes, spermatozoa and ciliates. Whenever possible, we gather the following biological, morphological, kinematic and dynamical parameters: species, geometry and size of the organisms, swimming speeds, actuation frequencies, actuation amplitudes, number of flagella and properties of the surrounding fluid. We then organise the data using the established fluid mechanics principles for propulsion at low Reynolds number. Specifically, we use theoretical biophysical models for the locomotion of cells within the same taxonomic groups of organisms as a means of rationalising the raw material we have assembled, while demonstrating the variability for organisms of different species within the same group. The material gathered in our work is an attempt to summarise the available experimental data in the field, providing a convenient and practical reference point for future studies.

scholarly journals A PHARMACOGNOSTICAL STUDY ON THE STEM BARK OF DEVADARU (Cedrus deodara Roxb. Loud.G.Don)

2021 ◽  
Vol p5 (02) ◽  
pp. 2696-2704
Author(s):  
Amrita Sharma ◽  
Chander Shekhar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Human Care ◽  
Scientific System ◽  
Indian Medicine

Ayurveda is the ancient knowledge of scientific system of Indian medicine. This medicinal system incorpo-rates the use of Dravyas –medicinal plants, which proved to be an effective means of human care in the pre and post Vedic periods. One among many such plants is Devadaru. Etymologically the word ‘Devada-ru’ itself personify the plant as ‘Devta’ or divine tree, because it provides environment with solitude and its medicinal values. To explore more about Devadaru pharmacognostical study of stem bark was conducted. To authenticate the sample of Devadaru, comparison of organoleptic characteristics of stem bark and its powder was done which reveals that stem bark has some aromatic compounds. Based on organoleptic characteristics obtained and microscopic observations, genuineness of the raw material was authenticated. The microscopic study of cut sections and powder of stem bark was done. The observations could be con-sidered to be the reference standards in future studies and will be of immense help in standardization of Ayurvedic medicines to meet the international parameters.

Building a Broad View of Technology in Music Teacher Education

2017 ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
Heidi Partti
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Music Teacher ◽  
Music Teaching ◽  
Music Teacher Education ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Musical Practices ◽  
Collaborative Skills

In addition to innovative policy schemes, program visions, and curricular changes, the transformation of the school classroom necessitates also the development of teacher education. Inspired by the Core Perspective chapters in this section of the handbook, this chapter discusses issues related to the use of technology in supporting the cultivation of creative and collaborative skills in music teaching, particularly from the viewpoint of music teacher education. The chapter argues that there is a gap between the potential that technology could provide for music teaching and learning processes and the cultivation of this potential in schools. To bridge this gap, a holistic approach to technology and its use in music education is required. According to this approach, technology is viewed as a powerful way to facilitate more possibilities to participate in different musical practices and to use musical imagination.

‘Teach you to rock’? Popular music in the university music department

Popular Music ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alf Björnberg
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Music Teaching ◽  
Western Art ◽  
Music Department ◽  
Musical Practices ◽  
Traditional Institutions ◽  
Learning Principles ◽  
The University

During the last decades in most Western countries music education on all levels has undergone significant changes. In response to changes in the musical field in society at large, various popular music styles, previously almost totally neglected in institutional forms of music teaching based on Western art music, have been given increasing significance in the curricula of music education. This development has not, however, taken place without controversies. In most popular music genres the theoretical framework, learning principles and aims of musical practices differ in significant respects from those of the regulated activities of traditional institutions of music education, and the successful integration of popular genres into such institutions requires that these differences be acknowledged and resolved rather than ignored.

scholarly journals The Changing Landscape of the Malay Gamelan and its Implications on Music Education in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (SI5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahanum Mohd Shah ◽  
Janette Jannah Poheng
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
New Music ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Cultural Expression ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Musical Practices ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Open Access Article

Globalisation and information technology have posed challenges to cultural systems whereby new ways are taking over old ways that are indigenous to a particular culture. Traditional modes of cultural expression are being restructured where changes in musical practices and sound systems are affecting composers to remain vital. New music for the Malay gamelan using new modes of expression require schools to act as agents for change and innovation to occur. This study examines the direction gamelan music is taking in Malaysia and its implications on music education in Malaysia in order for the gamelan to remain relevant. Keywords: Malay gamelan; teaching; learning; approaches eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2021.. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI5.2939

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