scholarly journals Collective allostatic load measures for teams

2019 ◽  
pp. 147592171988486
Author(s):  
Kemal Davaslioglu ◽  
Bob Pokorny ◽  
Yalin E. Sagduyu ◽  
Henrik Molintas ◽  
Sohraab Soltani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Multimodal Data ◽  
Emergency Responders ◽  
Multimodal Sensing ◽  
Key Innovation ◽  
Commercial Off The Shelf

Teams in action, such as emergency responders and medical personnel, are challenged with environments that are characterized by time pressure, rapidly unfolding events, high information processing demand, and severe consequences of wrong decisions. Such environments in general have adverse effects on team performance. To mitigate this problem and increase the performance and resilience of teams, we developed the Collective Allostatic Load Measures system. Collective Allostatic Load Measures system collects, aggregates, and analyzes multimodal data, and provides recommendation and intervention mechanisms under acute and chronic stressors. The key innovation in Collective Allostatic Load Measures is the integration of multimodal sensing capabilities with accurate algorithms that can process sequential multimodal data from heterogeneous sensors. We built a prototype of Collective Allostatic Load Measures that incorporates the core functionalities that can assess allostatic load at the team level, namely collective allostatic load. Collective Allostatic Load Measures includes a set of commercial off-the-shelf sensors that record an individual’s physiological responses, a speech processing module that can extract the communication patterns of a team, a machine-learning based computational analysis module, a mobile phone app, and a web-based dashboard for visualization. Collective Allostatic Load Measures provides near real-time quantitative measurement of collective allostatic load that is leveraged to improve team performance and resilience by recommending interventions.

The Benefits of Repeated Collaboration for Team Performance in a Chinese Context

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1507-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Long ◽  
Zhimei Zang ◽  
Chuanming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Business Administration ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Master Of Business Administration ◽  
Chinese Context ◽  
Business Administration Students ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Different Characteristics

With teamwork being the norm since the 1980s, many researchers have conducted studies on the relationships among different characteristics of team performance. We investigated 55 teams formed by 294 Master of Business Administration students at a university in China, asking them to complete a task as part of a team of 3-8 members before filling out surveys to assess repeated collaboration and time pressure. Task performance was assessed by the students' instructors. The results showed that repeated collaboration had a negative influence on team performance and that time pressure moderated this relationship. Managerial implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Boosting positive mood in medical and emergency personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic: preliminary evidence of efficacy, feasibility and acceptability of a novel online ambulatory intervention

2021 ◽  
pp. oemed-2021-107427
Author(s):  
Karin G. Coifman ◽  
David D Disabato ◽  
T H Stanley Seah ◽  
Sarah Ostrowski-Delahanty ◽  
Patrick A Palmieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Emergency Responders

ObjectivesThe aim of this project was to test the efficacy of a brief and novel online ambulatory intervention aimed at supporting psychological health and well-being for medical personnel and first responders during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsInterested participants, n=28, actively employed as medical personnel, support staff and emergency responders, in the Midwestern USA in May–June of 2020, provided informed consent and were randomised to complete either low-dose or high-dose intervention, one time daily for 1 week via smartphone application. Each daily intervention included expressive writing, adaptive emotion regulation activity and (one vs two) positive emotion-generation activities, lasting 3–6 min a day. Ratings of negative and positive emotion were provided before and after each activity daily. Analyses tested compliance, acceptability, as well as efficacy at increasing positive emotion and decreasing negative emotion with each use and across time.ResultsThe results indicated a 13% increase in positive emotion, t(25)=2.01, p=0.056; and decrease in negative emotion by 44%, t(25)=−4.00, p=0.001 across both doses. However, there was a clear advantage for individuals in the high-dose condition as daily boosts in positive emotion were significantly greater (an additional 9.4%) B=0.47, p=0.018. Overall, compliance was good. Acceptability ratings were good for those who completed the follow-up assessment.ConclusionFront-line personnel, including medical staff and emergency responders, are experiencing unprecedented psychological stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. This investigation suggests both feasibility and efficacy for a brief, daily, ambulatory intervention which could provide essential psychological support to individuals at risk in the workplace.

Team Performance in a Dynamic Resource Allocation Task: The Importance of Heuristics

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (13) ◽  
pp. 831-835
Author(s):  
Dorothy J. McBride ◽  
Clifford E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Utility Theory ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Dynamic Resource Allocation ◽  
Information Presentation ◽  
Visual Coding ◽  
Coding Schemes ◽  
Dynamic Resource

The utility of group decision heuristics was examined in the context of a dynamic resource allocation task which incorporates both certain and uncertain events. Visual coding schemes for presenting the events varied among teams, only half the teams received experimenter developed heuristics, and both moderate and fast information presentation rates were used. Performance scores were significantly higher for teams with heuristics. In addition, teams performed better under moderate time pressure and with practice, and teams without heuristics displayed inconsistencies in handling uncertain events whereas teams with heuristics behaved as predicted by utility theory. No performance differences were found for variations in visual coding schemes.

PROBLEM-SOLVING MECHANISMS IN L2 COMMUNICATION

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Dörnyei ◽  
Judit Kormos
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Meaning Negotiation ◽  
Production Problem ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Language Output

This paper investigates the various ways speakers manage problems and overcome difficulties in L2 communication. Following Dörnyei and Scott (1997), we distinguish four main sources of L2 communication problems: (a) resource deficits, (b) processing time pressure, (c) perceived deficiencies in one's own language output, and (d) perceived deficiencies in the interlocutor's performance. In order to provide a systematic description of the wide range of coping mechanisms associated with these problem areas (e.g., communication strategies, meaning negotiation mechanisms, hesitation devices, repair mechanisms), we adopt a psycholinguistic approach based on Levelt's (1989, 1993, 1995) model of speech production. Problem-solving devices, then, are analyzed and classified according to how they are related to the different pre- and post-articulatory phases of speech processing, and we illustrate the various mechanisms by examples and retrospective comments taken from L2 learners' data.

scholarly journals Learning about stress from building, drilling and flying: a scoping review on team performance and stress in non-medical fields

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Femke S. Dijkstra ◽  
Peter G. Renden ◽  
Martijn Meeter ◽  
Linda J. Schoonmade ◽  
Ralf Krage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Team Cognition ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Performance Pressure ◽  
Healthcare Teams ◽  
Effects Of Stress

Abstract Background Teamwork is essential in healthcare, but team performance tends to deteriorate in stressful situations. Further development of training and education for healthcare teams requires a more complete understanding of team performance in stressful situations. We wanted to learn from others, by looking beyond the field of medicine, aiming to learn about a) sources of stress, b) effects of stress on team performance and c) concepts on dealing with stress. Methods A scoping literature review was undertaken. The three largest interdisciplinary databases outside of healthcare, Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO, were searched for articles published in English between 2008 and 2020. Eligible articles focused on team performance in stressful situations with outcome measures at a team level. Studies were selected, and data were extracted and analysed by at least two researchers. Results In total, 15 articles were included in the review (4 non-comparative, 6 multi- or mixed methods, 5 experimental studies). Three sources of stress were identified: performance pressure, role pressure and time pressure. Potential effects of stress on the team were: a narrow focus on task execution, unclear responsibilities within the team and diminished understanding of the situation. Communication, shared knowledge and situational awareness were identified as potentially helpful team processes. Cross training was suggested as a promising intervention to develop a shared mental model within a team. Conclusion Stress can have a significant impact on team performance. Developing strategies to prevent and manage stress and its impact has the potential to significantly increase performance of teams in stressful situations. Further research into the development and use of team cognition in stress in healthcare teams is needed, in order to be able to integrate this ‘team brain’ in training and education with the specific goal of preparing professionals for team performance in stressful situations.

Assessing Performance of Awacs Command and Control Teams

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-176
Author(s):  
Linda R. Elliott ◽  
Mathieu A. Dalrymple ◽  
Kelly Neville
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Information Time ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measures Of Performance

Performance constructs are discussed within the context of complex and dynamic command and control (C2) team performance. Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) team members function in an information-rich environment, exchanging updates through an array of visual displays and communication channels. In combat, they face challenges of limited resources, ambiguous information, time pressure, and enemy interference. Subsequently, accurate assessment of communication, coordination, and decision making in AWACS teams can be difficult and time-consuming. Theoretical predictions arising from laboratory tasks must ultimately face the test of external validity using criterion measures of performance. This paper describes some of the challenges in developing criterion measures of performance and situation assessment within a dynamic and complex task requiring high expertise and teamwork. Results from two studies are briefly described.

scholarly journals Augmenting Social Science Research with Multimodal Data Collection: The EZ-MMLA Toolkit

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Bertrand Schneider ◽  
Javaria Hassan ◽  
Gahyun Sung
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Classroom Context ◽  
Multimodal Data ◽  
Hand Motion ◽  
Multimodal Sensing ◽  
Sensing Technology

While the majority of social scientists still rely on traditional research instruments (e.g., surveys, self-reports, qualitative observations), multimodal sensing is becoming an emerging methodology for capturing human behaviors. Sensing technology has the potential to complement and enrich traditional measures by providing high frequency data on people’s behavior, cognition and affects. However, there is currently no easy-to-use toolkit for recording multimodal data streams. Existing methodologies rely on the use of physical sensors and custom-written code for accessing sensor data. In this paper, we present the EZ-MMLA toolkit. This toolkit was implemented as a website and provides easy access to multimodal data collection algorithms. One can collect a variety of data modalities: data on users’ attention (eye-tracking), physiological states (heart rate), body posture (skeletal data), gestures (from hand motion), emotions (from facial expressions and speech) and lower-level computer vision algorithms (e.g., fiducial/color tracking). This toolkit can run from any browser and does not require dedicated hardware or programming experience. We compare this toolkit with traditional methods and describe a case study where the EZ-MMLA toolkit was used by aspiring educational researchers in a classroom context. We conclude by discussing future work and other applications of this toolkit, potential limitations and implications.

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