Does Crowd Support Drive the Home Advantage in Professional Football? Evidence from German Ghost Games during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 152700252110265
Author(s):  
Kai Fischer ◽  
Justus Haucap
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Occupancy Rate ◽  
Home Advantage ◽  
Occupancy Rates

This paper examines the relation between crowd support and home advantage in men’s professional football in making use of a unique “natural experiment” induced by restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic: the so-called ghost games in the top three German football divisions at the end of the 2019/2020 season. We find that there is a reduced home advantage in the first division, whereas no change is observed in the second and third divisions. Our regression analysis indicates that the decrease in the home advantage and the heterogeneity across divisions are not sensitive to a variety of performance, location, and team covariates and are best explained through the lower occupancy rate in the stadia. Hence, the decrease in occupancy to zero at the ghost games has been less dramatic for teams that have been used to low occupancy rates. We cannot find strong evidence for a change in referee behavior or teams’ tactics as main impact channels of occupancy rates on the home advantage. Hence, we argue that psychological reasons are of higher importance.

scholarly journals Peranan industri sub sektor perhotelan terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di Provinsi Jambi

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Christina Maya Lestari ◽  
Zulfanetti Zulfanetti ◽  
Dearmi Artis
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Minimum Wages ◽  
Occupancy Rate ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Industrial Labor ◽  
Rate Minimum ◽  
Occupancy Rates

This study aims to determine the effect of Number of Hotels, Number of Rooms, Room Occupancy Rates, Minimum Wages on employment opportunities in Hotels in Jambi Province. This study uses an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) multiple regression analysis model.Based on the results of the regression analysis, it is known that the variable number of hotels and minimum wages has a significant effect on the level of employment in Jambi Province, while the variable number of rooms and occupancy rates have no significant effect on the employment of industrial labor in the hotel sub-sector in Jambi Province. Keywords: Number of Hotels, Number of Rooms, Occupancy Rate, Minimum Wage, Absorption of Labor.

Association of Nursing Overtime, Nurse Staffing, and Unit Occupancy with Health Care–Associated Infections in the NICU

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 0996-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Régis Blais ◽  
Guy Lacroix ◽  
Michèle Cabot ◽  
Bruno Piedboeuf ◽  
Marc Beltempo
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Nurse Staffing ◽  
Occupancy Rate ◽  
Staffing Ratio ◽  
Health Care Associated Infections ◽  
Occupancy Rates

Objective This study aims to assess the association of nursing overtime, nurse staffing, and unit occupancy with health care–associated infections (HCAIs) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Study Design A 2-year retrospective cohort study was conducted for 2,236 infants admitted in a Canadian tertiary care, 51-bed NICU. Daily administrative data were obtained from the database “Logibec” and combined to the patient outcomes database. Median values for the nursing overtime hours/total hours worked ratio, the available to recommended nurse staffing ratio, and the unit occupancy rate over 3-day periods before HCAI were compared with days that did not precede infections. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) that control for the latter factors and unit risk factors were also computed. Results A total of 122 (5%) infants developed a HCAI. The odds of having HCAI were higher on days that were preceded by a high nursing overtime ratio (aOR, 1.70; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.05–2.75, quartile [Q]4 vs. Q1). High unit occupancy rates were not associated with increased odds of infection (aOR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.47–1.51, Q4 vs. Q1) nor were higher available/recommended nurse ratios (aOR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.67–1.99, Q4 vs. Q1). Conclusion Nursing overtime is associated with higher odds of HCAI in the NICU.

scholarly journals KAJIAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA DAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DI PROVINSI BALI

2021 ◽  
pp. 1115
Author(s):  
Ketut Candri ◽  
I Komang Gde Bendesa
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Occupancy Rate ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Insignificant Effect ◽  
The People ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Occupancy Rates ◽  
Central Statistics

  Bali is an island where tourism plays a dominant role in its economy, so its potential needs to be further developed. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of tourist visits, number of hotels, and hotel occupancy rates on total employment and welfare of the people in Bali. The data used is secondary data published by Bali Provincial Tourism Office and the Bali Province Central Statistics Agency from 2000-2019. The analysis technique used is path analysis. The results showed that the number of tourist visits has a positive and significant effect on total employment, the number of hotels has a negative and insignificant effect on total employment, while the hotel occupancy rate has a positive and insignificant effect on total employment. In addition, the number of tourist visits has a negative and insignificant effect on welfare, the number of hotels and the total employment have a positive and significant effect on welfare, while the hotel occupancy rate has a negative and significant effect on the welfare of the community.  Labor absorption is not a mediating variable between tourist visits and occupancy rate on welfare.

scholarly journals Peramalan Tingkat Penghunian Tempat Tidur Hotel Bintang Tiga Kota Surakarta Menggunakan Metode Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Shindy Dwi Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Moving Average ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Occupancy Rate ◽  
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average ◽  
Occupancy Rates ◽  
The City

<p>Surakarta is a cultural city that is now starting to attract domestic and foreign tourists. This makes many tourists visit the city of Surakarta so that it affects the occupancy rate of hotels in Surakarta. The occupancy rate of hotels in Surakarta has fluctuations from each year. The uncertainty of hotel occupancy rates in Surakarta will certainly affect investors to choose policies in the hotel industry so that hotel occupancy rates in Surakarta City need to be estimated for the next year. In this study, the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) method was used to forecast hotel occupancy rates in Surakarta from January to May 2018. By using the best model IMA (1.1), it was concluded that the occupancy rate of three-star Surakarta hotels increased every the month.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong><strong> : </strong>occupancy rate of hotel, forecasting, ARIMA.</p>

Do hotel business benefit from increased tourist accessibility? Evidence from China’s high-speed railway program

2020 ◽  
pp. 135481662092321
Author(s):  
Taotao Deng ◽  
Chen Gan ◽  
Yukun Hu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Occupancy Rate ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Luxury Hotels ◽  
Hotel Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Transportation Accessibility ◽  
Occupancy Rates ◽  
The Impact

The operation of high-speed railway (HSR) always plays a key role in promoting tourism development of city by improving transportation accessibility and facilitating tourists’ travel. Based on the panel data of 50 major tourist cities in China from 2010 to 2017, this article uses a Tobit model to explore the impact of HSR service on hotel performance that is embodied in occupancy rate. The results show that with other factors unchanged, the cities with a high-frequency HSR service system or hub HSR station tend to have higher hotel occupancy rate. Moreover, the hotel occupancy rate of cities with a suburb HSR station is lower than that of other HSR-served cities. After classifying hotels into luxury and budget groups, this article finds that HSR train frequency and station grade still show positive effects on both luxury and budget hotels. However, in cities with suburb HSR stations, budget hotels tend to have lower occupancy rates, while occupancy rate for luxury hotels shows no significant difference.

scholarly journals Organizational Renewal in Family Firms

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Drakopoulou Dodd ◽  
Vasilis Theoharakis ◽  
Angelo Bisignano
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Succession Planning ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Path Dependency ◽  
Organizational Renewal ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
High Level

The authors investigate whether organizational renewal impacts on the performance of family firms and identify aspects of ‘familiness’ acting as facilitators or inhibitors of organizational renewal. A survey instrument captured data on relevant family-related characteristics, organizational renewal and firm performance from the CEOs of 140 family firms in Greece. Regression analysis was used to test hypotheses. Strong evidence was found that organizational renewal impacts positively on the profit growth of family firms. Where CEOs had a strong growth aspiration for the future and were firm founders, and where succession planning was taking place, renewal was more likely to be enacted. Efforts are focused on creating a business that will thrive in the future, and not on curating an organizational heirloom shaped and constrained by the past. Their strong future focus liberates these family firms from possible cross-generational path dependency, allowing the special resources of their family's business to act instead as a springboard for ongoing organizational renewal. Conversely, those family firms with a high level of family altruism indicated by extensive kin employment seem to be more likely to be destined for stagnation than stewardship, as they promote (past-focused) historical family sentiment and tradition. The dangers of cross-generational path dependency indeed seem pronounced in such past-focused firms.

Modelling and prediction of a destination’s monthly average daily rate and occupancy rate based on hotel room prices offered online

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1380-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelia Oses ◽  
Jon Kepa Gerrikagoitia ◽  
Aurkene Alzua
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Occupancy Rate ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Hotel Room ◽  
Digital Footprint ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Hotel Performance ◽  
Daily Rate ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Occupancy Rates

Tourism metrics are essential for managing a destination. Hotel performance metrics such as average daily rate and occupancy rate are two of the most prominent metrics for the industry. The authors’ research group works on developing methods for estimating tourism metrics based on digital footprint. Data available publicly on the Internet, including hotel room prices, are collected daily. This article shows that the prices offered online have a high positive correlation with those reported by official statistics at the Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics 2 level after the online prices have been preprocessed and, thus, the relevance of this data source is established. This article then presents a model for explaining and predicting mean hotel occupancy rates by destination based on these prices. The results are very promising, the fit is excellent and the predictions are also good. In summary, prices have moved from reflecting the expected demand to reflecting the actual demand and occupancy rate.

scholarly journals How does spectator presence affect football? Home advantage remains in European top-class football matches played without spectators during the COVID-19 pandemic

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248590
Author(s):  
Fabian Wunderlich ◽  
Matthias Weigelt ◽  
Robert Rein ◽  
Daniel Memmert
Keyword(s):  
Driving Factor ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Home Advantage ◽  
European Football

The present paper investigates factors contributing to the home advantage, by using the exceptional opportunity to study professional football matches played in the absence of spectators due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. More than 40,000 matches before and during the pandemic, including more than 1,000 professional matches without spectators across the main European football leagues, have been analyzed. Results support the notion of a crowd-induced referee bias as the increased sanctioning of away teams disappears in the absence of spectators with regard to fouls (p < .001), yellow cards (p < .001), and red cards (p < .05). Moreover, the match dominance of home teams decreases significantly as indicated by shots (p < .001) and shots on target (p < .01). In terms of the home advantage itself, surprisingly, only a non-significant decrease is found. While the present paper supports prior research with regard to a crowd-induced referee bias, spectators thus do not seem to be the main driving factor of the home advantage. Results from amateur football, being naturally played in absence of a crowd, provide further evidence that the home advantage is predominantly caused by factors not directly or indirectly attributable to a noteworthy number of spectators.

scholarly journals Empty Beds in Nursing Homes Filled by Younger Individuals Following ACA Medicaid Eligibility Expansion

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 181-181
Author(s):  
Ashley Ritter ◽  
Norma Coe ◽  
Salama Freed
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Occupancy Rate ◽  
Percentage Point Increase ◽  
Medicaid Eligibility ◽  
Facility Level ◽  
Occupancy Rates

Abstract National decline in nursing home occupancy rates coupled with expansion of Medicaid insurance eligibility under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) potentially create an opportunity for younger, low-income individuals to enter nursing homes following a hospitalization. Changes in the population of individuals using nursing homes could result in downstream consequences on facility payor mix, case severity index, and ultimately patient outcomes. This study measures the effect of ACA Medicaid eligibility expansion on the patient population using nursing homes, accounting for the nursing homes’ occupancy rate. Data were obtained from the publicly available national dataset, LTCfocus (2009-2016). Difference in differences estimation with time and state fixed effects was utilized to examine the effect of ACA Medicaid eligibility expansion on two outcomes, 1) average age in years of residents as of April 1 and 2) the proportion of individuals covered by Medicaid insurance at the facility level. Results show facilities with pre-ACA occupancy rates between 40% and 50% demonstrated the largest decrease in average age by year three, 1.32 years [95% CI: -2.257, -0.385]. Facilities with a pre-ACA occupancy rate of 60-70% demonstrated the largest increase in the proportion of individuals covered by Medicaid in year one, a 5.5 percentage point increase [95% CI: 0.009, 0.102]. In summary, Medicaid expansion under the ACA resulted in an increase in younger individuals and individuals covered by Medicaid using nursing homes, varying across pre-ACA occupancy rates. It remains to be studied if increased utilization of this high cost setting provides superior patient outcomes for these populations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document