Biosignals to Detect the Imbalance of Explicit and Implicit Affect in Dementia: A Pilot Study

Background: We assessed implicit and explicit emotion in older patients with dementia using biosignals. Methods: Fifty patients with dementia and 34 healthy individuals watched 3 videos that aimed to elicit various emotional responses. Electroencephalogram and heart rate variability were recorded. Results: Patients with dementia experienced less fun and more fear than controls. The high frequency (HF) from the baseline in response to funny stimulation as well as HF from neutral to fear stimulation in the dementia group increased further than in the control group. The slow wave (SW)–fast wave (FW) ratio from neutral to funny stimulation in the control group increased further than in the dementia group. The SW-FW from neutral to fear stimulation was further decreased in the dementia group than in the control group. Conclusions: Although patients with dementia were more sensitive to implicit affect, they showed more enhanced imbalance between positive and negative affect in explicit affect assessment.

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Effect of Acupuncture on Heart Rate Variability: A Systematic Review

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/819871 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Joanne W. Y. Chung ◽

Vincent C. M. Yan ◽

Hongwei Zhang

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

High Frequency ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Keyword Search ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Control Group

Aim.To summarize all relevant trials and critically evaluate the effect of acupuncture on heart rate variability (HRV).Method.This was a systematic review with meta-analysis. Keyword search was conducted in 7 databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data extraction and risk of bias were done.Results.Fourteen included studies showed a decreasing effect of acupuncture on low frequency (LF) and low frequency to high frequency ratio (LF/HF ratio) of HRV for nonhealthy subjects and on normalized low frequency (LF norm) for healthy subjects. The overall effect was in favour of the sham/control group for high frequency (HF) in nonhealthy subjects and for normalized high frequency (HF norm) in healthy subjects. Significant decreasing effect on HF and LF/HF ratio of HRV when acupuncture was performed on ST36 among healthy subjects and PC6 among both healthy and nonhealthy subjects, respectively.Discussion.This study partially supports the possible effect of acupuncture in modulating the LF of HRV in both healthy and nonhealthy subjects, while previous review reported that acupuncture did not have any convincing effect on HRV in healthy subjects. More published work is needed in this area to determine if HRV can be an indicator of the therapeutic effect of acupuncture.

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The use of heart rate turbulence and heart rate variability in the assessment of autonomic regulation and circadian rhythm in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus without apparent heart disease

Lupus ◽

10.1177/0961203317725590 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 436-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A R Poliwczak ◽

E Waszczykowska ◽

B Dziankowska-Bartkowiak ◽

M Koziróg ◽

K Dworniak

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

High Frequency ◽

Autonomic Function ◽

Disease Duration ◽

Control Group ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Heart Rate Turbulence

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus is a progressive autoimmune disease. There are reports suggesting that patients even without overt signs of cardiovascular complications have impaired autonomic function. The aim of this study was to assess autonomic function using heart rate turbulence and heart rate variability parameters indicated in 24-hour ECG Holter monitoring. Methods Twenty-six women with systemic lupus erythematosus and 30 healthy women were included. Twenty-four hour ambulatory ECG-Holter was performed in home conditions. The basic parameters of heart rate turbulence and heart rate variability were calculated. The analyses were performed for the entire day and separately for daytime activity and night time rest. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the basic anthropometric parameters. The mean duration of disease was 11.52 ± 7.42. There was a statistically significant higher turbulence onset (To) value in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, median To = –0.17% (minimum –1.47, maximum 3.0) versus To = –1.36% (minimum –4.53, maximum –0.41), P < 0.001. There were no such differences for turbulence slope (Ts). In the 24-hour analysis almost all heart rate variability parameters were significantly lower in the systemic lupus erythematosus group than in the healthy controls, including SDANN and r-MSSD and p50NN. Concerning the morning activity and night resting periods, the results were similar as for the whole day. In the control group, higher values in morning activity were noted for parameters that characterise sympathetic activity, especially SDANN, and were significantly lower for parasympathetic parameters, including r-MSSD and p50NN, which prevailed at night. There were no statistically significant changes for systemic lupus erythematosus patients for p50NN and low and very low frequency. There was a positive correlation between disease duration and SDNN, R = 0.417; P < 0.05 and SDANN, R = 0.464; P < 0.05, a negative correlation between low/high frequency ratio and r-MSSD, R = –0.454; P < 0.05; p50NN, R = –0.435; P < 0.05 and high frequency, R = –0.478; P < 0.05. In contrast, there was no statistically significant correlation between heart rate turbulence and other variables evaluated, including disease duration and the type of autoantibodies. Conclusion: Our study confirms the presence of autonomic disorders with respect to both heart rate variability and heart rate turbulence parameters and the presence of diurnal disturbances of sympathetic–parasympathetic balance. Further studies are required.

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Mind–body interactive qigong improves physical and mental aspects of quality of life in inpatients with stroke: A randomized control study

European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing ◽

10.1177/1474515119860232 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 658-666 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ching-Hsiang Chen ◽

Kuo-Sheng Hung ◽

Yu-Chu Chung ◽

Mei-Ling Yeh

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

High Frequency ◽

Standard Care ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Control Group ◽

Subacute Stroke ◽

Interactive Exercise

Background: Stroke, a medical condition that causes physical disability and mental health problems, impacts negatively on quality of life. Post-stroke rehabilitation is critical to restoring quality of life in these patients. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of a mind–body interactive qigong intervention on the physical and mental aspects of quality of life, considering bio-physiological and mental covariates in subacute stroke inpatients. Methods: A randomized controlled trial with repeated measures design was used. A total of 68 participants were recruited from the medical and rehabilitation wards at a teaching hospital in northern Taiwan and then randomly assigned either to the Chan-Chuang qigong group, which received standard care plus a 10-day mind–body interactive exercise program, or to the control group, which received standard care only. Data were collected using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Short Form-12, stroke-related neurologic deficit, muscular strength, heart rate variability and fatigue at three time points: pre-intervention, halfway through the intervention (day 5) and on the final day of the intervention (day 10). Results: The results of the mixed-effect model analysis showed that the qigong group had a significantly higher quality of life score at day 10 ( p<0.05) than the control group. Among the covariates, neurologic deficit ( p=0.04), muscle strength ( p=0.04), low frequency to high frequency ratio ( p=0.02) and anxiety ( p=0.04) were significantly associated with changes in quality of life. Conversely, heart rate, heart rate variability (standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals, low frequency and high frequency), fatigue and depression were not significantly associated with change in quality of life ( p >0.05). Conclusions: This study supports the potential benefits of a 10-day mind–body interactive exercise (Chan-Chuang qigong) program for subacute stroke inpatients and provides information that may be useful in planning adjunctive rehabilitative care for stroke inpatients.

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Heart rate recovery after maximal exercise is associated with acetylcholine receptor M2 (CHRM2) gene polymorphism

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.01193.2005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 291 (1) ◽

pp. H459-H466 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Arto J. Hautala ◽

Tuomo Rankinen ◽

Antti M. Kiviniemi ◽

Timo H. Mäkikallio ◽

Heikki V. Huikuri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Endurance Training ◽

Acetylcholine Receptor ◽

Maximal Exercise ◽

Heart Rate Recovery ◽

Control Group ◽

Receptor Subtype ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Chronotropic Response ◽

Increased Risk

The determinants of heart rate (HR) recovery after exercise are not well known, although attenuated HR recovery is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. Because acetylcholine receptor subtype M2 (CHRM2) plays a key role in the cardiac chronotropic response, we tested the hypothesis that, in healthy individuals, the CHRM2 gene polymorphisms might be associated with HR recovery 1 min after the termination of a maximal exercise test, both before and after endurance training. The study population consisted of sedentary men and women ( n = 95, 42 ± 5 yr) assigned to a training ( n = 80) or control group ( n = 15). The study subjects underwent a 2-wk laboratory-controlled endurance training program, which included five 40-min sessions/wk at 70–80% of maximal HR. HR recovery differed between the intron 5 rs324640 genotypes at baseline (C/C, −33 ± 10; C/T, −33 ± 7; and T/T, −40 ± 11 beats/min, P = 0.008). Endurance training further strengthened the association: the less common C/C homozygotes showed 6 and 12 beats/min lower HR recovery than the C/T heterozygotes or the T/T homozygotes ( P = 0.001), respectively. A similar association was found between A/T transversion at the 3′-untranslated region of the CHRM2 gene and HR recovery at baseline ( P = 0.025) and after endurance training ( P = 0.005). These data suggest that DNA sequence variation at the CHRM2 locus is a potential modifier of HR recovery in the sedentary state and after short-term endurance training in healthy individuals.

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Heart Rate Variability and Inflammatory Response in Rats With Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endotoxemia

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.933226 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. S669-S676 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

I. ZILA ◽

D. MOKRA ◽

J. KOPINCOVA ◽

M. KOLOMAZNIK ◽

M. JAVORKA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Body Temperature ◽

High Frequency ◽

Heart Tissue ◽

Frequency Domain Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Saline Administration ◽

Tissue Homogenates

The aim of the study was to evaluate short-term heart rate variability (HRV) as an index of cardiac autonomic control in rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with LPS (100 µg/kg b.w.) and control group with an equivalent volume of saline. ECG recordings were done before (base) and 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 min after LPS or saline administration. HRV magnitude was quantified by time and frequency-domain analysis (mean RR interval, SDRR, RMSSD, spectral powers in low (LF) and high frequency (HF) bands. Heart tissue homogenates and plasma were analyzed to determine interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and oxidative stress level (TBARS). Administration of lipopolysaccharide was followed by continuous rise in colonic body temperature compared to saline-treated controls. Endotoxemia in rats was accompanied by significant decrease in HRV spectral activity in high-frequency range at maximal body temperature (logHFpower: 1.2±0.5 vs. 1.9±0.6 ms2, P<0.01). Increased IL-6 was found in heart tissue homogenates of LPS rats (8.0±0.6 vs. 26.4±4.8 pg/ml, (P<0.05). In conclusions, reduced HRV in HF band may indicate a decreased parasympathetic activity in LPS-induced endotoxemia as basic characteristics of altered cardiac control during response to endotoxemia.

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FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF CARDIAC DATA OBTAINED THROUGH HOLTER MONITORING IN REAL LIVING CONDITIONS

CBU International Conference Proceedings ◽

10.12955/cbup.v7.1498 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 870-874

Author(s):

Galya Nikolova Georgieva-Tsaneva

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

High Frequency ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Real Life ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Holter Monitoring ◽

Heart Rate Variability Analysis ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Spectral Parameters

The paper presents frequency methods for estimating the variability of intervals between individual heart beats in Electrocardiogram. This parameter is known in the scientific literature as the Heart Rate Variability and with this method it is possible to make predictions about human health. Three frequency ranges have been studied: Very Low Frequency, Low Frequency, and High Frequency. The study in this paper was based on real cardiological data obtained from 33 patients suffering from heart fibrillations and 29 healthy individuals. The investigated records are obtained through a Holter monitoring of studied individuals in real life conditions. The obtained results show significantly lower values of the tested spectral parameters in the diseased individuals compared to the healthy controls. The accomplished study shows the effective applicability of the spectral methods of Heart Rate Variability analysis and the possibility of differentiation by the spectral parameters of the patients from healthy individuals.

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The New Markers of Ventricular Dispersion in Patients with Acute Poisoning with TCAs: Tp-e Interval and Tp-e/QTc Ratio

10.22514/sv.2020.16.0044 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽

Tricyclic Antidepressants ◽

Acute Poisoning ◽

Study Data ◽

Control Group ◽

Qtc Interval ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Gender Characteristics ◽

And Gender

Introduction: Purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in Tp-e/QTc rates and Tp-e intervals in patients poisoned with tricyclic antidepressants. Methods: 187 patients who were poisoned with tricyclic antidepressants and admitted to our emergency department were included in this study. Control group consisted of 187 healthy individuals with similar age and gender characteristics. All patients underwent 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECG). In addition to QTc measurement, Tp-e/QTc ratios and Tp-e interval were measured in the ECG. Study data were divided two groups as patients and healthy controls. Results: It was found that the QTc interval, Tp-e interval, and Tp-e/QTc ratio were significantly higher in the patient group compared to control group. The analysis demonstrated that QTc interval; Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QTc ratio were independently associated with heart rate. Conclusion: In poisoning with TCAs, the rate of QTc interval, Tp-e/QTc and Tp-e interval has increased and is independently associated with the heart rate in these patients. This may be the precursor of possible fatal ventricular arrhythmias in tricyclic antidepressants.

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Changes in baroreceptor sensitivity for heart rate during normotensive pregnancy and the puerperium

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0980259 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 98 (3) ◽

pp. 259-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Melanie J. BLAKE ◽

Allison MARTIN ◽

Brad N. MANKTELOW ◽

Charles ARMSTRONG ◽

Aidan W. HALLIGAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

High Frequency ◽

Post Partum ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Control Group ◽

Pulse Interval ◽

Normotensive Pregnancy

Normal pregnancy is associated with marked changes in cardiovascular haemodynamics, which in part may be due to changes in autonomic control mechanisms. Baroreflex sensitivity for heart rate (BRS) was calculated in the supine and standing positions using power spectral analysis of pulse interval (PI) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in 16 normotensive pregnant women and 10 normotensive non-pregnant controls. The pregnant women were studied on three occasions during their pregnancy (early, mid- and late gestation) and once during the puerperium. Supine total SBP variability increased between early and late pregnancy by 79% [95% confidence intervals (CI) 30%, 145%; P < 0.001], and supine high-frequency PI variability decreased by 75% (CI 51%, 88%; P < 0.001). Supine BRS fell by 50% (P < 0.001), with values returning to early-pregnancy levels in the puerperium, which were similar to those recorded in the control group. Standing SBP variability and BRS values were unchanged during pregnancy and post partum. The low/high frequency ratio of PI variability, taken as a surrogate measure of sympathovagal balance, increased by 137% (CI 42%, 296%; P < 0.01) in the supine but not the standing position from early to late pregnancy. This was due to a decrease in high-frequency variability rather than to an increase in low-frequency variability, suggesting that these changes may have been due to vagal withdrawal rather than increased sympathetic activity. Normotensive pregnancy is associated with a marked decrease in supine BRS, although the exact mechanisms for these changes remain unclear. Further studies are required to define whether changes in BRS and sympathovagal tone in early pregnancy can be used to predict the onset of pregnancy-induced hypertension.

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Exercise training of dogs with myxomatous valve disease

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-9230 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 325-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M.A. Valandro ◽

J.P.E. Pascon ◽

D.T.P. Pereira ◽

M.L.A. Mistieri

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Exercise Training ◽

High Frequency ◽

Training Group ◽

Valve Disease ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Maximum Heart Rate ◽

The Time Domain ◽

And Training

ABSTRACT The present study has the objective of evaluating the effects of exercise training, using moderate intensity walking (60 to 80% of maximum heart rate), from 30 to 50 minutes, three times a week, in alternate days, during eight weeks, on heart rate variability in dogs with myxomatous valve disease (MVD). For that, 20 dogs in stages B1 (1), B2 (14) and C2 (5) of MVD (ACVIM classification) were divided into untrained control group (CG, n=9) and training group (TG, n=11), and assessed at baseline (T0), after four (T1) and eight weeks (T2). Only one B1 and five B2 dogs completed the training program. In the time domain, the rMSSD was greater in TG in T1 (155,5+42,07) and T2 (199,8+83,54) than CG (T1:91,17+35,79 and T2:88,17+57,51). In the frequency domain, the variable High Frequency (HF) increased in TG in T1 (30950+25810) and T2 (40300+33870) when compared to the CG (T1:19090+23210 and T2:18810+22200) and within the group TG in T2 in relation to T0 (29340+20950). The proposed walking protocol is concluded to have increased the rMSSD and HF variables in TG, representing an increase of the parasympathetic tonus, justifying the indication of this therapy in B1 and B2 stages of MVD.

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Implicit affectivity in clinically depressed patients during acute illness and recovery

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-019-2365-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Suslow ◽

Charlott Maria Bodenschatz ◽

Anette Kersting ◽

Markus Quirin ◽

Vivien Günther

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Antidepressant Medication ◽

Process Models ◽

Dual Process ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Depressed Patients ◽

Implicit Affect ◽

Clinically Depressed ◽

Implicit And Explicit

Abstract Background Clinical depression is characterized by high levels of negative affect (NA) and attenuated positive affect (PA). Psychological and pharmacological treatments have been shown to reduce NA and to enhance PA in depressed patients. Following dual-process models, two types of affect can be distinguished: explicit (or self-reported) affect, which is formed by conscious reflections, and implicit affect, which relates to automatic affective reactions. The present study was conducted to examine, for the first time, both implicit and explicit affectivity in patients suffering from acute depression. Moreover, changes in patients’ implicit and explicit affectivity were investigated over the course of inpatient treatment. Methods Thirty-nine patients suffering from major depression and 39 healthy individuals participated in the study. Implicit affectivity was assessed using the Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test. The explicit state and trait affectivity were measured by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. The level of depressive symptoms was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory. Tests were administered to patients after admission and after 7 weeks of therapy, whereas healthy controls were investigated only once. We examined whether either comorbidity or antidepressant medication has an effect on affectivity. Results Patients with acute depression had lower implicit and explicit PA scores and higher implicit and explicit NA scores than the healthy controls. After treatment, patients’ level of depression decreased significantly. At posttreatment, patients exhibited heightened implicit and explicit PA and diminished explicit trait NA. Independent of antidepressant medication and comorbidity, no significant change in implicit NA was observed over the course of treatment. Implicit NA was correlated with explicit NA in acute depression but not during recovery. Conclusions Acute depression appears to be characterized by decreased implicit and explicit PA and increased implicit and explicit NA. After 7 weeks of treatment, depressed patients’ implicit and explicit PA increased, and explicit trait NA decreased. No decrease in implicit NA and explicit state NA occurred over the course of treatment. Finally, it seems that in the state of acute depression, the interplay between the automatic and reflective systems could be increased for negative affectivity.

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