The Effects of Individual Differences and Training on Paced and Unpaced Aircraft Visual Inspection Performance

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 2-491-2-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey Chen ◽  
Anand Gramopadhye ◽  
Brian Melloy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Critical Step ◽  
Maintenance System ◽  
Maintenance Process ◽  
Human Inspection ◽  
Inspection Performance ◽  
And Training

The aircraft maintenance system is a complex one with many interrelated human and machine components. Inspection is the first critical step in locating and identifying non-conformities that are later removed or fixed as part of maintenance. Thus, inspection constitutes a critical step in the overall maintenance process. Significantly, 90% of all inspection, which is visual, is conducted by human inspectors. Moreover aircraft inspection is often performed under varying pacing conditions. If we are to provide the general public with a safe and reliable air transportation system, inspection must be performed effectively, efficiently and consistently over time. However, past studies in human inspection have reported large individual differences in inspection performance. Even though it is difficult to eliminate errors completely, continuing emphasis must be placed on identifying interventions to reduce errors and improve consistency in performance.

Relations between individual differences in oculomotor resting states and visual inspection performance

Ergonomics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. SCOT BEST ◽  
MATTHEW H. LITTLETON ◽  
ANAND K. GRAMOPADHYE ◽  
RICHARD A. TYRRELL
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Inspection Performance

scholarly journals A Framework to Determine the Effectiveness of Maintenance Strategies Lean Thinking Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Irajpour ◽  
Ali Fallahian-Najafabadi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Mahbod ◽  
Mohammad Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Maintenance Strategy ◽  
Lean Thinking ◽  
Maintenance Strategies ◽  
Maintenance System ◽  
Optimal Maintenance ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Maintenance Process ◽  
And Training ◽  
Maintenance Performance

The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework that can identify and evaluate the effectiveness of a given maintenance strategy and to rank components of maintenance system. The framework is developed using DEMATEL method on maintenance strategy as a guideline. To gain a richer understanding of the framework, a questionnaire is constructed and answered by experts. Then the DEMATEL method is applied to analyze the importance of criteria and the casual relations among the criteria are constructed. The scope of the paper is limited to performance measurement of maintenance strategies. It is found that the framework is applicable and useful for the strategic management of the maintenance function. It is observed that the influencing and preferred infrastructures for designing Learning and Training are three components, that is, optimal maintenance, CMMS, and RCM which are interdependent on each other and are the fundamental components to realize the designed goals of maintenance process. This paper provides an overview of research and developments in the measurement of maintenance performance. Many tools and techniques have been developed in other fields. However, the applicability of those tools to maintenance function has never been tried. In that respect this topic is novel. It helps in managing maintenance more effectively.

The Science of Wisdom in a Polarized World: Knowns and Unknowns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Grossmann ◽  
Nic M. Weststrate ◽  
Monika Ardelt ◽  
Justin Peter Brienza ◽  
Mengxi Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
The Common ◽  
Empirical Approaches ◽  
And Training ◽  
Contextual Differences

Interest in wisdom in the cognitive sciences, psychology, and education has been paralleled by conceptual confusions about its nature and assessment. To clarify these issues and promote consensus in the field, wisdom researchers met in Toronto in July of 2019, resolving disputes through discussion. Guided by a survey of scientists who study wisdom-related constructs, we established a common wisdom model, observing that empirical approaches to wisdom converge on the morally-grounded application of metacognition to reasoning and problem-solving. After outlining the function of relevant metacognitive and moral processes, we critically evaluate existing empirical approaches to measurement and offer recommendations for best practices. In the subsequent sections, we use the common wisdom model to selectively review evidence about the role of individual differences for development and manifestation of wisdom, approaches to wisdom development and training, as well as cultural, subcultural, and social-contextual differences. We conclude by discussing wisdom’s conceptual overlap with a host of other constructs and outline unresolved conceptual and methodological challenges.

The Perception of Distances and Spatial Relationships in Natural Outdoor Environments

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5304 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1315-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Farley Norman ◽  
Charles E Crabtree ◽  
Anna Marie Clayton ◽  
Hideko F Norman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Perceptual Distortions ◽  
Base Width

The ability of observers to perceive distances and spatial relationships in outdoor environments was investigated in two experiments. In experiment 1, the observers adjusted triangular configurations to appear equilateral, while in experiment 2, they adjusted the depth of triangles to match their base width. The results of both experiments revealed that there are large individual differences in how observers perceive distances in outdoor settings. The observers' judgments were greatly affected by the particular task they were asked to perform. The observers who had shown no evidence of perceptual distortions in experiment 1 (with binocular vision) demonstrated large perceptual distortions in experiment 2 when the task was changed to match distances in depth to frontal distances perpendicular to the observers' line of sight. Considered as a whole, the results indicate that there is no single relationship between physical and perceived space that is consistent with observers' judgments of distances in ordinary outdoor contexts.

scholarly journals Collaborative Virtual Environment to Simulate on-the-Job Aircraft Inspection Training Aided by Hand Pointing

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (25) ◽  
pp. 2216-2220
Author(s):  
S. Sadasivan ◽  
R. Rele ◽  
J. S. Greenstein ◽  
A. K. Gramopadhye ◽  
J. Masters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Training Environment ◽  
Virtual Training ◽  
Collaborative Virtual Environment ◽  
Feedback Training ◽  
Inspection Process ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
The One ◽  
Inspection Performance

The human inspector performing visual inspection of an aircraft is the backbone of the aircraft inspection process, a vital element in assuring safety and reliability of an air transportation system. Training is an effective strategy for improving their inspection performance. A drawback of present-day on-the-job (OJT) training provided to aircraft inspectors is the limited exposure to different defect types. Previous studies have shown offline feedback training using virtual reality (VR) simulators to be effective in improving visual inspection performance. This research aims at combining the advantages of VR technology that includes exposure to a wide variety of defects and the one-on-one tutoring approach of OJT by implementing a collaborative virtual training environment. In an immersive collaborative virtual environment (CVE), avatars are used to represent the co-participants. In a CVE, information of where the trainer is pointing can be provided to a trainee as visual deictic reference (VDR). This study evaluates the effectiveness of simulating on-the-job training in a CVE for aircraft inspection training, providing VDR slaved to a 3D mouse used by the trainer for pointing. The results of this study show that the training was effective in improving inspection performance.

Controlled Exertion of Force by Developmentally Delayed Young Men and Women

2005 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-497
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Nagasawa ◽  
Shinichi Demura
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Young People ◽  
Voluntary Movement ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Developmentally Delayed ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Delayed Group ◽  
Movement Function

Present purposes were to examine the characteristics of controlled force exertion in 28 developmentally delayed young people (14 men, 14 women), and sex differences compared to 28 normal young students (14 men, 14 women). The subjects matched their submaximal grip strength to changing demand values displayed in a bar chart on the display of a personal computer. The total sum of the differences between the demand value and grip exertion value for 25 sec. was used as an evaluation parameter for the test. The controlled force exertion was significantly poorer for the developmentally delayed group than for controls, and there were large individual differences. The developmentally delayed men scored poorer than women in coordination. Like the controls, the means between trials did not decrease significantly. For these developmentally delayed subjects, performance did not improve after only a few trials. The controlled force-exertion test is useful as a voluntary movement-function test for developmentally delayed subjects.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Pemeliharaan Vertical Garden di Fairmont Sanur Beach Bali

2021 ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Putu Ari Radinasuari ◽  
Cokorda Gede Alit Semarajaya ◽  
I Made Sukewijaya
Keyword(s):  
Study Data ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Maintenance System ◽  
Epipremnum Aureum ◽  
Portulaca Grandiflora ◽  
Schefflera Arboricola ◽  
The Media ◽  
Maintenance Systems ◽  
Water Disposal ◽  
Maintenance Process

Maintenance Identification on Vertical Garden at Fairmont Sanur Beach Bali. Fairmont Sanur Beach Bali has a vertical garden with an area of 10 m x 4 m. The Hotel is able to maintain the plant condition. The purpose of this research is to identify the vertical garden maintenance system at the Fairmont Sanur Beach Bali. The research method uses survey and literature study methods. Data collection techniques are observation, interview, and literature study. Data analysis methods with descriptive methods and scoring tables. The results about the identification of vertical garden maintenance systems consist of watering, water disposal system, trimming, fertilizing, replanting plants, media replacement, sanitation, pest and disease control. Watering in 2 hours creating high humidity in the media. The volume of water released is not fully experienced evapotranspiration. The planting media do not experience drought during the day, so the plants keep fresh. In the calculation of plant suitability values, the corresponding values are Hemigraphis alternata. Plants with adequate value are Epipremnum aureum, Asparagus densiflorus, Ananas bracteatus tricolor, Schefflera Arboricola, and Portulaca grandiflora. In the maintenance process requires a fertigation system to facilitate fertilization. The use of automated systems such as timmers will simplify the maintenance and a more scheduled.

Kinaesthesis: Its Measurement, Training and Relationship to Motor Control

1983 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Laszlo ◽  
P. J. Bairstow
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Motor Behaviour ◽  
Perceptual Training ◽  
Developmental Trends ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Improved Accuracy

This paper reviews studies which demonstrate the importance of kinaesthesis in the acquisition and performance of motor skills. A method of measuring kinaesthetic sensitivity in children and adults (recently developed) is briefly described. Developmental trends in kinaesthetic perception are discussed and large individual differences found within age groups. It was shown that kinaesthetically undeveloped children can be trained to perceive and memorize kinaesthetic information with greatly improved accuracy. Furthermore perceptual training facilitates the performance of a drawing skill. On the basis of these results an argument is made for the importance of kinaesthesis in skilled motor behaviour.

Impact of Feedback Training in Cbt in Visual Inspection

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (25) ◽  
pp. 2079-2083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Ma ◽  
Colin G. Drury ◽  
Ann M. Bisantz
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Process Assessment ◽  
Computer Based Training ◽  
Feedback Training ◽  
On Line ◽  
Inspection Performance

Training has been a consistently effective intervention in improving inspection performance. For example, existing inspection training in the aircraft maintenance domain is mainly a combination of classroom and on-the-job training (OJT). Computer-based training (CBT) has been promoted ever since it was introduced to this domain. In this study we investigate how effectively feedback training can be combined with CBT to improve visual inspection performance. Specifically, we examine the potential positive impacts of performance and process feedback in CBT, given in an on-line manner, on a trainee's performance and process assessment in a visual inspection task. The CBT system for inspection we used was adopted from the ASSIST program (Chen, Gramopadhye and Melloy, 2000). In our computer simulation of a familiar situation, participants were asked to search certain areas inside of a car in order to detect certain targets (dropped coins) with the aid of computerized tools (e.g., a magnifying glass, a flashlight), and fill out an inspection report based upon detection. A significant test effect was found across performance measures. Type of feedback training was found to be significant for search time. Performance measures were significantly correlated with target difficulty level; on-line performance feedback was significantly more efficient in improving performance measures than conventional delayed performance feedback; feedback training did affect process assessment measures.

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