Creativity Increases through Top-Down Design Procedures

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin G. Helander ◽  
Dag Caldenfors
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Experimental Subjects

Finke's notion of preinventive structure in top-down design was tested using Suh's methodology for top-down axiomatic design. Two groups of experimental subjects designed controls and displays for an “intelligent” automobile. One group was instructed to consider functional requirements and derive their design in a top-down fashion. The other group was also informed about functional requirements, and design methodology but was not instructed to use any particular design procedure. The first group produced significantly better designs than the second group - they were more creative, more practical and fulfilled design goals better. Top-down reasoning with careful consideration of functional requirements generated better design. Suh's methodology has an extra bonus, which is in agreement with Finke; it forces a slow deliberation of design features.

Analysis of Equipment for Testing the Processability by Injection Molding of Plastics on the Basis of Axiomatic Design Principles

2019 ◽  
Vol 957 ◽  
pp. 437-444
Author(s):  
Adelina Hriţuc ◽  
Margareta Coteaţă ◽  
Oana Dodun ◽  
Gheorghe Nagîţ ◽  
Laurenţiu Slătineanu
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Constructive Solution ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Design Activities

The obtaining of information concerning the processability by injection of plastics could facilitate a better design of injection manufacturing processes of parts made of such materials. With this aim in view, equipment for testing the processability by injection of plastics was designed. On the other hand, there are known the possibilities of using the axiomatic design principles to solve equipment or various design activities problems. Within this paper, an evaluation of the complying with the requests of the axiomatic design by the designed equipment was developed. The axiom of independence of the functional requirements necessary to be achieved by the equipment was applied. The analysis allowed the formulation of some remarks concerning the fulfillment of some principles of axiomatic design by the constructive solution proposed for the equipment for testing the processability by injection of plastics.

scholarly journals Design Methodology of the Class-E Power Amplifier with Finite Feed Inductance—A Tutorial Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8765
Author(s):  
Ingrid Casallas ◽  
Carlos-Ivan Paez-Rueda ◽  
Gabriel Perilla ◽  
Manuel Pérez ◽  
Arturo Fajardo
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Power Amplifier ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Iterative Design ◽  
Amplifier Design ◽  
Class E

The Class-E with finite feed inductance is a high-efficiency power amplifier that generally uses complex, long, and iterative design procedures. In this paper, we detail a design methodology that is based on an analytical model of this amplifier. This methodology explores the power amplifier design by the use of a symbolic mathematical tool, which was developed in the software Maple™. This approach helps to understand the Class-E circuit topology and it offers a fast and easy design procedure without having to examine, in-depth, the model analytical equations.

scholarly journals Bidding for UK city of culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Cunningham ◽  
Louise Platt
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
European Capital Of Culture ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose The UK city of culture (UKCoC) scheme developed out of Liverpool’s year as European Capital of Culture in 2008 and is synonymous with urban renewal. The purpose of this paper is to examine the challenges of bidding for this scheme. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with bid team members from four out of the five short-listed cities for the 2021 award. Respondents were situated across the country and, at the time, finalising their Stage 2 bids. Thematic analysis was conducted to analyse the responses. Findings The UKCoC scheme is a top-down scheme which is delivered “in place”. The danger of the top-down vision is that local people cannot often conceptualise what it might mean within the context of their own locality. The findings here suggest that bid team members are attempting to do this despite obvious time pressures. The research presented here suggests that cities are reconciling the top-down, criteria-led nature of the scheme with a real reflection on how to make that work for their locality which is distinctive. Social implications The UKCoC scheme has proved to galvanise communities to reflect on the nature of their places and think about what makes them unique in comparison to the other bidding cities. The bidding teams acknowledge the challenges of bidding but there is a sense that competing is worth the investment. Originality/value This paper offers a unique insight into a recent competitive placemaking scheme and reflects on how placemaking can potentially be reconciled as both top-down and place-based.

Coping with longitudinal data in research on developmental psychopathology

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
The Third ◽  
Data Analytic ◽  
Over Time

Many outcome variables in developmental psychopathology research are highly stable over time. In conventional longitudinal data analytic approaches such as multiple regression, controlling for prior levels of the outcome variable often yields little (if any) reliable variance in the dependent variable for putative predictors to explain. Three strategies for coping with this problem are described. One involves focusing on developmental periods of transition, in which the outcome of interest may be less stable. A second is to give careful consideration to the amount of time allowed to elapse between waves of data collection. The third is to consider trait-state-occasion models that partition the outcome variable into two dimensions: one entirely stable and trait-like, the other less stable and subject to occasion-specific fluctuations.

scholarly journals Language Family Engineering with Product Lines of Multi-level Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan de Lara ◽  
Esther Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Arbitrary Number ◽  
Formal Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Modelling Languages ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractModelling is an essential activity in software engineering. It typically involves two meta-levels: one includes meta-models that describe modelling languages, and the other contains models built by instantiating those meta-models. Multi-level modelling generalizes this approach by allowing models to span an arbitrary number of meta-levels. A scenario that profits from multi-level modelling is the definition of language families that can be specialized (e.g., for different domains) by successive refinements at subsequent meta-levels, hence promoting language reuse. This enables an open set of variability options given by all possible specializations of the language family. However, multi-level modelling lacks the ability to express closed variability regarding the availability of language primitives or the possibility to opt between alternative primitive realizations. This limits the reuse opportunities of a language family. To improve this situation, we propose a novel combination of product lines with multi-level modelling to cover both open and closed variability. Our proposal is backed by a formal theory that guarantees correctness, enables top-down and bottom-up language variability design, and is implemented atop the MetaDepth multi-level modelling tool.

Computer Vision and robotics in postal automation

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 265-273
Author(s):  
Giovanni B. Garibotto
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Material Handling ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Short Description ◽  
The Other ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Postal Automation ◽  
And Robotics

The paper is intended to provide an overview of advanced robotic technologies within the context of Postal Automation services. The main functional requirements of the application are briefly referred, as well as the state of the art and new emerging solutions. Image Processing and Pattern Recognition have always played a fundamental role in Address Interpretation and Mail sorting and the new challenging objective is now off-line handwritten cursive recognition, in order to be able to handle all kind of addresses in a uniform way. On the other hand, advanced electromechanical and robotic solutions are extremely important to solve the problems of mail storage, transportation and distribution, as well as for material handling and logistics. Finally a short description of new services of Postal Automation is referred, by considering new emerging services of hybrid mail and paper to electronic conversion.

scholarly journals Robust H∞ Loop Shaping Controller Synthesis for SISO Systems by Complex Modular Functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Ahmad Taher Azar ◽  
Fernando E. Serrano ◽  
Nashwa Ahmad Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Filter Design ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Elliptic Functions ◽  
Loop System ◽  
Closed Loop System ◽  
Loop Shaping

In this paper, a loop shaping controller design methodology for single input and a single output (SISO) system is proposed. The theoretical background for this approach is based on complex elliptic functions which allow a flexible design of a SISO controller considering that elliptic functions have a double periodicity. The gain and phase margins of the closed-loop system can be selected appropriately with this new loop shaping design procedure. The loop shaping design methodology consists of implementing suitable filters to obtain a desired frequency response of the closed-loop system by selecting appropriate poles and zeros by the Abel theorem that are fundamental in the theory of the elliptic functions. The elliptic function properties are implemented to facilitate the loop shaping controller design along with their fundamental background and contributions from the complex analysis that are very useful in the automatic control field. Finally, apart from the filter design, a PID controller loop shaping synthesis is proposed implementing a similar design procedure as the first part of this study.

scholarly journals Different Roles of Top-Down and Bottom-Up Processes in the Distribution of Size-Fractionated Phytoplankton in Gwangyang Bay

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1682
Author(s):  
Yoonja Kang ◽  
Yeongji Oh
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Nutrient Addition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Zooplankton Grazing ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Phytoplankton Distribution ◽  
Summer Bloom ◽  
Gwangyang Bay

The interactive roles of zooplankton grazing (top-down) and nutrient (bottom-up) processes on phytoplankton distribution in a temperate estuary were investigated via dilution and nutrient addition experiments. The responses of size-fractionated phytoplankton and major phytoplankton groups, as determined by flow cytometry, were examined in association with zooplankton grazing and nutrient availability. The summer bloom was attributed to nanoplankton, and microplankton was largely responsible for the winter bloom, whereas the picoplankton biomass was relatively consistent throughout the sampling periods, except for the fall. The nutrient addition experiments illustrated that nanoplankton responded more quickly to phosphate than the other groups in the summer, whereas microplankton had a faster response to most nutrients in the winter. The dilution experiments ascribed that the grazing mortality rates of eukaryotes were low compared to those of the other groups, whereas autotrophic cyanobacteria were more palatable to zooplankton than cryptophytes and eukaryotes. Our experimental results indicate that efficient escape from zooplankton grazing and fast response to nutrient availability synergistically caused the microplankton to bloom in the winter, whereas the bottom-up process (i.e., the phosphate effect) largely governed the nanoplankton bloom in the summer.

scholarly journals Teaching innovations in Asian higher education: perspectives of educators

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
The Many

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the teaching innovations that have been implemented in higher education institutions in Asia and the perspectives of educators on them. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 educators who were affiliated with 23 higher education institutions in ten Asian countries/regions. The interviews covered information about the teaching innovations of the participants’ institutions, the characteristics of the innovative practices and the participants’ views on them. The relationships between the characteristics of institutions and their teaching innovations were also examined. Findings The results showed that the teaching innovations included two main categories, namely, those which involved the use of advanced technologies and those which did not. The innovations that involved the use of advanced technologies were mainly from larger institutions, while the other category was mainly from smaller ones and had been practised for less than 1.5 years. Differences were also identified between the two categories in terms of the aims and importance of innovations, innovative features, the evaluation of innovations and improvements needed for them. Originality/value The results highlighted that technology is only one of the many aspects of teaching innovations, which is different from the view prevailing in the literature. They also suggested that differences in the scale of institutions (in terms of number of students) possibly influences the kind of teaching innovations adopted.

scholarly journals The Evidential Conditional

Erkenntnis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Crupi ◽  
Andrea Iacona
Keyword(s):  
Careful Consideration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ramsey Test ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis paper outlines an account of conditionals, the evidential account, which rests on the idea that a conditional is true just in case its antecedent supports its consequent. As we will show, the evidential account exhibits some distinctive logical features that deserve careful consideration. On the one hand, it departs from the material reading of ‘if then’ exactly in the way we would like it to depart from that reading. On the other, it significantly differs from the non-material accounts which hinge on the Ramsey Test, advocated by Adams, Stalnaker, Lewis, and others.

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