An Objective Measure of the Subjective Pain Response Resulting from Lumbar Muscle Fatigue Due to Lifting

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (14) ◽  
pp. 869-873
Author(s):  
Susan Kotowski ◽  
Kermit Davis ◽  
Lisa Lemen
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pain Pathway ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Lifting Task ◽  
The Brain

Pain is one of the body's least understood biological responses. Pain measurement often relies on the perception of the individual without any link to known objective responses within the body. The objective of the study was to relate a quantitative measurement of pain obtained by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), which analyzes chemical shifts in the brain, to perceived pain responses, as measured by ratings of pain. A lifting task was performed to achieve lumbar musculature fatigue, and induce muscle pain. Prior to, immediately following, and 24-hours post, MRS scans were recorded to document chemicals in the brain. All of the participants elicited significant fatigue during the lifting task that resulted in significant pain immediately following and 24-hrs after fatiguing exertions. However, for the majority of brain chemical responses, there was not a significant pattern. The exception was the significant difference in brain response between males and females. Although the results were not completely conclusive in establishing a pain pathway, several key conclusions can be drawn: 1) pain processing appears to be different between males and females, 2) pain pathway to the brain is complex and maybe the underlying reason why low back pain is so elusive, and 3) chemical response may be different, depending upon the location in the brain. Future work will need to better delineate the latency period for muscle pain and changes in the neurosensory system in the brain.

scholarly journals The occurrence of Contracaecum sp. larvae (Nematoda : Anisakidae) in the catfishClarias gariepinus (Burchell) from Lake Chivero, Zimbabwe

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Barson
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Males And Females

Clarias gariepinus were collected from Lake Chivero, Zimbabwe, and examined for nematode parasites from November 2000 to May 2002. Of the 202 specimens collected, 42.6 % were infected with third-stage larvae of Contracaecum sp. in the body cavity. The intensity of the infection was 1-7 worms per fish (mean intensity = 2.2). Seasonal variation in the prevalence of the parasite was not obvious and there was no significant difference in the prevalence of infection between males and females (c2 = 2.228; P > 0.05). No significant relationship between host size and prevalence was established. There was also no significant relationship between intensity and the body condition factor (r = 0.11; P > 0.05). The low parasite prevalence may have been caused by the disruption of the infection cycle since piscivorous birds, which are the final hosts of the parasite, do not feed on C. gariepinus in Lake Chivero.

scholarly journals Study of Second and Fourth Digit Lengths and Their Ratios With Physical Attributes in Nepali Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Biswas Satyal ◽  
Abhishek Satyal
Keyword(s):  
Ring Finger ◽  
The Body ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Digit Ratios ◽  
Hand Deformities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Physical Traits ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Males And Females

Introduction: The ratio of the lengths of the index and the ring finger (2D:4D ratio) is generally different between men and women. A number of studies have shown a correlation between the 2D:4D digit ratio and various physical and behavioral traits. The aim of the present study is to investigate the association of the index (2nd) and ring (4th) digit ratios with some physical traits in Nepal population. Material & Method: 200 students (100 males and 100 females) between ages of 18 years and above were randomly selected with exclusion of those with hand deformities. The digit lengths were measured from the basal crease to the tips usingvernier calipers. The 2D:4D ratios were determined for each subject while height and weight were used to calculate the body mass index and data analyzed. The study was conducted between January 2018 to November 2018. Result: The result of the anthropometric study of the differences in index (2D) and ring (4D) and their ratios shows that there was a significant difference between the length of index finger (2D), ring finger (4D) and the ratios of right hand's 2D:4D in both males and females. There was appositive correlation between the second digit length and Height and weight in males and females both on right and left sides. The 2D:4D ratio for both left and right hand did not show any positive correlation with height, weight or BMI of an individual.

scholarly journals Are there sex differences in the body size of the Eurasian red squirrel in Slovakia?

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Čanády ◽  
Ladislav Mošanský ◽  
Peter Krišovský
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Red Squirrel ◽  
Sexual Interaction ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hind Foot ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Sexual dimorphism of the Eurasian red squirrel on five somatic variables (head-and-body length, tail length, hind foot length, ear length and body weight) was evaluated on 55 squirrels. The overlap of values of the measured traits among sexes was high, but in all traits (with exception of the tail length) males seem to exhibit slightly higher mean values than females. However, these differences were non-significant, with the exception of a small significant difference in the tail length and tail-to-head-and-body ratio. Similarly, the results of discriminant function analysis show no differences between the sexes. Positive correlation analyses, together with PCA values, confirmed that tail length and hind foot length are traits that play a significant role in overall variability. We suggest that this relationship could explain their mutual importance in locomotion, where the feet are essential for movement in the trees. By contrast, the tail maintains balance on thin branches, or during jumps from one crown to another. Longer tails also demonstrate differential selection on males and females for a locomotor trait. Similarly, we discuss whether variations in tail length were connected to female reproductive success. Our results suggest that the non-significant results regarding SSD provide the benefit of the same size for both sexes in the protection of territory as well as inter- and intra-sexual interaction.

scholarly journals Expression of Aromatase and Steroidogenic Factor 1 in the Lung of the Urodele Amphibian Pleurodeles waltl

Endocrinology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 145 (7) ◽  
pp. 3111-3114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Kuntz ◽  
Dominique Chardard ◽  
Amand Chesnel ◽  
Mariette Ducatez ◽  
Martine Callier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aromatase Activity ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Steroidogenic Factor 1 ◽  
Adult Lung ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aromatase Mrna ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Pleurodeles Waltl ◽  
The Brain

Abstract We report here the results of the analysis of aromatase and steroidogenic factor 1 (Sf1) expression in adult lung of the urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltl. Using RT-PCR experiments, we show the expression of the estrogen-synthesizing enzyme, aromatase, in this organ. In the lung, no significant difference between males and females was observed in the level of aromatase mRNAs. Aromatase mRNA levels were also identical to those found in the brain or the testis, but the levels were 2-fold lower than in the ovary. Aromatase activity measurements revealed the presence of an active form of aromatase in the lung, which was similar in males and females. There was no difference in the level of aromatase activity between lung, brain, and testis, but a higher activity was measured in the ovary (13.7-fold compared with testis). Therefore, the differences in aromatase mRNA level between the ovary and the other organs did not mirror the differences in aromatase activity, suggesting the involvement of posttranslational events. Aromatase was also expressed in the lung of the anuran amphibian Xenopus laevis. In Pleurodeles lung, Sf1 mRNAs were also detected. There was no difference between males and females in the level of these mRNAs. The Sf1 mRNA levels were not significantly different from those measured in the brain, but a significant 2.1-fold higher level of expression was found in the gonads. These results demonstrate clearly the expression of steroidogenic markers in the adult lung of amphibians, but the biological significance of this remains to be determined.

scholarly journals Torticollis as the Main Presentation in a Child with Russell-Silver Syndrome: A Case Report

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Javadzadeh ◽  
Hedieh Saneifard ◽  
Amir Hossein Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Triangular Face ◽  
Postnatal Growth Retardation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Silver Syndrome ◽  
Two Sides

Russell-Silver syndrome is a genetic disorder the inheritance pattern of which is mostly sporadic. Some of the features of the syndrome are present at birth, and others appear in later years. The main clinical features include low birth weight, poor growth postnatally, short height, and discrepancies in size between the two sides of the body Abu-Amera et al. (2008), Binder et al. (2011). There is no statistical significant difference in prevalence between males and females. We report a case of Russell-Silver syndrome with intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, triangular face, and body asymmetry, in addition to torticollis as a novel manifestation. In neck sonography, we found asymmetry of sternocleidomastoid muscles. In conclusion, we describe torticollis as a presentation of Russell-Silver syndrome.

scholarly journals Analysis of Mental State of Patients after Drug Addiction and Withdrawal Guided by PETCT Image Based on Optimized Image Fusion Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yaowen Pang ◽  
Xiang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Brain Temperature ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Brain

Blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) studies have shown that drug-dependent patients are activated in different addictive brain areas under the stimulation of relevant environmental cues, which in turn leads to craving and relapse. This study uses magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure brain temperature to explore the brain temperature changes in different addictive brain regions of heroin and methamphetamine addicts in a short-term withdrawal state and to explore whether the quantitative index of brain temperature change can be used as a diagnostic drug Methods. The subjects were scanned by resting-state MRI spectroscopy first and then subjected to MRI spectroscopy scanning under visual stimulation. The subjects were required to watch the heroin/meth-related clue pictures carefully during visual stimulation. The measured chemical shift value of N-acetyl-aspartic acid (NAA) is substituted into the brain temperature calculation formula T = 37 + 100 to obtain the brain temperature before and after visual stimulation. In addition, the anxiety and depression states of heroin and methamphetamine-dependent patients were evaluated. Results. There was no statistically significant change in the brain temperature of the prefrontal cortex before and after visual stimulation in heroin and methamphetamine-dependent subjects; compared with the normal group, there was no change in prefrontal cortex brain temperature before and after visual stimulation in heroin and methamphetamine-dependent subjects. Statistical Significance. The changes of hippocampal temperature before and after visual stimulation in methamphetamine-dependent patients were not statistically significant; compared with the normal group, there was no statistically significant difference in the changes of hippocampal temperature before and after visual stimulation in methamphetamine-dependent patients. Conclusion. This study initially found that the visual cues related to heroin and methamphetamine were not enough to cause significant changes in the brain temperature of the prefrontal cortex.

Effect of acute hyperketonemia on the cerebral uptake of ketone bodies in nondiabetic subjects and IDDM patients

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (1) ◽  
pp. E20-E28 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Blomqvist ◽  
M. Alvarsson ◽  
V. Grill ◽  
G. Von Heijne ◽  
M. Ingvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Ketone Body ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Brain

Using R-β-[1-11C]hydroxybutyrate and positron emission tomography, we studied the effect of acute hyperketonemia (range 0.7–1.7 μmol/ml) on cerebral ketone body utilization in six nondiabetic subjects and six insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients with average metabolic control (HbA1c = 8.1 ± 1.7%). An infusion of unlabeled R-β-hydroxybutyrate was started 1 h before the bolus injection of R-β-[1-11C]hydroxybutyrate. The time course of the radioactivity in the brain was measured during 10 min. For both groups, the utilization rate of ketone bodies was found to increase nearly proportionally with the plasma concentration of ketone bodies (1.0 ± 0.3 μmol/ml for nondiabetic subjects and 1.3 ± 0.3 μmol/ml for IDDM patients). No transport of ketone bodies from the brain could be detected. This result, together with a recent study of the tissue concentration of R-β-hydroxybutyrate in the brain by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, indicate that, also at acute hyperketonemia, the rate-limiting step for ketone body utilization is the transport into the brain. No significant difference in transport and utilization of ketone bodies could be detected between the nondiabetic subjects and the IDDM patients.

Pseudoneglect of Males and Females on a Spatial Short-Term Memory Task

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhan Nalçaci ◽  
Metehan Çiçek ◽  
Canan Kalaycioglu ◽  
Sema Yavuzer
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Spatial Task ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

The effect of sex on the phenomenon of pseudoneglect was assessed in 60 male and 61 female right-handed subjects using a modified form of Corsi's block-tapping test. A significant right-lateralized pseudoneglect for both sexes was found, and the level of pseudoneglect strongly correlated with neglect in the right hemispace. Men were significantly more accurate in the left hemispace than women, whereas no difference was seen between the sexes in the right hemispace. Although we found some indirect evidence from which to infer that the men's brain may be functionally more lateralized than the women's for this spatial task, there was no significant difference between the sexes in correct responses for the left hemispace, i.e., right pseudoneglect. Therefore, the results suggest that pseudoneglect phenomenon can be partly explained by a functional asymmetric feature of the brain, and the other factors probably play a role in producing the similar patterns of asymmetric perception of space in males and females.

Brain Imaging

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack M. Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
The Body ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Axial Tomography ◽  
The Brain

The blood–brain barrier vigorously limits what can get into and out of the brain, making our ability to understand brain function much more difficult than with any other organ in the body. The modern era of brain imaging began about a half-century ago with the introduction of computed axial tomography (CAT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although CAT scanning shows brain structure in great detail and revolutionized the precision of medical diagnosis, including of brain disorders, it has had relatively little impact on psychiatry because most psychiatric illnesses do not involve visible abnormalities of the size, shape, or volume of brain structures. Similarly, although we have gained some insights from structural MRI, it primarily shows us the anatomy of the brain. Three other variants of MRI, however, have been extremely useful in studying psychiatric issues: functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Flight of the Chinese white pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in relation to sex, body weight and energy reserve

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Chen ◽  
Z. Li ◽  
S.H. Bu ◽  
Z.Q. Tian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flight Distance ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Chinese White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThe flight distance, flight time and individual flight activities of males and females of Dendroctonus armandi were recorded during 96-h flight trials using a flight mill system. The body weight, glucose, glycogen and lipid content of four treatments (naturally emerged, starved, phloem-fed and water-fed) were compared among pre-flight, post-flight and unflown controls. There was no significant difference between males and females in total flight distance and flight time in a given 24-h period. The flight distance and flight time of females showed a significant linear decline as the tethered flying continued, but the sustained flight ability of females was better than that of males. The females had higher glycogen and lipid content than the males; however, there was no significant difference between both sexes in glucose content. Water-feeding and phloem-feeding had significant effects on longevity, survival days and flight potential of D. armandi, which resulted in longer feeding days, poorer flight potential and lower energy substrate content. Our results demonstrate that flight distances in general do not differ between water-fed and starved individuals, whereas phloem-fed females and males fly better than water-fed and starved individuals.

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